考研考博-英語-天津工業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津工業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Weacceptanybodyregardless______nationality.

問題1選項

A.to

B.for

C.of

D.in

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。B選項regardlessfor“尊重；考慮到”；C選項regardlessof“不管，無論”；A選項regardlessto和D選項regardlessin非固定搭配。句意：我們接受任何人，______國籍。根據(jù)語境，這里指接受每個國家的人，C選項regardlessof“不管，無論”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

2.單選題

Thesamefactorspushwagesandpricesuptogether,theone（

）theother.

問題1選項

A.emphasizing

B.reinforcing

C.multiplying

D.increasing

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析題。emphasize強調(diào)；reinforce加強，加固；multiply增加；increase增強，提高。

句意：相同的因素推動工資和物價同時上漲，二者相互促進。這里指由于相互促進而增強，所以選項B最為恰當。

3.單選題

Howcanthetrainoperatorspossiblyjustifyyetanotherincreasetorailpassengerfares?Ithasbecomeagrimlyreliableannualritual:everyJanuarythecostoftravellingbytrainrises,imposingasignificantextraburdenonthosewhohavenooptionbuttousetherailnetworktogettoworkorotherwise.Thisyear'srise,anaverageof2.7percent,maybeafractionlowerthanlastyear's,butitisstillwellabovetheofficialConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)measureofinflation.

Successivegovernmentshavepermittedsuchincreasesonthegroundsthatthecostofinvestinginandrunningtherailnetworkshouldbebornebythosewhouseit,ratherthanthegeneraltaxpayer.Why,theargumentgoes,shouldacar-drivingpensionerfromLincolnshirehavetosubsidizethedailycommuteofastockbrokerfromSurrey?Equally,thereisasensethatthetravailsofcommutersintheSouthEast,manyofwhomwillfaceamongthebiggestrises,havereceivedtoomuchattentioncomparedtothosewhomustenduretherelativelypoorinfrastructureoftheMidlandsandtheNorth.

However,overthepast12months,thosecommutershavealsoexperiencedsomeoftheworstrailstrikesinyears.Itisallverywelltrainoperatorstrumpetingtheimprovementstheyaremakingtothenetwork,butpassengersshouldbeabletoexpectabasiclevelofserviceforthesubstantialsumstheyarenowpayingtotravel.Theresponsibilityforthelatestwaveofstrikesrestsontheunions.However,thereisastrongcasethatthosewhohavebeenworstaffectedbyindustrialactionshouldreceivecompensationforthedisruptiontheyhavesuffered.

TheGovernmenthaspledgedtochangethelawtointroduceaminimumservicerequirementsothat,evenwhenstrikesoccur,servicescancontinuetooperate.Thisshouldformpartofawiderpackageofmeasurestoaddressthelong-runningproblemsonBritain'srailways.Yes,moreinvestmentisneeded,butpassengerswillnotbewillingtopaymoreindefinitelyiftheymustalsoendurecramped,unreliableservices,punctuatedbyregularchaoswhentimetablesarechanged,orplannedmaintenanceismanagedincompetently.Thethreatofnationalizationmayhavebeenseenofffornow,butitwillreturnwithavengeanceifthejustifiedangerofpassengersisnotaddressedinshortorder.

1.Theauthorholdsthatthisyear'sincreaseinrailpassengersfares（

）.

2.ThestockbrokerinParagraph2isusedtostandfor（

）.

3.ItisindicatedinParagraph3thattrainoperators（

）.

4.Ifunabletocalmdownpassengers,therailwaysmayhavetoface（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

問題1選項

A.willeasetrainoperation'sburden

B.haskeptpacewithinflation

C.isabigsurprisetocommuters

D.remainsanunreasonablemeasure

問題2選項

A.cardrivers

B.railtravelers

C.localinvestors

D.ordinarytaxpayers

問題3選項

A.areofferingcompensationstocommuters

B.aretryingtorepairrelationswiththeunions

C.havefailedtoprovideanadequateservice

D.havesufferedhugelossesowingtothestrikes

問題4選項

A.thelossofinvestment

B.thecollapseofoperations

C.areductionofrevenue

D.achangeofownership

問題5選項

A.WhoAretoBlamefortheStrikes?

B.ConstantComplainingDoesn'tWork

C.CanNationalizationBringHope?

D.Ever-risingFaresAren'tSustainable

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

4.翻譯題

Theonlyadvice,indeed,thatonepersoncangiveanotheraboutreadingistotakenoadvicetofollowyourowninstincts,touseyourownreason,tocometoyourownconclusions.

Ifthisisagreedbetweenus，thenIfeelatlibertytoputforwardafewideasandsuggestionsbecauseyouwillnotallowthemtofetter(禁錮)thatindependencewhichisthemostimportantqualitythatareadercanpossess.Afterall,whatlawscanbelaiddownaboutbooks?ThebattleofWaterloowascertainlyfoughtonacertainday；butisHamletabetterplaythanLear?Nobodycansay.Eachmustdecidethatquestionforhimself.

Everywhereelsewemaybeboundbylawsandconventions—therewehavenone.Then,howarewetobringorderintothismultitudinouschaosandgetthedeepestandwidestpleasurefromwhatweread?

Itissimpleenoughtosaythatsincebookshaveclasses—fiction，biography，poetry—weshouldseparatethemandtakefromeachwhatitisrightthateachshouldgiveus.Yetfewpeopleaskfrombookswhatbookscangiveus.Mostcommonlywecometobookswithblurredanddividedminds,askingoffictionthatitshallbetrue,ofpoetrythatitshallbefalse,ofbiographythatitshallbeflattering,ofhistorythatitshallenforceourownprejudices.Ifwecouldbanishallsuchpreconceptionswhenweread,thatwouldbeanadmirablebeginning.Donotdictatetoyourauthor；trytobecomehim,Behisfellow-workerandaccomplice.Ifyouhangback，andreserveandcriticizeatfirst,youarepreventingyourselffromgettingthefullestpossiblevaluefromwhatyouread.Butifyouopenyourmindaswidelyaspossible，thesignsandhintsofalmostimperceptiblefineness,fromthetwistandturnofthefirstsentences,willbringyouintothepresenceofahumanbeingunlikeanyother.

“Wehaveonlytocompare”—withthosewordsthecatisoutofthebag,andthetruecomplexityofreadingisadmitted.Thefirstprocess,toreceiveimpressionswiththeutmostunderstanding,isonlyhalftheprocessofreading；itmustbecompleted,ifwearetogetthewholepleasurefromabook,byanother.

Wemustpassjudgmentuponthesemultitudinousimpressions;wemustmakeofthesefleetingshapesonethatishardandlasting.

【答案】如果我們對此達成共識，我就可以無拘束地提出一些看法和建議，因為你不會讓這些看法和建議禁錮你的獨立見解，而獨立見解正是讀者應(yīng)該具備的最重要的品質(zhì)。

在其他任何一個地方，我們都會受到法律和習(xí)俗的約束，唯獨在讀書方面沒有。

毋庸諱言，既然書籍有類別之分——比如小說、傳記、詩歌等，我們就應(yīng)該將它們加以區(qū)分，并從各種不同類別的圖書中獲取有益的內(nèi)容。

倘若你從未開卷便先行猶豫退縮、有所保留、批評苛求，那么你就在妨礙自己從閱讀中最大限度地獲取有用價值。

我們必須對各種感受進行梳理和鑒別：把變幻不定的印象固化為明確和持久的感受。

5.單選題

Theexecutivemanagerdoesn’tliketoconsideropinionsdifferentfromhisown,whichmay_______hisjudgmentinbusinessactivities.

問題1選項

A.cripple

B.hurt

C.distract

D.distort

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項“cripple”意為“（使）跛；（使）殘廢；削弱；給……造成嚴重問題”；B選項“hurt”意為“使受傷；損害；使疼痛；使痛心”；C選項“distract”意為“轉(zhuǎn)移；分心”；D選項“distort”意為“扭曲；使失真；曲解”。句意：這位行政經(jīng)理不喜歡考慮與自己不同的意見，這可能會削弱他在商業(yè)活動中的判斷力。由題干可知，doesn’tliketoconsideropinionsdifferentfromhisown（不喜歡考慮與自己不同的意見）說明這位經(jīng)理害怕受到別人想法的影響干擾，從而削弱自己的判斷力。因此A選項符合題意。

6.單選題

Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines（廉價并且趣味低級的雜志）,theBug-EyedMonster,embodyingeverytraitandfeaturethatmostpeoplefindrepulsive,isabouttograb,andpresumablyravish,asweet,blonde,curvaceous,scantilycladEarthgirl.Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansanddegradesaworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.Incontrasttothisunwarrantedstereotype,sciencefictionrarelyemphasizessex,andwhenitdoes,itismorediscreetthanothercontemporaryfiction.Instead,thebasicinterestofsciencefictionliesintherelationbetweenmanandhistechnologyandbetweenmanandtheuniverse.Sciencefictionisaliteratureofchangeandaliteratureofthefuture,andwhileitwouldbefoolishtoclaimthatsciencefictionisamajorliterarygenreatthistime,theaspectsofhumanlifethatitconsidersmakeitwellworthreadingandstudyingfornootherliteraryfromdoesquitethesamethings.

Whatissciencefiction?Tobegin,thefollowingdefinitionshouldbehelpful:sciencefictionisaliterarysubgenrewhichpostulatesachange(forhumanbeings)fromconditionsasweknowthemandfollowstheimplicationsofthesechangestoaconclusion.Althoughthisdefinitionwillnecessarilybemodifiedandexpanded,itcoversmuchofthebasicgroundworkandprovidesapointofdeparture.

Thefirstpoint—thatsciencefictionisaliterarysubgenre—isaveryimportantone,butonewhichisoftenoverlookedorignoredinmostdiscussionsofsciencefiction.Specifically,sciencefictioniseitherashortstoryoranovel.Thereareonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbecalledsciencefiction,withKarelCapek’sRUR(Rossum’sUniversalRobots)beingtheonlyonethatiswellknown,thebodyofpoetrythatmightbelabeledsciencefictionisonlyslightlylarger.Tosaythatsciencefictionisasubgenreofprosefictionistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral,thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.

Everythingthatcanbesaidaboutprosefiction,ingeneral,appliestosciencefiction.Everypieceofsciencefiction,whethershortstoryornovel,musthaveanarrator,astory,aplot,asetting,characters,language,andtheme.Andlikeanyprose,thethemesofsciencefictionareconcernedwithinterpretingman’snatureandexperienceinrelationtotheworldaroundhim.Themesinsciencefictionareconstructedandpresentedinexactlythesamewaysthatthemesaredealtwithinanyotherkindoffiction.Theyaretheresultofaparticularcombinationofnarrator,story,plot,character,setting,andlanguage.Inshort,thereasonsforreadingandenjoyingsciencefiction,andthewaysofstudyingandanalyzingit,arebasicallythesameastheywouldbeforanyotherstoryornovel.

1.Sciencefictioniscalledaliterarysubgenrebecause（

）.

2.Thefinalsentenceinthepassageimpliesthat

（

）.

3.Fromthelastparagraph,weknowthatpeoplereadsciencefictionespeciallyfor

（

）.

4.Anappropriatetitleforthispassagewouldbe

（

）.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,thepopularimageofsciencefictionis（

）.

問題1選項

A.itisnotimportantenoughtobealiteraiygenre.

B.itcannotbemadeintoadramaticpresentation.

C.itsharescharacteristicswithothertypesofprosefiction.

D.tocallita“genre”wouldsubjectittoliteraryjargon.

問題2選項

A.Thereadershouldturnnexttocommentariesongeneralfiction.

B.Thereisnoreasonforanyreadernottolikesciencefiction.

C.Thereadershouldcompareothernovelsandstoriestosciencefiction.

D.Thosewhocanappreciateprosefictioncanappreciatesciencefiction.

問題3選項

A.thediscoveryofmeaning

B.thebeautyoflanguage

C.thedisplayofcharacter

D.thepsychologicalcomplexity

問題4選項

A.OntheInaccuraciesofPulpMagazines

B.TowardaDefinitionofScienceFiction

C.ATypeofProseFiction.

D.BeyondtheBug-EyedMonster.

問題5選項

A.prejudiced

B.impartial

C.worthy

D.admiring

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Tosaythatsciencefictionisasubgenreofprosefictionistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral,thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.”可知科幻小說具有其他小說很多相同的特點，因此C選項“它與其他類型的散文小說有著共同的特點”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Inshort,thereasonsforreadingandenjoyingsciencefiction,andthewaysofstudyingandanalyzingit,arebasicallythesameastheywouldbeforanyotherstoryornovel.”總之，閱讀、欣賞科幻小說和任何其它故事或小說的原因以及研究和分析它們的方法基本上是同樣的，可推測出能欣賞散文小說的那些人也能欣賞科幻小說，因為閱讀它們的方法基本一樣，因此選D。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Andlikeanyprose,thethemesofsciencefictionareconcernedwithinterpretingman’snatureandexperienceinrelationtotheworldaroundhim.”

此外，與任何散文一樣，科幻小說的主題關(guān)注于解釋人類的本性以及人類與自身周圍世界有關(guān)的經(jīng)歷。因此A選項“發(fā)現(xiàn)意義”符合題意。

4.主旨大意題。文章主要講述了科幻小說的定義，并介紹了它的特點、主題以及與其他文學(xué)作品的相同點，因此選B。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines...Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansanddegradesaworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.”許多人似乎認為科幻小說的典型代表是一些廉價并且趣味低級的雜志的封面……這是不幸的，因為它貶低了一個有價值甚至重要的文學(xué)努力。可知作者認為人們對科幻小說的流行形象是有世俗偏見的，因此選A。

7.翻譯題

PutthefollowingIwopassagesintoChinese.

Eternaltruthswillbeneithertruenoreternalunlesstheyhavefreshmeaningforeverynewsocialsituation.Itisthefunctionofeducation,thefunctionofallofthegreatinstitutionsoflearningintheUnitedStales,toprovidecontinuityforournationallife—totransmittoyouththebestofourculturethathasbeentestedinthefireofhistory.Itisequallytheobligationofeducationtotrainthemindsandthetalentsofouryouth;toimprove,throughcreativecitizenship,ourAmericaninstitutionsinaccordwiththerequirementsofthefuture.Wecannotalwaysbuildthefutureforouryouth,butwecanbuildouryouthforthefuture.

Fameisverymuchlikeananimalchasingitstailwho,whenhecapturesit,doesnotknowwhatelsetodobuttocontinuechasingit.Fameandcelebritythataccompaniesit,forcethefamouspersontoparticipateinhisorherowndestruction.Ironic,isn’tit?Thosewhogainfamemostoftengainitasaresultofpossessingasingletalentorskill:singing,dancing,painting,orwriting,etc.Thesuccessfulperformerdevelopsastylethatismarketedaggressivelyandgainssomepopularity,anditisthispopularitythatusuallyconvincestheperformertocontinueperforminginthesamestyle,sincethatiswhatthepublicseemstowantandtoenjoy.Butintime,theperformerbecomesboredsingingthesamesongsinthesamewayyearafteryear,orthepainterbecomesboredpaintingsimilarscenesorportraits,ortheactoristiredofplayingthesamecharacterrepeatedly.Thedemandofthepublicholdstheartisttohisorherownsuccess,fame.Iftheartistattemptstochangehisorherstyleofwritingordancingorsinging,etc.,theaudiencemayturnawayandlooktoconferfameonanotherandthen,intime,onanother,andsoonandsoon.

【答案】永恒的真理如果不在新的社會形勢下賦予新的意義，它要么就不是真理，要么就不是永恒的。它是教育的功能，是美國所有偉大學(xué)府的功能，為我們國家的生活提供延續(xù)——把我們在歷史的烈火中經(jīng)受住考驗的精華文化傳給年輕人。教育同樣有責任培養(yǎng)我們青年一代的思想和才能；通過創(chuàng)造性的公民身份來改善我們美國的制度，使之符合未來的要求。我們不能為我們青年創(chuàng)造未來，但是我們能針對未來造就我們的青年。

名譽很像一只追逐自己尾巴的動物，在抓住之后除了繼續(xù)追逐外，不知道還有其它什么事可做。隨之而來的名望迫使名人參與到他/她自己的毀滅中。很諷刺，不是嗎？那些成名的人往往是因為擁有某種才能或技能：唱歌，跳舞，繪畫或者寫作等。成功的表演者發(fā)展成一種風格，在市場上非常受歡迎，正因為受歡迎，表演者繼續(xù)以同樣的風格表演，因為這似乎是公眾想要并且所欣賞的。但隨著時間的推移，表演者厭倦了年復(fù)一年地用同樣的方式唱同一首歌，畫家厭倦了畫同樣的場景或者肖像或者演員不想再重復(fù)出演同樣的角色。公眾的需求使藝術(shù)家得以成名。如果這個藝術(shù)家試圖改變他/她的寫作、跳舞或者歌唱風格等，觀眾可能會轉(zhuǎn)身把名譽給另外一個人，然后隨著時間的推移再給另一個人，如此反復(fù)下去。

8.單選題

Thispaperwillexaminerelevanttheoriesandresearchfindingsconcerninglisteningandsecondlanguageacquisitionandidentifyconditionsthatmay（）listening.

問題1選項

A.elevate

B.facilitate

C.stimulate

D.provoke

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。elevate"提升,舉起";facilitate"促進,幫助";stimulate"刺激,鼓舞,激勵";provoke"驅(qū)使,激怒,煽動"。句意：這篇論文將檢驗有關(guān)聽力和第二語言習(xí)得的相關(guān)理論和研究成果,并找出有助于聽力的條件。選項B正確。

9.單選題

Hewasayoungmanofbarelyeighteenyears,evidentlycountry（

）,andnow,asitseemed,onhisfirstvisittotown.

問題1選項

A.broughtup

B.bred

C.grownup

D.raised

【答案】B

【解析】bringup提出，教育，養(yǎng)育；breed養(yǎng)育，培育；growup成長，長大；raise提高，養(yǎng)育，上升。countrybred為常用短語，意為：鄉(xiāng)村長大的。所以選項B正確。

10.單選題

Academicintegrityisdeemedessentialtothosedevotedtoscientificresearches.

問題1選項

A.believed

B.discarded

C.advocated

D.confirmed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。deem表示“認為，相信”，bedeemedto表示“被認為”；A項believe“相信，信任”，B項discard“拋棄，放棄”，C項advocate“提倡，擁護”，D項confirm“確認，證實”。句意：學(xué)術(shù)誠信對于那些致力于科學(xué)研究的人來說是至關(guān)重要的。根據(jù)句意可知A項正確。

11.單選題

Itwasverydifficulttofindthepartsneededtodothejobbecauseofthe（）waythestorewasorganized.

問題1選項

A.logical

B.haphazard

C.orderly

D.tidy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。logical“有邏輯的”；haphazard“偶然的；隨意的”；orderly“有秩序的”；tidy“整潔的”。句意：找到這個工作所需要的零件很難，因為商店擺放的方式很隨意。選項B符合題意。

12.翻譯題

Thecarrot-and-sticktheoryofmotivation(likeNewtonianphysicaltheory)worksreasonablywellundercertaincircumstances.1.Themeansforsatisfyingman’sphysiologicaland(withinlimits),hissafetyneedscanbeprovidedorwithheldbymanagement.Employmentitselfissuchameansandsoarewages,workingconditionsandbenefits.Bythesemeanstheindividualcanbecontrolledsolongasheisstrugglingforsubsistence.

Butthecarrot-and-sticktheorydoesnotworkatalloncemanhasreachedanadequatesubsistencelevelandismotivatedprimarilybyhigherneeds.Managementcannotprovideamanwithself-respectorwiththerespectofhisfellows,orwiththesatisfactionofneedsforself-fulillment.2.Itcancreatesuchconditionsthatheisencouragedandenabledtoseeksuchsatisfactionsforhimself,oritcanthwarthimbyfailingtocreatethoseconditions.

Butthiscreationofconditionsisnot“control”.Itisnotagooddevicefordirectingbehavior.

Andsomanagementfindsitselfinanoddposition.Thehighstandardoflivingcreatedbyourmoderntechnologicalknow-howprovidesquiteadequatelyforthesatisfactionofphysiologicalandsafelyneeds.Theonlysignificantexceptioniswheremanagementpracticeshavenotcreatedconfidenceina“fairbreak”andthuswheresafetyneedsarethwarted.3.Butbymakingpossible

thesatisfactionoflow-levelneeds,managementhasdepriveditselfoftheabilitytouseasmotivatorsthedevicesonwhichconventionaltheoryhastaughtittorely-rewards,promises,incentives,orthreatsandothercoercivedevices.

4.Thephilosophyofmanagementbydirectionandcontrol—regardlessofwhetheritishardorsoft—isinadequatetomotivatebecausethehumanneedsonwhichthisapproachreliesaretodayunimportantmotivatorsofbehavior.Directionandcontrolareessentiallyuselessinmotivatingpeoplewhoseimportantneedsaresocialandegoistic.Boththehardandthesoftapproachfailtodaybecausetheyaresimplyirrelevanttothesituation.5.People,deprivedofopportunitiestosatisfyatworktheneedswhicharenowimportanttothem,behaveexactlyaswerightpredictwithindolence,passivity,resistancetochange,lackofresponsibility,willingnesstofollowthedemagogue,unreasonabledemandsforeconomicbenefits.Itwouldseemthatwearecaughtinawebofourownweaving.

【答案】1.【參考譯文】這是滿足人的生理和（在一定限度內(nèi)）安全需要的手段，可以由管理部門提供，也可以不提供。就業(yè)本身就是一種手段，工資、工作條件和福利也是如此。通過這些手段，只要一個人在為生存而掙扎，他就可以被控制。

2.【參考譯文】它可以創(chuàng)造這樣的條件，鼓勵并使他能夠為自己尋求這樣的滿足，也可以通過不創(chuàng)造這些條件來阻撓他。

3.【參考譯文】但是，通過滿足低層需求，管理者喪失了使用激勵器的能力，而傳統(tǒng)理論已將其作為獎勵、承諾、激勵或威脅以及其他強制性手段所依賴的手段。

4.【參考譯文】不管是硬還是軟，通過方向和控制進行管理的哲學(xué)都無法激發(fā)人們的積極性，因為如今這種方法所依賴的人類需求已不再是行為的重要推動者。

5.【參考譯文】人們被剝奪了在工作中滿足現(xiàn)在對他們來說很重要的需求的機會，他們表現(xiàn)得恰如我們所預(yù)料的那樣，表現(xiàn)為懶惰、消極、抵制變革、缺乏責任感、樂于追隨煽動者、對經(jīng)濟利益的不合理要求。

13.單選題

ItiscommonlybelievedintheUnitedStatesthatschooliswherepeoplegotogetaneducation.Nevertheless,ithasbeensaidthattodaychildreninterrupttheireducationtogotoschool.Thedistinctionbetweenschoolingandeducationimpliedbythisremarkisimportant.

Educationismuchmoreopen-endedandall-inclusivethanschooling.Educationknowsnobounds.Itcantakeplaceanywhere,whetherintheshoweroronthejob,whetherinakitchenoronatractor.Itincludesboththeformallearningthattakesplaceinschoolsandthewholeuniverseofinformallearning.Theagentsofeducationcanrangefromareveredgrandparenttothepeopledebatingpoliticsontheradio,fromachildtoadistinguishedscientist.Whereasschoolinghascertainpredictability,educationquiteoftenproducessurprises.Achanceconversationwithstrangermayleadapersontodiscoverhowlittleisknownofotherreligions.Peopleareengagedineducationfrominfancyon.Education,then,isaverybroad,inclusiveterm.Itisalifelongprocess,aprocessthatstartslongbeforethestartofschool,andonethatshouldbeanintegralpartofone’sentirelife.

Schooling,ontheotherhand,isspecific,formalizedprocess,whosegeneralpatternvarieslittlefromonesettingtothenext.Throughoutacountry,childrenarriveatschoolatapproximatelythesametime,takeassignedseats,aretaughtbyanadult,usesimilartextbooks,dohomework,takeexams,andsoon.Theslicesofrealitythataretobelearned,whethertheyarethealphabetoranunderstandingoftheworkingsofgovernment,haveusuallybeenlimitedbytheboundariesofthesubjectbeingtaught.Forexample,highschoolstudentsknowthattheyarenotlikelytofindoutintheirclassesthetruthaboutpoliticalproblemsintheircommunitiesorwhatthenewestfilmmakersareexperimentingwith.Therearedefiniteconditionssurroundingtheformalizedprocessofschooling.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

2.Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanbyusingtheexpression“Childreninterrupttheireducationtogotoschool”(Sent.2,Para.1)?

3.Thephrase“Forexample,”(Sent.4,Para.3),introducesasentencethatgivesexamplesof______.

4.Thepassagesupportswhichofthefollowingconclusions?

5.Thepassageisorganizedby______.

問題1選項

A.Thebestschoolsteachawidevarietyofsubjects.

B.Educationandschoolingarequitedifferentexperiences.

C.Studentsbenefitfromschools,whichrequirelonghoursandhomework.

D.Themoreyearsstudentsgotoschoolthebettertheireducationis.

問題2選項

A.Goingtoseveraldifferentschoolsiseducationallybeneficial.

B.Schoolvacationsinterruptthecontinuityoftheschoolyear.

C.Summerschoolmakestheschoolyeartoolong.

D.Alloflifeisaneducation.

問題3選項

A.similartextbooks

B.theresultsofschooling

C.theworkingsofagovernment

D.theboundariesofclassroomsubject

問題4選項

A.Withoutformaleducation,peoplewouldremainignorant.

B.Educationsystemsneedtoberadicallyreformed.

C.Goingtoschoolisonlypartofhowpeoplebecomeeducated.

D.Educationinvolvesmanyyearsofprofessionaltraining.

問題5選項

A.listinganddiscussingseveraleducationalproblems

B.contrastingthemeaningsoftworelatedwords

C.narratingastoryaboutexcellentteachers

D.givingexamplesofdifferentkindsofschools

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章開頭提出學(xué)校教育和教育之間的區(qū)別，接著分別介紹了兩者不同的特點。因此B選項“教育和學(xué)校教育是完全不同的經(jīng)歷”最能概括文章主旨。A選項“最好的學(xué)校教授各種各樣的科目”，C選項“學(xué)生從學(xué)校中受益，學(xué)校要求長時間的學(xué)習(xí)和家庭作業(yè)”，D選項“學(xué)生上學(xué)的年數(shù)越多，他們的教育就越好”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,C,D錯誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Nevertheless,ithasbeensaidthattodaychildreninterrupttheireducationtogotoschool.（而現(xiàn)在卻有人認為孩子們上學(xué)打斷了他們受教育的過程。），說明有些人認為教育是一個終身的過程，去學(xué)校上學(xué)反而打斷了這一過程。因此D選項“整個人生都是一種教育”正確。A選項“去幾個不同的學(xué)校在教育上是有益的”，B選項“學(xué)校放假打斷了學(xué)年的連續(xù)性”，C選項“暑期學(xué)校使學(xué)年太長”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,B,C錯誤。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第四句Forexample,highschoolstudentsknowthattheyarenotlikelytofindoutintheirclassesthetruthaboutpoliticalproblemsintheircommunitiesorwhatthenewestfilmmakersareexperimentingwith.（例如，高中生們知道，在課堂上他們沒法弄清楚他們社區(qū)里政治問題的真情，也不會了解到最新潮的電影制片人在做哪些嘗試。），該句Forexample之后列舉的例子是為了說明前文的haveusuallybeenlimitedbytheboundariesofthesubjectbeingtaught（往往受到了學(xué)科范圍的限制）。因此D選項“課堂學(xué)科的限制”正確。A選項“類似的教科書”，B選項“學(xué)校教育的結(jié)果”，C選項“一個政府的工作方式”均不符合題意，所以A,B,C錯誤。

4.推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了學(xué)校教育和教育的區(qū)別，學(xué)校教育只是教育的一部分，除此之外人們還有許多其他接受教育的形式。因此C選項“上學(xué)只是人們受教育方式的一部分”正確。A選項“沒有正規(guī)的教育，人們就會保持無知”，B選項“教育系統(tǒng)需要進行徹底的改革”，D選項“教育涉及多年的專業(yè)培訓(xùn)”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,B,D錯誤。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。結(jié)合全文來看，作者首先提出教育和學(xué)校教育兩個相關(guān)的概念，接著分別介紹了它們的特點和區(qū)別，所以本文的行文線索是對比教育和學(xué)校教育這兩個相關(guān)詞匯的概念。因此B選項“對比兩個相關(guān)詞匯的含義”正確。A選項“列出并討論了幾個教育問題”，C選項“敘述了一個關(guān)于優(yōu)秀教師的故事”，D選項“舉例說明不同類型的學(xué)?！痹谖闹芯鶝]有提及，所以A,C,D錯誤。

14.單選題

Psychologistshavelongarguedabouttherelativeimportanceofgeneticsandenvironmentindetermininghumanintelligence（）anissuethatissometimesreferredtoasthe"nature"vs.debate.

問題1選項

A.“growth”

B.“nurture”

C.“promotion”

D.“creation”

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。growth“增長，發(fā)展，生長”;nurture“養(yǎng)育，教養(yǎng)”；promotion“提升”;creation“創(chuàng)造”。根據(jù)geneticsandenvironment（遺傳與環(huán)境）與naturevs.___的對應(yīng)關(guān)系可知“養(yǎng)育”符合，因此選項B符合題意。句意：心理學(xué)家們對遺傳和環(huán)境在決定人類智力上的相對重要性長期以來都有爭論，即一個有時被稱為“自然”對比“培育”的辯論。

15.單選題

Doctorsareinterestedinusinglasersasasurgicaltoolinoperationsonpeoplewhoare（

）toheartattack.

問題1選項

A.prone

B.disposed

C.infectious

D.accessible

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。prone“有…傾向的，易于…的”；disposed“有...傾向的”；infectious“傳染的”；accessible“易接近的”。句意：醫(yī)生們在對易于患心臟病的病人進行外科手術(shù)時，熱衷于使用激光作為手術(shù)工具。選項A符合題意。

16.單選題

JoyceCarolOatespublishedherfirstcollectionofshortstoriesByTheNorthGates,in1963,twoyearsaftershehadreceivedherMaster’sdegreefromtheUniversityofWisconsinandbecomeaninstructorofEnglishattheUniversityofDetroit.Herlineproductivitysincethenhasbeenprodigious,accumulatinginlessthantwodecadestonearlythirtytitles,includingnovels,collectionsofshortstoriesandverse,plays,andliterarycriticism.Inthemeantime,shehascontinuedtoteach,movingin1967fromtheUniversityofDetroittotheUniversityofWindsor,inOntario,andin1978toPrincetonUniversity.Reviewershaveadmiredherenormousenergy,butfindaproductivityofsuchmagnitudedifficulttoassess.

InaperiodcharacterizedbytheabandonmentofsomuchoftherealistictraditionbyauthorssuchasJohnBarth,DonaldBarthelme,andThomasPynchon,JoyceCarolOateshasseemedattimesdeterminedlyold-fashionedinherinsistenceontheessentiallymimeticqualityofherfiction.Hersisaworldofviolence,insanity,fracturedlove,andhopelessloneliness.Althoughsomeofitappearstocomefromherowndirectobservations,herdreams,andherfears,muchmoreisclearlyformtheexperienceofothers.Herfirstnovel,WithShudderingFall(1964),dealtwithstockcarracing,thoughshehadneverseenarace.InThem(1969)shefocusedonDetroitfromtheDepressionthroughtheriotsof1967,drawingmuchofhermaterialfromtheDepressionmadeonherbytheproblemsofoneofherstudents.Whateverthesourceandhowevershockingtheeventsorthemotivations,however,herfictiveworldremainsstrikinglyakintothatrealonereflectedinthedailynewspapers,thetelevisionnewsandtalkshows,andthepopularmagazinesofourday.

1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingdoesthepassageindicateaboutJoyceCarolOates’sfirstpublication?

3.WhichofthefollowingdoesthepassagesuggestaboutJoyceCarolOatesintermsofherwritingcareer?

4.WhatwasthesubjectofJoyceCarolOates’sfirstnovel?

5.WhichofthefollowingwouldJoyceCarolOatesbemostlikelytowrite?

問題1選項

A.ToreviewOates’sBytheNorthGate.

B.Tocomparesomemodernwriters.

C.TodescribeOates’schildhood.

D.TooutlineOates’scareer.

問題2選項

A.Itwaspartofhermaster’sthesis.

B.Itwasavolumeofshortfiction.

C.Itwasnotsuccessful.

D.Itwasaboutan