考研考博-英語-四川工業(yè)科技學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川工業(yè)科技學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

ChinaDreamistheguidingideologyputforwardbyPresidentXiJinping.HebelievesthatitisthegreatestdreamoftheChinesenationinmoderntimes,andstatesthatthedreamcandefinitelyberealizeD.ThecoreobjectiveofChinaDreamistoachievethegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation.Tobemorespecific,thatistorealizenationalprosperityandrejuvenation,aswellasthewell-beingofpeople.Anditsfundamentalrequirementistobuildawell-offsocietyinanall-roundway.Onlywhenthecountryisdevelopedcomprehensivelyandscientifically,canindividualsrealizetheirdreams.Similarly,onlywheneveryoneisfullofpassion,canChinaDreambebeautiful.

【答案】中國夢，是習(xí)近平主席提出的指導(dǎo)思想。他認為，這是近代以來中華民族最偉大的夢想，這個夢想一定能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)。中國夢的核心目標是實現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興。具體來說，就是要實現(xiàn)國家富強、民族振興、人民幸福。其根本要求是全面建設(shè)小康社會。只有國家全面科學(xué)發(fā)展，個人才能實現(xiàn)自己的夢想。同樣，只有每個人都充滿激情，中國夢才會美麗。

2.單選題

PreviousresearchbyscientistsfromKeilUniversityinGermanymonitoredAdeliepenguinsandnotedthatthebirds'heartratesincreaseddramaticallyatthesightofahumanasfaras30metersaway.Butnewresearchusinganartificialegg,whichisequippedtomeasureheartrates,disputesthis.ScientistsfromtheScottPolarResearchInstituteatCambridgesaythataslowmovinghumanwhodoesnotapproachthenesttooclosely,isnotperceivedasathreatbypenguins.

Theearlierfindingshavebeenusedtopartlyexplainthe20percentdropinpopulationsofcertaintypesofpenguinsneartouristsites.However,touroperatorshavecontinuedtoinsistthattheiractivitiesdonotadverselyaffectwildlifeinAntarctica,sayingtheyencouragenon-disruptivebehaviorintourists,andthatthedeclineinpenguinnumbersiscausedbyotherfactors.

AmandaNimonoftheScottPolarResearchInstitutespentthreesouthernhemispheresummersatCuvervilleIslandinAntarcticastudyingpenguinbehaviortowardshumans."Anestingpenguinwillreactverydifferentlytoapersonrapidlyandcloselyapproachingthenest,"saysNimon."Firsttheyexhibitlargeandprolongedheartratechangesandthentheyoftenfleethenestleavingitopenforpredators（捕食者）toflyinandremoveeggsorchicks."Theartificialegg,speciallydevelopedfortheproject,monitoredboththeparentwhohadbeendisturbedwhentheeggwasplacedinthenestandtheotherparentastheybothtookitinturnstoguardthenest.

However,BorisCulik,whomonitoredtheAdeliepenguins,believesthatNimon'sfindingsdonotinvalidatehisownresearch.Hepointsoutthatspeciesbehavedifferently一andNimon'sworkwaswithGentoopenguins.NimonandhercolleaguesbelievethatCulik'sresearchwasmethodologicallyflawedbecausethemonitoringofpenguins,responsesentailedcapturingandrestrainingthebirdsandfittingthemwithheart-ratetransmitters.Therefore,arguesNimon,itwouldnotbesurprisingiftheybecamestressedonseeingahumansubsequently.

1.PreviousresearchbyGermanscientistshasshownthat（）.

2.AnewfindinginrecentresearchbyBritishscientistsisthat（）.

3.Anartificialeggisusedinthenewresearchinorderto（）.

4.AccordingtoNimon,theconductorofthenewresearch,acomparisonoftheoldandthenewresearchrevealsthat（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichfactoristhemostimportantinfluenceforpenguins'sheartrates?

問題1選項

A.theheartrateofpenguinsinAntarcticaisincreasing

B.penguinsaredisturbedbythepresenceofahuman

C.thenumberofpenguinsinAntarcticaisdeclining

D.penguinsofdifferentspeciesbehavedifferently

問題2選項

A.penguinsneartouristsitesinAntarcticahavebeendisruptedbythetouristactivities

B.penguinparentsbothtaketurntoguardtheirnestandlookaftertheireggsorchicks

C.penguinsarenotthreatenedbyahumanwhoapproachesthenestslowlyanddistantly

D.penguinsabandonthenestleavingeggsorchicksunprotectedwheneverseeingahuman

問題3選項

A.observepenguins'heartrates

B.exchangeforarealpenguinegg

C.monitorthehatchofpenguineggs

D.measurepenguins,bodytemperature

問題4選項

A.thetworesearchesproducedcontradictorybutbothvalidfindingsfortheywerebasedondifferentspeciesofpenguin

B.thetworesearchesproducedcompatibleandcomplementaryfindingsfortheystudieddifferentspeciesofpenguin

C.theoldresearchwasunreliableforithadscaredpenguinsandchangedtheirlaterbehaviorbyfittingamonitoronthem

D.thenewresearchrevealspenguinsneedbetterprotectionfromtourists

問題5選項

A.Climatechange.

B.Touristactivities.

C.Scientificresearch.

D.Notfirmlyknownyet.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“German”定位到第一段首句“Previousresearch...notedthatthebirds'heartratesincreaseddramaticallyatthesightofahumanasfaras30metersaway.”他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，遠在30米之外的企鵝看到人類時，它們的心率會急劇上升。選項A符合原文。

2.細節(jié)事實題。原文中并沒有出現(xiàn)British，但可以看到第一段的尾句中的Cambridge可定位答案?！?..aslowmovinghumanwhodoesnotapproachthenesttooclosely,isnotperceivedasathreatbypenguins.”行動緩慢、不太靠近巢穴的人類不會被企鵝視為威脅。選項C符合原文。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“artificialegg”定位到第一段第二句“Butnewresearchusinganartificialegg,whichisequippedtomeasureheartrates,disputesthis.”由此可知，選項A符合原文。

4.細節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)最后一段的第三句“Nimonandhercolleaguesbelieve...withheart-ratetransmitters.”Nimon和她的同事認為，Culik的研究在方法論上是有缺陷的，因為對企鵝的監(jiān)控和反應(yīng)需要捕捉和控制企鵝，并給它們安裝心率發(fā)射器。選項C符合原文。

5.細節(jié)推理題。文章對企鵝是否會因為游客而受到影響這個問題進行了討論。通讀全文可知文章并沒有得出什么具體的影響因素的結(jié)論。所以選項D正確。

3.單選題

Withthenumberofprivatecarsincreasing,themainstreetsareoften___duringtherushhour.

問題1選項

A.clattered

B.propped

C.clogged

D.hindered

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項clattered“發(fā)出嘩啦聲；喧鬧的談笑”；B選項propped“支撐；放置；用……撐?。澄铮?；（馬等挺直前腿）驟?！?；C選項clogged“阻塞；障礙（表示交通堵塞）”；D選項hindered“阻礙；打擾（讓某人做某事或某事發(fā)生困難）”。句意：隨著私家車數(shù)量的增加，主要街道在高峰時間經(jīng)常___。本句表達“主街道竟然在高峰期堵塞”，因此C選項正確。

4.單選題

Withtheincreasingunemploymentrate,femaleworkerswhoare45to55yearsoldareusuallythefirsttobe（

）.

問題1選項

A.laidaside

B.laidup

C.laidout

D.laidoff

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞組辨析題。layaside“放棄（某種習(xí)慣），積蓄（金錢），把…放在一邊”；layup“放置不用，貯存，儲蓄，使（某人）待在床上或室內(nèi)”；layout“設(shè)計;展示，安排”；layoff“暫時解雇，裁員，停止工作”；根據(jù)句意‘隨著失業(yè)率不斷上升，45-55歲的女性工人通常最先被（

）。’確定D選項正確。

5.單選題

Bringingupchildrenisahardwork,andyouareoftentoblameforanybadbehaviorofyourchildren.Ifso,JudithRichHarrishasgoodnewsforyou.Parents,sheargues,havenoimportantlong-termeffectsonthedevelopmentofthepersonalityoftheirchildren.Farmoreimportantaretheirplaygroundfriendsandneighborhood.Ms.Harristakestohittingtheassumption,whichhasdominateddevelopmentalpsychologyforalmosthalfacentury.

Ms.Harris’sattackonthedevelopmentalists’“nature”argumentlookslikelytoreinforcedoubtsthattheprofessionwasalreadyhaving.Ifparentsmatter,whyisitthattwoadoptedchildren,rearedinthesamehome,arenomoresimilarinpersonalitythantwoadoptedchildrenrearedinseparatehomes?Orthatapairofidenticaltwins,rearedinthesamehome,arenomorealikethanapairofidenticaltwinsrearedindifferenthomes?

Difficultasitistotrackthepreciseeffectsofparentalupbringing,itmaybehardertomeasuretheexactinfluenceofthepeer(同齡人)groupinchildhoodandadolescence.Ms.Harrispointstohowchildrenfromimmigranthomessoonlearnnottospeakatschoolinthewaytheirparentsspeak.Butacquiringalanguageissurelyaskill,ratherthanacharacteristicofthesortdevelopmentalpsychologistshuntfor.Certainlyitisdifferentfromgrowinguptenselyorrelaxed,orfromlearningtobehonestorhard-workingorgenerous.Easythoughitmaybetoprovethatparentshavelittleimpactonthosequalities,itwillbehardtoprovethatpeershavevastlymore.

Moreover,mumanddadsurelycannotbeditchedcompletely.Youngadultsmay,asMs.Harrisargues,bekeentoappearliketheirpeers.Buteveninthoseearlyyears,parentshavethepowertoopendoors:theymayinitiallychoosethepeerswithwhomtheiryoungassociate,andpickthatinfluentialneighborhood.Moreover,mostpeoplesuspectthattheycometoresembletheirparentsmoreinmiddleage,andthatpeople’schildbearinghabitsmaybeformedpartlybywhattheirparentsdid.Sothebalanceofinfluencesisprobablycomplicated,asmostparentsalreadysuspectedwithoutbeingabletodemonstrateitscientifically.Evenifitturnsoutthatthegenestheypassonandthefriendstheirchildrenplaywithmatterasmuchasaffection,disciplineandgoodexample,parentsarenotcompletelyoffthehook.

1.AccordingtoMs.Harris,______.

2.Whichofthefollowingviewsisconsistentwithwhatthedevelopmentalistshold?

3.AccordingtoPara.3,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

4.Theword“ditched”couldbebestreplacedby______.

5.Whatistheauthor’smainpurpose?

問題1選項

A.parentsaretoblameforanybadbehavioroftheirchildren

B.parentswillaffectgreatlythechildren’slifeinthelongrun

C.natureratherthannurturehasasignificanteffectonchildren’spersonalitydevelopment

D.children’spersonalityisshapedbytheirfriendsandneighbors

問題2選項

A.Childrenaremoreinfluencedbytheirpeersthanbytheirparents.

B.Twinsarequitedifferentiftheyarerearedintwoseparatefamilies.

C.Identicaltwinsrearedinthesamehomearedifferentinpersonality.

D.Nurturehasalesssignificanteffectonchildren’spersonalitydevelopment.

問題3選項

A.Itishardertotrackthepreciseeffectsofparentalupbringingthantheexactinfluenceofthepeergroupinchildren.

B.Immigrantchildrentendtodiscardthewaytheirparentsspeakquicklywhentheygotoschool.

C.Ithasbeenprovedthatpeershavemoreimpactonchildren’squalitiessuchastobehonestorhard-workingorgenerous.

D.Itiseasierforchildrentoacquirealanguageatschoolthanathome.

問題4選項

A.proved

B.emphasized

C.compared

D.ignored

問題5選項

A.TohighlypraiseMs.Harris’swork.

B.TocounterMs.Harris’swork.

C.ToobjectivelyreportonMs.Harris’swork.

D.TocriticallycommentonMs.Harris’swork.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第三、四句Parents,sheargues,havenoimportantlong-termeffectsonthedevelopmentofthepersonalityoftheirchildren.Farmoreimportantaretheirplaygroundfriendsandneighborhood.（她認為，父母對孩子個性的發(fā)展沒有重要的長期影響。更重要的是他們在操場上的朋友和鄰居。），說明哈里斯女士認為孩子的個性塑造受到朋友和鄰居的影響。因此D選項“孩子的個性是由他們的朋友和鄰居塑造的”正確。A選項“父母應(yīng)該為他們孩子的任何不良行為負責(zé)”，B選項“從長遠來看，父母將極大地影響孩子的人生”，C選項“天生的而不是后天的因素對孩子的個性發(fā)展有很大的影響”均與原文意思相反，所以A,B,C錯誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第一句Ms.Harris’sattackonthedevelopmentalists’“nature”argumentlookslikelytoreinforcedoubtsthattheprofessionwasalreadyhaving.（哈里斯女士對發(fā)展主義者的“自然”論點的攻擊似乎加深了人們對這一職業(yè)已經(jīng)存在的懷疑。），說明哈里斯女士和發(fā)展主義者的觀點截然不同，哈里斯女士認為孩子的個性塑造受到朋友和鄰居的影響，而發(fā)展主義者強調(diào)父母對孩子的影響，認為教育對孩子的影響更大，所以A選項“孩子受同齡人的影響比受父母的影響更大”，D選項“天生的因素對孩子個性發(fā)展的影響不大”不屬于發(fā)展主義者的觀點，A,D錯誤。由于哈里斯女士所舉的雙胞胎例子與發(fā)展主義者的觀點相反，那么后者的觀點應(yīng)該是：雙胞胎在同一個家庭長大則個性相同，在不同的家庭長大個性會有很大的差異，所以C選項“在同一家庭中長大的同卵雙胞胎在性格上是不同的”錯誤。因此B選項“如果雙胞胎在兩個不同的家庭中長大，他們就會有很大不同”正確。

3.客觀細節(jié)題。A選項“追蹤父母教養(yǎng)的確切影響比追蹤同齡人群體對孩子的確切影響更難”，由原文Difficultasitistotrackthepreciseeffectsofparentalupbringing,itmaybehardertomeasuretheexactinfluenceofthepeergroupinchildhoodandadolescence.（雖然很難追蹤父母教養(yǎng)的確切影響，但要衡量同齡人群體在童年和青春期的確切影響可能更困難。）可知后者更難，所以A錯誤。C選項“事實證明，同齡人對兒童的品質(zhì)，如誠實、勤奮、慷慨等方面的影響更大”，由原文Easythoughitmaybetoprovethatparentshavelittleimpactonthosequalities,itwillbehardtoprovethatpeershavevastlymore.（盡管要證明父母對這些品質(zhì)的影響很小很容易，但要證明同齡人對這些品質(zhì)的影響要大得多卻很難。）可知，很難證明同齡人對這些品質(zhì)的影響更大，所以C錯誤。D選項“兒童在學(xué)校比在家里更容易掌握一種語言”在文中沒有提及，所以D錯誤。B選項“移民的孩子在上學(xué)時往往會很快拋棄他們父母的說話方式”，由原文Ms.Harrispointstohowchildrenfromimmigranthomessoonlearnnottospeakatschoolinthewaytheirparentsspeak.（哈里斯指出，來自移民家庭的孩子在學(xué)校很快就學(xué)會了不像父母那樣說話。）可知，移民的孩子在學(xué)校很快就會拋棄父母的說話方式，所以B正確。

4.語義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“ditched”可以定位到文章第四段第一句Moreover,mumanddadsurelycannotbeditchedcompletely.（此外，父母當(dāng)然不能被完全拋棄。），說明不能完全忽視父母的影響，可以推斷出“ditched”在文中是指“忽視”的意思。因此D選項“忽視”正確。A選項“證明”，B選項“強調(diào)”，C選項“比較”均不符合題意，所以A,B,C錯誤。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。結(jié)合全文來看，作者基本上同意哈里斯女士的觀點，即家長對孩子的影響并不是人們所認為的那么重要，影響孩子成長的還有外界的因素。但作者在第三段中提到，哈里斯女士在說明問題時所舉的例子不恰當(dāng)，因為它強調(diào)了技能而不是個性，接著在第四段中說到，雖然孩子們極力要向他們的同齡人看齊，但家長們對他們的早期影響是不可忽視的，說明作者對哈里斯女士觀點的態(tài)度是批判性的。因此D選項“對哈里斯女士的工作進行批判性評論”正確。A選項“高度贊揚哈里斯女士的工作”，B選項“反駁哈里斯女士的工作”，作者沒有完全絕對地贊同或反對哈里斯女士的觀點，所以A、B錯誤。C選項“客觀地報告哈里斯女士的工作”，作者除了客觀介紹了哈里斯女士的觀點之外，也提出了自己的主觀看法，所以C錯誤。

6.單選題

Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.ThinkofGallileo's17thcenturytrialforhisrebellingbeliefbeforetheCatholicChurchorpoetWilliamBlake’sharshremarksagainstthemechanisticworldviewofIsaacNewton.Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanities,ifanything,deepenedinthe20thcentury.

Untilrecently,thescientificcommunitywassopowerfulthatitcouldaffordtoignoreitscritics—butnolonger.Asfundingforsciencehasdeclined,scientistshaveattacked“antiscience”inseveralbooks,notablyHigherSuperstitionbyPaulR.Gross,abiologistattheUniversityofVirginia,andNormanLevitt,amathematicianatRutgersUniversity:andTheDemon-hauntedWorld,byCarlSaganofCornelUniversity.

Defendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsatmeetingssuchas“TheFlightfromScienceandReason,”heldinNewYorkCityin1995,and“ScienceintheAgeofInformation,”whichassembledlastJunenearBuffalo.

Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologists,philosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedinscience’sobjectivity.Saganismoreconcernedwiththosewhobelieveinghosts,creationismandotherphenomenathatcontradictthescientificworldview.

Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthattheantisciencetaghasbeenattachedtomanyothergroupsaswell,fromauthoritieswhoadvocatedtheeliminationofthelastremainingstocksofsmallpoxvirustoRepublicanswhoadvocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch.

FewwoulddisputethatthetermappliestotheUnabomber,whosemanifesto,publishedin1995,scornsscienceandlongsforreturntoapre-technologicalutopia.Butsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareantiscience,asanessayinUSNews&WorldReportlastMayseemedtosuggest.

Theenvironmentalists,inevitably,respondtosuchcritics.Thetrueenemiesofscience,arguesPaulEhrlishofStanfordUniversity,apioneerofenvironmentalstudies,arethosewhoquestiontheevidencesupportingglobalwarming,thedepletionoftheozonelayerandotherconsequencesofindustrialgrowth.

Indeed,someobserversfearthattheantiscienceepithetisindangerofbecomingmeaningless.“Theterm‘a(chǎn)ntiscience’canlumptogethertoomany,quitedifferentthing,”notesHarvardUniversityphilosopherGeraldHoltoninhis1993workScienceandAnti-science.“Theyhaveincommononlyonethingthattheytendtoannoyorthreatenthosewhoregardthemselvesasmoreenlightened.”

1.Theword“schism”(Paragraph1)inthecontextprobablymeans().

2.Paragraphs2and3arewrittento().

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.TheauthortakesPaulR.Gross’bookHigherSuperstitionasanillustrationtoshowthat().

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheissueof“sciencevs.antiscience”is().

問題1選項

A.confrontation

B.dissatisfaction

C.separation

D.contempt

問題2選項

A.discussthecauseofthedeclineofscience’spower

B.showtheauthor’ssympathywithscientists

C.explainthewayinwhichsciencedevelops

D.exemplifythedivisionofscienceandthehumanities

問題3選項

A.Environmentalistswereblamedforantiscienceinanessay.

B.Politiciansarenotsubjectivetothelabelingofantiscience.

C.The“moreenlightened”tendtotagothersasantiscience.

D.Taggingenvironmentalistsas“antiscience”isjustifiable.

問題4選項

A.traditionalculturewouldgreatlyaffectthedevelopmentofscience

B.scienceisnolongervulnerabletobeattacked

C.differentpeoplemayhavedifferentinterpretationonscience

D.scientificcommunityhasbecomepowerfulenoughtodefendanycriticsagainstscience

問題5選項

A.impartial

B.subjective

C.biased

D.puzzling

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第一句話“Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.”科學(xué)與文化其他方面的關(guān)系一直都很緊張,以及后面的舉例可知,20世紀,科學(xué)和人文之間的分歧加深了。confrontation對抗；dissatisfaction不滿；separation分歧,裂痕；contempt蔑視。選項A和選項C意思差不多,但注意句子中的措辭用的是deepened,所以選項C更符合語境。

2.第二段指出,科學(xué)界如此之強大以至于可以對批評者置之不理——但現(xiàn)在不同了。由于科學(xué)經(jīng)費減少,科學(xué)家開始著書抨擊“反科學(xué)”傾向；第三段指出,科學(xué)的擁護者也在一些會議上表達了他們的擔(dān)憂。根據(jù)第一段提到的科學(xué)和人文之間的分歧加深,由此推斷第二段和第三段主要是舉例說明科學(xué)和人文的分歧。選項D正確。

3.根據(jù)第六段的第二句“Butsurelythat...seemedtosuggest.”,當(dāng)然,這并不意味著,對不加控制的工業(yè)發(fā)展表示擔(dān)憂的環(huán)保主義者也是反科學(xué)的,而去年5月份刊登在《美國新聞和世界報導(dǎo)》的一篇文章卻似乎暗示是這么回事。選項A一篇文章指責(zé)環(huán)境保護者為反科學(xué)者,正確；根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容,反科學(xué)的標簽也貼在了許多其他群體上,從提倡消滅最后殘存的天花病毒庫的官方人士到倡議削減基礎(chǔ)研究基金的共和黨人。這里面包含了政黨人,所以選項B表述錯誤。選項C在文中沒有提及。選項D給環(huán)境保護者貼上“反科學(xué)”的標簽是有道理的,錯誤。

4.根據(jù)第四段的一二句“Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologists,philosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedinscience’sobjectivity.”反科學(xué)對不同的人有不同的含義。格羅斯和萊維特主要挑那些質(zhì)疑科學(xué)客觀性的社會學(xué)家、哲學(xué)家和其他學(xué)者的毛病。選項C符合原文。

5.作者只是客觀地敘述了科學(xué)和人文學(xué)科之間的分歧,在文中沒有發(fā)表任何自己的看法或態(tài)度,所以作者的態(tài)度是客觀公正的。選項A正確。impartial公平公正的；subjective主觀的；biased有偏見的；puzzling疑惑的。

7.單選題

Trynottosayanythinghurtfultoher.Sheisavery（

）person.

問題1選項

A.sensible

B.sensitive

C.tough

D.reasonable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項sensible“明智的，合乎情理的”；B選項sensitive“敏感的，易受影響的”；C選項tough“堅強的，強壯的”；D選項reasonable“合理的”。句意：不要說任何傷害她的話。她是非常（）的人。根據(jù)前面一句，不要說任何傷害她的話，所以可以推測“她”可能會比較敏感，所以答案選B。

8.單選題

Standingatthetopofthemountain,wewatchedthefog（）fromthevalleybelow;itseemedthatwehadenteredafairyland.

問題1選項

A.descend

B.decrease

C.ascend

D.increase

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項descend“下降；遺傳”；B選項decrease“減??；減少”；C選項ascend“上升；攀登”；D選項increase“增加；增大”。句意：站在山頂，我們看著霧從下面的山谷……，我們好像進入了一個仙境。形容云霧繚繞，霧應(yīng)該是從下方升起的，故選C。

9.單選題

Afterdoingoddjobsforaweek,hegota（

）positionasanoffice-boy.

問題1選項

A.permanent

B.sufficient

C.transparent

D.universal

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。permanent“永久的；不變的”；sufficient“足夠的，充分的”；transparent“透明的”；universal“普遍的”。句意：做了一個星期臨時工后，他得到了一份辦公室固定的工作。選項A符合題意。

10.單選題

People（）fromworkweretobehelpeduntiltheyfoundnewjobs.

問題1選項

A.laidoff

B.laidon

C.laidaside

D.laidback

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項layoff“解雇，休息”；B選項layon“安裝，提供”；C選項layaside“擱置，儲蓄，留存”；D選項layback“躺下休息”。根據(jù)句意“被解雇（下崗）的人們將得到幫助，直到他們找到新的工作。”選項A符合句意。

11.單選題

Inordertorepairbarns,buildfence,growcropandcareforanimals,afarmermustindeedbe______.

問題1選項

A.restless

B.ceaseless

C.available

D.versatile

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。restless“焦躁不安的”；ceaseless“不斷的”；available“可獲得的”；versatile“多才多藝的”。句意：為了修復(fù)谷倉，建造柵欄，種植作物和照顧動物，農(nóng)民需要學(xué)會各種技能。選項D符合題意。

12.單選題

Hawaii’snativeminorityisdemandingagreaterdegreeofsovereigntyoveritsownaffairs.Butmuchofthearchipelago’spoliticalestablishment,whichincludesthewhiteAmericanswhodominateduntiltheSecondWorldWarandpeopleofJapanese,ChineseandFilipinoorigin,isopposedtotheidea.

TheislandswereannexedbytheU.S.in1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless,sufferhigherlevelsofunemploymentandtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians.TheyaretheonlymajorU.S.nativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.

ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.

However,theHawaiiannativesarenotunitedintheirdemands.Somejustwantgreaterautonomywithinthestate—asenjoyedbymanyAmericanIndiannativesovermatterssuchaseducation.ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresenttonatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.MoreambitiousistheKaLahuigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheU.S.

ButifHawaiiannativesaregivengreaterautonomy,itisfarfromclearhowmanypeoplethiswillapplyto.Thestateauthoritiesonlycountasnativethosepeoplewithmorethan50percentHawaiianblood.

Nativedemandsarenotjustbasedonpoliticalgrievances,though.Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacing.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacingmostoppositionfromthestateauthorities.In1933,thestategovernmentpaidtheOHAU.S.$136millioninbackrentonthecrownlandandmanyofficialssaythatbyacceptingthispaymenttheagencyhasgivenupitsclaimstolegallyowntheland.TheOHAhasvigorouslydisputedthis.

1.Hawaii’snativeminorityrefersto（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueoftheHawaiiannatives?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNottrueofJohnWaihee?

4.Whichofthefollowinggroupsholdsalessradicalattitudeonthematterofsovereignty?

5.VariousnativeHawaiiansdemandallthefollowingExcept（）.

問題1選項

A.Hawaii’sethnicgroups

B.peopleofFilipinoorigin

C.theKaLahuigroup

D.peoplewith50%Hawaiianblood

問題2選項

A.Sixtypercentofthemarehomelessorunemployed.

B.Theirlifespanis5yearsshorterthanaverageAmericans.

C.TheirlifeisworsethanthatofotherethnicgroupsinHawaii.

D.Theyaretheonlynativegroupwithoutsovereignty.

問題3選項

A.HeisHawaiifirstnativegovernor.

B.Hehassetupasovereigntyadvisorycommittee.

C.Hesuggestedthenativepeopledecideforthemselves.

D.Heisleadingthelocalindependencemovement.

問題4選項

A.AmericanIndiannatives.

B.OfficeofHawaiianAffairs.

C.TheKaLahuigroup.

D.TheHawaiiannatives.

問題5選項

A.agreaterautonomywithinthestate

B.morebackrentonthecrownland

C.aclaimontheHawaiiancrownland

D.fullindependencefromtheU.S.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Hawaii’snativeminority可以定位到文章第二段第一句“TheislandswereannexedbytheU.S.,in1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeopleshavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.”，中文翻譯為：這個群島于1898年被美國吞并，從那時起，夏威夷土著居民的遭遇比其他種族群體的遭遇更為悲慘?？梢耘袛嘀挥蠥項“夏威夷的種族群體”正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到原文第二段“…sincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.”，中文大意為：自那以后，夏威夷的土著居民比其他種族的境況更糟糕。C選項正確，符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由A，B，C選項可定位到原文第三段中“ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.”，中文翻譯為：由夏威夷的第一位本土官員JohnWaihee成立的主權(quán)咨詢委員會對土著居民的事件起到了推動作用，該委員會建議夏威夷土著居民應(yīng)該自主決定是否需要重新成立一個夏威夷主權(quán)國家。判斷A，B，C選項正確，排除；D選項在文章內(nèi)沒有相關(guān)信息介紹，故選D。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“alessradicalattitude”可以定位到文章第四段第三句“ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresentthenatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.”，中文翻譯為：這是夏威夷事務(wù)辦公室（OHA）支持的態(tài)度，OHA作為一個國家機關(guān)成立于1978年，代表著當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣竦睦妫缃裨诿鎸ν林用裰鳈?quán)運動上保持著溫和的態(tài)度。故選B。

5.細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到原文最后一段“Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.”，中文翻譯為：他們還希望能夠要回66萬公頃的夏威夷公有土地?？芍耐氖窍朊绹姓J其所有權(quán)而不僅僅是更多的租金。因此B選項“更多的拖欠皇家土地的租金”符合題意。

13.單選題

Hehasbeen______ofmurderingtheJapanesevisitor.

問題1選項

A.blamed

B.charged

C.accused

D.arrested

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.blamed責(zé)怪；指責(zé)B.charged收（費）；控訴

C.accused控告；控訴D.arrested逮捕；拘留

【答案】C

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息murderingtheJapanesevisitor（謀殺日本游客）可推知，空格處應(yīng)該填入“指控、控訴”，而由介詞of可知，beaccusedof是固定用法，表示“被指控”，故該題選擇C項。

【干擾項排除】

A項不符合句意；

B項要與with搭配，chargesb.withsth.表示“控告某人某事”；

D項要與for搭配使用，arrestsb.forsth.表示“因某事逮捕某人”。

【句意】他被指控謀殺了那名日本游客。

14.單選題

Mostpeoplecan'tget______thedaywithoutatleastonecupofteaorcoffee.

問題1選項

A.on

B.through

C.over

D.by

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。geton“上車；進展”；getthrough“通過；度過”；getover“克服；恢復(fù)”；getby“獲得認可”。句意：如果一杯咖啡都不喝的話，大多數(shù)人都不能度過一天。因此B選項符合題意。

15.單選題

10.

問題1選項

A.Shemarriedbecauseofloneliness.

B.Shemarriedamillionaire.

C.Shemarriedformoney.

D.Shemarriedforlove.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Cindyjustgotdivorced.

M:Sosoon!Shegotmarriedonlylastsummer.

W:Well,shefoundoutthatherhusbandwasnotthemillionaireshethoughthewas.

Q:WhatdoesthewomanimplyaboutCindy?

【解析】推斷題。女士說：shefoundoutthatherhusbandwasnotthemillionaireshethoughthewas，即Cindy離婚的原因是發(fā)現(xiàn)丈夫沒有想象得那么有錢。

16.單選題

The____ofwomentomenatmycollegeisabouttwotoone.

問題1選項

A.rate

B.proportion

C.portion

D.percentage

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.rate比率B.proportion比例

C.portion部分D.percentage百分率

【答案】B

【考查點】名詞辨析

【解題思路】根據(jù)原句中“女生和男生的____”以及“大約二比一”可知，空格處應(yīng)填入的是女生和男生的比例，因此，B選項proportion“比例”符合題意，proportion可以指一個量與另一個量的比值。

【干擾項排除】

A選項rate“比率”，側(cè)重于指在某一特定時期內(nèi)某事物發(fā)生或存在的次數(shù)；

C選項portion“部分”，側(cè)重于指整體中的一部分；

D選項percentage“百分率”，側(cè)重于指部分在整體中的占比（用百分比表示）。

【句意】在我的大學(xué)里男女比例大約是一比二。

17.寫作題

Writeanessayofatleast250wordsonthetopicMyViewonHighHousingPrice.Youarerequiredtobaseyourwritingonthefollowingoutline.

(1)問題與現(xiàn)狀

(2)危害

(3)原因

(4)解決辦法

【答案】MyViewonHighHousingPrice18.單選題

Hewasaskedtobethe（

）ofthebadmintongamebecausehewasanimpartialperson.

問題1選項

A.judge

B.umpire

C.fan

D.controller

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。judge意為“法官，審判員”，泛指各種場合中的評判人員；umpire意為“裁判員”多用于仲裁者本身不需隨比賽移動位置，如羽毛球、游泳、板球、棒球等；fan意為“迷，狂熱愛好者，風(fēng)扇”；controller意為“(尤指大型機構(gòu)或部門的)管理者，控制者”。由thebadmintongame（羽毛球比賽）可知選B。

句意：他被要求擔(dān)任羽毛球比賽的裁判，因為他是一個公正的人。

19.單選題

Intheworldofentertainment,TVtalkshowshaveundoubtedlyfloodedeveryinchofspaceondaytimetelevision.Andanyonewhowatchesthemregularlyknowsthateachonevariesinstyleandformat.Butnotwoshowsaremoreprofoundlyoppositeincontent,whileatthesametimestandingoutabovetherest,thantheJerrySpringerandtheOprahWinfreyshow.

JerrySpringercouldeasilybeconsideredthekingof“trashtalk”.Thetopicsonhisshowareshockingasshockingcanbe.Forexample,theshowtakestheever-commontalkshowthemesoflove,sex,cheating,guilt,hate,conflictandmoralitytoadifferentlevel.Clearly,theJerrySpringershowisadisplayandexploitationofsociety’smoralcatastrophes,yetpeoplearewillingtoeatuptheintriguingpredicamentsofotherpeople’slives.

LikeJerrySpringer,OprahWinfreytakesTVtalkshowtoitsextreme,butOprahgoesintheoppositedirection.Theshowfocusesontheimprovementofsocietyandanindividual’squalityoflife.Topicsrangefromteachi