考研考博-英語-四川傳媒學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川傳媒學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

國畫(Chinesepainting)是世界上最古老的藝術(shù)傳統(tǒng)之一。繪畫時用毛筆蘸黑墨或彩墨在紙張或絲綢上作畫。根據(jù)表現(xiàn)手法，國畫可分為寫意派(theXieyiSchool)和工筆派(theGongbiSchool)兩大類。寫意派以自由表達(dá)和形式夸張為特點；工筆派則注重以精細(xì)的筆法描繪細(xì)節(jié)。山水畫被公認(rèn)為國畫的最高形式。縱觀歷史，不同時期的國畫都相應(yīng)地反映出人們的社會意識。

【答案】Chinesepaintingisoneoftheoldestartistictraditionsintheworld.Thepaintingisdoneonpaperorsilkwithabrushdippedinblackorcoloredink.Accordingtothemeansofexpression,ChinesepaintingscanbedividedintotwocategorieswhicharetheXieyiSchoolandtheGongbiSchool.TheXieyiSchoolischaracterizedbyfreeexpressionandexaggeratedforms,whiletheGongbiSchoolattachesimportancetodetailwithfinebrushwork.LandscapepaintingiswidelyregardedasthehighestformofChinesepainting.Throughouthistory,theChinesepaintingsatdifferenttimesmirrorpeople'ssocialconsciousnessaccordingly.

2.單選題

BritishPrimeMinisterTonyBlairpromisedtheelectoratethatgunswouldnotbefiredwithoutanattempttowinafurtherU.N.sanction.

問題1選項

A.allies

B.delegates

C.voters

D.juries

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項“同盟，同盟國”；B選項“代表，委派”；C選項“選民”；D選項“陪審團(tuán)，評委會”；題干中electorate“選民，選區(qū)”，句意：英國首相布萊爾向選民承諾，如果不試圖贏得聯(lián)合國的進(jìn)一步制裁，就不會開槍。因此C選項符合題意。

3.單選題

Theexamwouldfinishat11:30,westillhave10minutes___beforewehandinourpaper.

問題1選項

A.inhand

B.incase

C.inthenameof

D.intheway

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.inhand在手頭；在進(jìn)行中B.incase萬一；假使

C.inthenameof以……的名義D.intheway妨礙；擋道

【考查點】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意，前半句表示考試將在十一點半結(jié)束，空格前表示我們還有十分鐘，空格后為交卷前，引申含義為我們還有十分鐘交卷，即卷子在手中還有十分鐘。因此選A。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】考試將在11點半結(jié)束，在交卷之前我們還有10分鐘。

4.單選題

Thewoodwassorottenthat,whenwepulled,it（）intofragments.

問題1選項

A.brokeaway

B.brokeoff

C.brokeup

D.brokethrough

【答案】C

【解析】短語辨析。句意：木頭腐爛成那樣了，我們拉它的時候，它就

片了。

brokeaway脫離，放棄，裂開；brokeoff折斷，突然停止；brokeup分手，破碎；brokethrough突破。

后半句有一個“fragments（碎片）”,C項符合句意。雖然A項breakaway也可表示“弄碎”的意思，但后面一般不與“into（sth.）”連用。

5.翻譯題

Peoplecannotliveapartfromnature;thatisthefirstprincipleoftheconservationists.Andyet,peoplecannotliveinnaturewithoutchangingit.Butthisistrueofallcreatures;theydependuponnature,andtheychangeit.Whatwecallnatureis,inasense,thesumofthechangesmadebyallthevariouscreaturesandnaturalforcesintheirintricateactionsandinfluencesuponeachotherandupontheirplaces.Becauseofthewoodpeckers,natureisdifferentfromwhatitwouldbewithoutthem.Itisdifferentalsobecauseoftheborersandantsthatliveintreetrunks,andbecauseofthebacteriathatliveinthesoilunderthetree.Themakingofthesedifferencesisthemakingoftheworld.

Someofthechangesmadebywildcreatureswewouldcallbeneficent.Beaversarefamousformakingpondsthatturnintofertilemeadows;treesandprairiegrassesbuildsoil.Butsometimes,too,wewouldcallnaturalchangesdestructive.Accordingtoearlywitnesses,forinstance,largeareasaroundKentuckysaltlickswereseverelytrampedanderodedbythegreatherdsofhoofedanimalsthatgatheredthere.Thebuffalo“streets”throughhillycountryweresohollowedoutbyhoofwearanderosionthattheyremainvisiblealmosttwocenturiesafterthedisappearanceofthebuffalo.Andsoitcanhardlybeexpectedthathumanswouldnotchangenature.Humans,likeallothercreatures,mustmakeadifference;otherwisetheycannotlive.Butunlikeothercreatures,theymustmakeachoiceastothekindandofthedifferencetheymake.Iftheychoosetomaketoosmalladifferencetheydiminishtheirhumanity.Iftheychoosetomaketoogreatadifferencetheydiminishnature,andnarrowtheirsubsequentchoices;ultimately,theydiminishordestroythemselves.Nature,then,isnotonlyoursourcebutalsoourlimitandmeasure.

【答案】參考譯文：

人類的生存離不開大自然，這是生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)者的第一原則。然而，人類不可能在大自然中生存而不改變它。不過，這對所有生物來說都是如此，它們依賴自然且改變它。在某種意義上，我們把大自然稱為各種各樣的生物和大自然力量在自己復(fù)雜的活動、相互影響以及對生活環(huán)境的影響中引起的變化的全部。因為啄木鳥的存在，所以大自然不同于沒有啄木鳥的大自然會呈現(xiàn)的樣子。大自然也因為生活于樹干的鉆蛀蟲和螞蟻，以及生活在樹下泥土中的細(xì)菌而不同。這些差異的形成就是世界的形成。

我們會把野生生物引起的一些變化稱為是有益的：海貍因為把池塘變成肥沃草地而出名，樹木和牧場草地構(gòu)建了土壤。不過，我們有時會把大自然的變化稱為有害的。例如，據(jù)早期目擊者稱，肯塔基州鹽堿地周圍大部分區(qū)域被聚集在那里的成群的有蹄類動物嚴(yán)重踐踏和損壞。穿過丘陵地帶的水牛“街道”被嚴(yán)重磨損和侵蝕，以至于它們（即水牛“街道”）在水牛消失后差不多兩個世紀(jì)仍然看得見。因此，期望人類不會改變大自然幾乎是不可能的。與所有其它生物一樣，人類必須對大自然產(chǎn)生影響；否則他們就不能生存。不過，與其它生物不一樣的是人類必須對于自己產(chǎn)生的影響的種類和規(guī)模做出選擇。如果人類選擇產(chǎn)生一個太小的影響，那么他們就會使自身數(shù)量減少。如果人類選擇產(chǎn)生一個太大的影響，那么他們就會使大自然變小，從而使自己的選擇范圍縮?。蛔詈笏麄儠棺陨頂?shù)量減少或毀掉自身。因此，大自然不僅是我們?nèi)祟惿娴馁Y源，并且還是我們?nèi)祟惿娴慕缦藓蜆?biāo)桿。

6.單選題

TheDaodejingisalmostcertainlythemostadmiredancientChinesephilosophicaltextamongmodemWesterners.Sincethemid-19thcenturyithasbeentranslatedintoEnglishdozensoftimes.

問題1選項

A.almostcertainly

B.ancientChinesephilosophicaltext

C.Sincethemid-19thcentury

D.Englishdozensoftimes.

E.沒有問題

【答案】E

【解析】沒有錯誤。句意:《道德經(jīng)》幾乎可以肯定是現(xiàn)代西方人中最受敬仰的中國古代哲學(xué)文本。自19世紀(jì)中期以來，它被多次翻譯成英文。

7.單選題

Hisideasareinvariablycondemnedas（）byhiscolleagues.

問題1選項

A.imaginative

B.ingenious

C.impractical

D.theoretical

【答案】C

【解析】句意：他的想法總是被同事們認(rèn)為（）。condemn意為“譴責(zé)，反對”，表明其后的形容詞應(yīng)為貶義詞。A選項imaginative想象的，虛構(gòu)的；B選項ingenious聰明的，精巧的；C選項impractical不切實際的，不實用的；D選項theoretical理論上的。C選項impractical符合句意和邏輯。

8.填空題

Ourinitialfieldworksite（1）outtobecompletelyunsuitable.Ourteam（2）overaweektherebeforewerecognizedthatwe（3）neverfindthequalityoffossilswewere（4）forinthatspot.

【答案】1.turned;

2.worked;

3.would;

4.looking

【解析】1.固定搭配。turnouttobe被發(fā)現(xiàn)是，結(jié)果是。而且此處應(yīng)為過去式turned。

2.語義題。第二空填不及物動詞,因此worked符合句意。

3.語法分析。第三空填would表示過去將來時。

4.固定搭配。wewerefor是定語從句修飾thequalityoffossils,那么第四空可填現(xiàn)在分詞looking,構(gòu)成lookfor“尋找”。

9.單選題

HistorianshavelongknownthatthereweretwosidestothePopulistmovementofthe1890s:aprogressiveside,embodyingtheprotestsofformersagainstbigbusiness,andadarkerside,markedbyadistrustofEasterners,immigrants,andintellectuals.Inthe1950s,oneschoolofU.S.socialthinkersconstructedaparallelbetweenthisdarksideofPopulismandthecontemporaryanti-CommunistcrusadespearheadedbyWisconsinSenatorJosephMcCarthy,whichattackedliberalism,Easternintellectuals,andcivillibertiesingeneral.ToSeymourMartinLipset,McCarthyismrepresented“thesourdregsofPopulism”;toEdwardShils,McCarthyism,likePopulism,exemplified“theambiguousAmericanimpulsetoward4directdemocracy.

NothingthatMcCarthyismandPopulismhadbothfoundtheirstrongestsupportintheagrarianMidwest,

LipsetarguedthatvoterswhobackedagrarianprotestmovementsduringearliereconomiccriseshadsupportedMcCarthyinthepost-WorldIIperiodofprosperity.IntheeyesofwriterslikeLipset,theappealofMcCarthyismextendedbeyondtheagrarianbaseofPopulismtoincludeurbangroupssuchasindustrialworkers.Lipsetclaimedthat“thelowerclasses,especiallytheworkers”hadbackedMcCarthy.Inamoresweepingfashion,LewisFeuerclaimedthat“itwastheAmericanlowerclass...whogavetheiroverwhelmingsupporttotheattacksinrecentyearsincivilliberties.”

Writingafewyearslater,politicalscientistMichaelPaulRoginchallengedthesesuperficiallyplausiblenotions,contendingthattheymerelyembodiedthewriters,ownassumptionsaboutthesupposedintoleranceoflowerclassgroups,ratherthanavalidinterpretationofMcCarthyism.Rogincriticallyexaminedtheirassertionsbythesimplemethodoftestingthemagainsttheevidence.HetestedLipset’sclaimsaboutthecontinuityofMcCarthyismandearlieragrarianprotestmovementsbybreakingdownstatewidevotingstatisticsonacounty-by-countybasis.HefoundthatWisconsincountiesthathadvotedstronglyforProgressivesbeforeWorldWarIIdidnotsupportMcCarthy;McCarthy’ssupportwasconcentratedinhishomeregionandinethnicGermanareasthathadbeentraditionallyconservative.TheoldProgressivevotehadinfactgonetoMcCarthy’sopponents,theDemocrats.

TotestLipset’sgeneralizationsaboutMcCarthy’ssupportamongclassgroups,Roginattemptedtodeterminewhetherindustrialworkershad,infact,backedMcCarthy.Correlatingincomeandemploymentstatisticswithvotingrecords,RoginfoundthatthegreatertheemploymentinindustryinagivenWisconsincounty,thelowerwasMcCarthy’sshareofthevote.Roginconcludedthatthethesisof“McCarthyismasPopulism”shouldbejudged“notastheproductofsciencebutasa...ventureintoconservativepoliticaltheory.’’

1.TheauthorwouldprobablyassertthePopulismandMcCarthyism（

）.

2.ItcanbeinferredthatRogin’smostseriouscriticismofLipset,Feuer,andShils’smethodologywouldprobablybethatthey（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,RoginconcludedthatthewritingsofLipset,ShilsandFeuer（）.

4.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

問題1選項

A.werecompletelyoppositeincharacter

B.wereresponsesto,respectively,agrarianandindustrialconditions

C.wereessentiallydissimilarmovementsthatsharedsomecommonfeatures

D.eachhadbothaprogressiveandadarkerside

問題2選項

A.reachedincorrectconclusionsaboutMcCarthy

B.failedtoexaminetheevidencethatcouldsupportorweakentheirconclusions

C.equatedsupportforMcCarthyismwithanti-intellectualism

D.placedtoomuchemphasisonthedualcharacterofPopulism

問題3選項

A.intentionallydistortedhistoricalevidence

B.wereflawedbypoliticalpresuppositions

C.lentsupporttoattackoncivilliberties

D.weremarkedbyanti-intellectualbias

問題4選項

A.discoveriesdescribinganinstanceofflawedhistoricalanalysis

B.advocatingtheuseofstatisticalmethodsinhistoricalresearch

C.examiningthesimilaritiesbetweentwopoliticalmovements

D.explainingwhyhistoricalconclusionsshouldberevisedaccordingtolaterrevelations

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段的內(nèi)容，二十世紀(jì)五十年代，美國社會思想家將民粹主義的陰暗面和反共產(chǎn)主義運(yùn)動進(jìn)行相提并論和比較，說明是有共同之處的，選項C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，羅金對李普塞特、福伊爾和希爾斯的方法論進(jìn)行了驗證，最嚴(yán)厲的批評是，二者都沒有對自己的觀點給出證據(jù)。選項B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，羅金的總結(jié)是，麥卡錫主義不應(yīng)該被判定為科學(xué)的產(chǎn)物，而是一種保守政治理論。選項B符合題意。

4.主旨題。作者首先提出了麥卡錫主義和民粹主義理論，接著提出羅金對他們方法論做出了驗證，最后表明將麥卡錫主義比作民粹主義的理論不應(yīng)被判定為科學(xué)的產(chǎn)物，而是一種政治領(lǐng)域的探索。選項D符合題意。

10.單選題

UKandChinahassomethingsimilarintheircompulsoryeducationsystem.Firstly,bothinUKandChina,“mostchildrenreceivefreeeducationalfinancefrompublicfunds,butsmallportionsattendschoolswhollyindependentofpublicfinancialsupport.’’Secondly,bothofthetwocountrieshavelawstoensurecompulsoryeducation.Thirdly,thetwocountrieshavethesamecurriculums.Forexample,accordingtoZhuYongtaoandWangLili,foreignlanguagesaretaughtasanintegralpartofthecurriculum,reflectingtheimportanceofBritish’srelationshipwithEuropeandChina’srelationshipwithEnglishspeakingcountries.Fourthly,studentsinChinaandUKbothspend6yearsfinishingprimaryeducation.Fifthly,therearesomeimportantexamsforstudentsincompulsoryeducationsystemsinChinaandUK.InUK,therearetwomainexaminations.TheGeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation(GCSE)isusuallytakenby16-year-oldchildren.TheGeneralCertificateofEducationatAdvancedLevel(GCEAlevel),isnormallytakenattheendofthesecondyearby19-year-oldstudents.InChina,exceptforanexamforthesixthgradegraduatesinprimaryschool,thereisahighschoolentranceexaminationforJunior3students.

TherearelotsofdifferencesbetweenChinaandUKincompulsoryeducation.Itcanbedividedintofiveparts.

Firstly,theaimofeducationintheUKandChinaisnotquitesimilarwitheachother.AccordingtoSuiMingcai,Britisheducationaimsto“developindividualabilitiestothefullandtoshapethoseabilitiesforthebenefitofsocietyasawhole”.AndinChina,“it’stoleteveryoneaccepteducation,haveknowledgeandskillstomakelife.”

Secondly,theyearofcompulsoryeducationisdifferentbetweenthetwocountries.InUK,theagetobeginschoolis5(4inNorthernIreland),andthecompulsoryeducationendsat16,whereasinChinathecompulsoryeducationstartsfrom6andendsat14,whichisanine-yearcompulsoryeducation.

Thirdly,thescheduleofcompulsoryeducationinthetwocountriesisdifferent.AccordingtoWikipediaandSuiMingcai,Britishcompulsoryeducationcanbedividedintotwostages:primaryschoolsandsecondaryschools.Thestateschoolingwasfreeandcompulsoryuptothelegalschool-leavingage.WhileinChina,compulsoryeducationconsistsofprimaryschoolsandmiddleschools.

TheschoolyearinUKisdividedintothreeterms(autumn,springandsummer),whiletwoparts(spring,autumn)inChina.Britishschooldayinmoststatesandindependentschools(exceptforinfantandjuniorschool)usuallystartsat8:45a.m.andendsat3:30p.m.InChina,everyschooldayismadeupoftwoperiodswhichare7:30a.m.to12:00a.m.,2:30p.m.to5:30p.m.Studentscangohomeforlunch.ItshowsthatChinesestudentsusuallyspendmoretimeatschool.

Inaddition,inBritain,aschool-agechildcanreceivecompulsoryeducationathomeoratatutor’splaceorsomeotherforms,whileinChina,compulsoryeducationmeansschooleducation.

1.Thispassageismainlyconcernedwith（）.

2.InwhatwaydoesUKeducateitspeople?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項

A.acomparisonstudyonfreeeducationsystembetweenChinaandUK

B.acomparisonstudyoncompulsoryeducationsystembetweenChinaandUK

C.acomparisonstudyonfinancialsystembetweenChinaandUK

D.acomparisonstudyonculturebetweenChinaandUK

問題2選項

A.UKintendstoeducateitspeopletheabilitiestoservethecountrywholly.

B.UKintendstoeducateitspeopletheindividualabilitiesfully.

C.UKintendstoeducateitspeopletheabilitiesonlyforthebenefitofthesociety.

D.UKintendstoeducateitspeopletheindividualabilitiesaswellastheabilitiesforthebenefitofthesociety.

問題3選項

A.ChildreninNorthernIrelandstartthecompulsoryeducationatanearlierage.

B.StudentsinUKspend16yearsforthecompulsoryeducation.

C.ThelengthoftheyearsforthecompulsoryeducationinChinais14years.

D.ThelengthoftheyearsforthecompulsoryeducationbothinUKandChinaisthesame.

問題4選項

A.TermsoftheschoolyearinUKdonotincludewinter.

B.StudentsinChinaandUKbothspend6yearsfinishingprimaryeducation.

C.StudentsinUKtaketwomainexaminationsnormallywhentheyare15and19yearsoldinthecompulsoryeducation.

D.StudentsinChinaspendmoretimeinschoolscomparedwithstudentsinUK.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.【試題解析】主旨大意題。本文主要講述了中國和英國教育的異同之處。因此B選項“關(guān)于中國和英國的義務(wù)教育體系的對比研究”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段中“AccordingtoSuiMingcai,Britisheducationaimsto‘developindividualabilitiestothefullandtoshapethoseabilitiesforthebenefitofsocietyasawhole’”，中文翻譯為：按照SuiMingcai的說法，整體來看，英國教育的目標(biāo)是充分發(fā)展個人能力和塑造這些能力以造福社會。可以得知D選項“英國旨在培養(yǎng)人民的個人能力以及造福社會的能力”符合題意。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由選項中關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章“InUK,theagetobeginschoolis5(4inNorthernIreland),andthecompulsoryeducationendsat16,whereasinChinathecompulsoryeducationstartsfrom6andendsat14,whichisanine-yearcompulsoryeducation.”，中文翻譯為：在英國，5歲開始上學(xué)（在北愛爾蘭是4歲），16歲義務(wù)教育結(jié)束；而在中國義務(wù)教育開始于6結(jié)束于14歲，實行的是九年制義務(wù)教育?？梢缘弥狝選項“北愛爾蘭的孩子在更早的年齡開始義務(wù)教育”符合題意。

4.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由A選項可以定位到文章中“TheschoolyearinUKisdividedintothreeterms(autumn,springandsummer),whiletwoparts(spring,autumn)inChina.”，中文翻譯為：英國的學(xué)年分為三期（秋、春、夏）；而中國是兩個學(xué)期（春和秋），可知A選項“英國的學(xué)年不包括冬天”正確；由B選項可以定位到文章中“Fourthly,studentsinChinaandUKbothspend6yearsfinishingprimaryeducation.”，中文翻譯為：第四，中國和英國的學(xué)生都要6年完成初等教育?？芍狟選項“中國和英國的學(xué)生都花6年時間完成基礎(chǔ)教育”正確；由C選項可以定位到文章中“InUK,therearetwomainexaminations.TheGeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation(GCSE)isusuallytakenby16-year-oldchildren.TheGeneralCertificateofEducationatAdvancedLevel(GCEAlevel),isnormallytakenattheendofthesecondyearby19-year-oldstudents.”，中文翻譯為：英國有兩次重要的考試。普通中等教育證（GCSE）考試通常是16歲的孩子參加。普通高級教育證書（GCEA）考試通常是在第二年年底由19歲的學(xué)生參加。可知C選項“英國的學(xué)生在義務(wù)教育階段，一般是在15歲和19歲的時候參加兩次主要的考試”錯誤；根據(jù)原文“Inaddition,inBritain,aschool-agechildcanreceivecompulsoryeducationathomeoratatutor’splaceorsomeotherforms,whileinChina,compulsoryeducationmeansschooleducation.”，中文翻譯為：此外，在英國，學(xué)齡兒童可以在家里或?qū)熌抢锘蛞云渌问浇邮芰x務(wù)教育，而在中國，義務(wù)教育意味著學(xué)校教育。可以得知D選項“與英國學(xué)生相比，中國學(xué)生在學(xué)校的時間更長”是正確的。故C選項符合題意。

11.單選題

The（）dancerwhowas70wasjusttooexhaustedtoproducegooddancemoves.

問題1選項

A.morass

B.hierarchical

C.effete

D.proselyte

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項morass“沼澤；困境；亂糟糟的一堆”；B選項hierarchical“分層的；等級體系的”；C選項effete“衰老的；疲憊的；（土地）貧瘠的”；D選項proselyte“使改宗教信仰”。句意：年齡為70歲的這位衰老的跳舞者，實在是太疲憊而無法拿出好的舞蹈動作。結(jié)合句意判斷出選項C正確。

12.單選題

Toomuch（）toX-rayscancauseskinburns,cancerorotherdamagetothebody.

問題1選項

A.exposure

B.disclosure

C.contact

D.connection

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。exposureto“暴露于”；disclosure“揭發(fā)”；contact“接觸”；connection“聯(lián)系”。句意：過多暴露在X射線下對皮膚有傷害，也可能導(dǎo)致癌癥或者其他傷害。選項A符合題意。

13.單選題

Asskiesfillwithmillionsofmigratingbirds,Europeanscientistssaytheseasonalmiracleappearstodependonaseeming（）:Thefatterthebird,themoreefficientlyitflies.

問題1選項

A.interruption

B.description

C.qualification

D.contradiction

【答案】D

【解析】interruption中斷，干擾之事；description描述，說明；qualification資格，條件；contradiction矛盾。句意：歐洲科學(xué)家稱，隨著數(shù)百萬候鳥在天空中飛來飛去，這一季節(jié)性奇跡似乎取決于一個看似的事實:鳥兒越胖，飛行效率越高。根據(jù)后面的句意可知是矛盾的，所以選項D正確。

14.單選題

The______ofConfuciusbuiltthetempleinmemoryoftheirancestor.

問題1選項

A.descendants

B.predecessors

C.correspondents

D.opponents

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項descendants“后代，晚輩”；B選項predecessors“前任；前一代”；C選項correspondents“通訊員”；D選項opponents“對手”。句意：孔子的______建造這座廟來紀(jì)念他們的祖先。根據(jù)語境，在這里孔子的后代紀(jì)念孔子比較合理，A選項descendants“后代，晚輩”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

15.單選題

RadiostationsareproliferatingovertheInternet,somoreandmoreAmericanscanlistentohometownstations—eveniftheyliveinNomeorInMiami.

問題1選項

A.roaming

B.transmitting

C.increasing

D.broadcasting

【答案】C

【解析】句意：無線電臺在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上激增，因此越來越多的美國人可以收聽家鄉(xiāng)電臺的節(jié)目——即使他們住在諾姆或邁阿密。proliferating意為“激增，大量生存產(chǎn)”。roaming漫步，閑逛；transmitting傳送，傳遞；increasing增加，增大；broadcasting廣播。選項C與之意思相近。

16.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese.

It’srainingagain.AsIlieawakeinbed,listeningtothesoundofthoserazor-sharpdropspoundingonthepavement,mymindgoesreelingdowndarkcorridorsteemingwithagonizingflashbacks,andachillfromwithinfillsmewithdread.It’sraining,again.

ItdoesthisyearinSouthernCalifornia;atleastthat’swhattheytoldmelastyearwhenImarveledattherelentlessdeterminationoftherain.Thereseemtobetwoseasonshere.Duringtherainyseason,sometimesthestormsdrenchtheareanonstopfordays.Sometimesthestormscomeandgo.Oftenpropertydamageanddisruptedlivesresult.It’shardtopredicttheintensityofthepatternsfromyeartoyear.Thenthereisthefireseason.Thattakescareofthepropertythatmanagedtosurvivethedeluge,againdisruptinglives.Thedaysconnectingtheseseasonsaremonotonous,withsomesun,somesmogandsomemoresun.ThisisnothinglikebackhomeinColorado.

【答案】又下雨了。我醒著躺在床上，聽著那些犀利的的雨點掉落在人行道上的聲音。我的思緒陷入了黑暗的走廊，充滿了痛苦的回憶，內(nèi)心的寒意讓我充滿恐懼。又在下雨了

加利福尼亞南部，今年也如此。當(dāng)我對雨無情地下個不停感到驚奇時，至少，去年他們是這樣告訴我的。這里似乎只有兩個季節(jié)。在雨季，有時暴風(fēng)雨連續(xù)幾天不停地浸透這個地區(qū)。有時暴風(fēng)雨來去不定。往往造成財產(chǎn)損失和生活混亂，每年都很難預(yù)測這種模式的強(qiáng)度。然后是火災(zāi)季節(jié)，從洪水中幸存下來的財物就落到它手里了，再一次擾亂人們的生活。連著這些季節(jié)的日子是單調(diào)的，僅有一些太陽，一些霧和一些更多的太陽。這和回科羅拉多的家完全不同。

17.單選題

Engineeringoffersmenandwomenan（

）opportunitytoexperiencethejoyofimprovingthequalityoflifeforhumankindthroughdevelopmentofengineeringsolutionstosocietalproblems.

問題1選項

A.absolute

B.unparalleled

C.elaborate

D.obsessive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。absolute意為“絕對的，完全的”；unparalleled意為“無比的，空前的”；elaborate意為“復(fù)雜的，詳盡的”；obsessive意為“著迷的”。

句意：工程學(xué)為男性和女性提供一個前所未有的機(jī)會，通過開發(fā)解決社會問題的工程解決方案來讓他們體驗改善人類生活質(zhì)量的樂趣。

18.單選題

Veryfewpeoplecouldunderstandthelecturetheprofessordeliveredbecauseitssubjectwasvery____.

問題1選項

A.obscure

B.indefinite

C.dubious

D.intriguing

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.obscure費(fèi)解的；難以理解的B.indefinite無限期的；期限不定的

C.dubious可疑的；不可信的D.intriguing非常有趣的；引人入勝的

【答案】A

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：很少有人能聽懂教授的講座，因為它的主題非常……。根據(jù)句意，由很少有人能夠聽懂可知是因為教授的主題讓人難以理解。因此選A。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項均不符合句意。

【句意】很少有人能聽懂這位教授的講座，因為它的主題非常難懂。

19.翻譯題

PutthefollowingintoChinese.

Tobereallyhappyandreallysafe,oneoughttohaveatleasttwoorthreehobbies,andtheymustallbereal.Itisnousestartinglateinlifetosay:“Iwilltakeaninterestinthisorthat.”Suchanattemptonlyaggravatesthestrainofmentaleffort.Amanmayacquiregreatknowledgeoftopicsunconnectedwithhisdailywork,andyethardlygetanybenefitorrelief.Itisnousedoingwhatyoulike;youhavegottolikewhatyoudo.Broadlyspeaking,humanbeingsmaybedividedintothreeclasses:thosewhoaretoiledtodeath,thosewhoareworriedtodeath,andthosewhoareboredtodeath.Itisnouseofferingthemanuallaborer,tiredoutwithahardweek’ssweatandeffort,thechanceofplayingagameoffootballorbaseballonSaturdayafternoon.Itisnouseinvitingthepoliticianortheprofessionalorbusinessman,whohasbeenworkingorworryingaboutseriousthingsforsixdays,toworkorworryabouttriflingthingsattheweekend.

【答案】要想獲得真正的快樂與安寧,一個人至少應(yīng)該有兩到三種業(yè)余愛好,而且必須是真正的愛好。到了晚年才說“我要培養(yǎng)這個或那個興趣”是無用的,這種嘗試只會増加精神上的負(fù)擔(dān)。一個人可以在自己工作之外的領(lǐng)域獲得淵博的知識,不過他可能幾乎得不到什么收益或是放松。做你喜歡的事是沒用的,你必須喜歡你所做的事?？偟膩碚f,人可以分為三種：勞累而死的人、憂慮而死的人、和煩惱而死的人。對于那些體力勞動者來說,經(jīng)歷了一周辛苦勞作已經(jīng)使他們精疲力盡,周六下午讓他們?nèi)ヌ咦闱蚧蚴谴虬羟蚴菦]有意義的。而對那些政治家、專業(yè)人士或者商人來說,他們已經(jīng)為棘手的事情操勞或煩惱六天了,周末再讓他們?yōu)楝嵤聞谏裢瑯雍翢o意義。

20.單選題

Hecausedafalseaccountoftheevent（）inthenewspaper.

問題1選項

A.hadpublished

B.tobepublished

C.beingpublished

D.tohavepublished

【答案】B

【解析】本題考查動詞。causesb.todosth.首先排除選項A和C，事件是被刊登上報紙的，表被動，所以選項B正確。句意：他對報紙上刊登的事故進(jìn)行了虛假報道。

21.單選題

Conversationbecomesweakerinasocietythatspendssomuchtimelisteningandbeingtalkedto（）ithasallbutlostthewillandtheskilltospeakforitself.

問題1選項

A.as

B.which

C.that

D.what

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。so…that…如此……以至于……。句意：在一個人們花很多時間傾聽和與他人交談的社會中，以至于已經(jīng)失去了為自身說話的意愿和技巧，這時會話的力量就變?nèi)趿?。選項C符合句意，所以正確。

22.單選題

Itwassucha(n)（

）whenPatandMikemeteachotherinTokyo.EachthoughtthattheotherwasstillinHongKong.

問題1選項

A.occurrence

B.coincidence

C.fancy

D.destiny

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。occurrence“發(fā)生，事件”；coincidence“巧合，一致”；fancy“幻想，想象力”；destiny“命運(yùn)，天命”。句意：派特和邁克能在東京偶遇是多么巧合的一件事。倆人都以為對方在香港。選項B符合題意。

23.翻譯題

70年代以來，美國華人社會發(fā)生了重大的變化。最顯著的是許多來自大陸的中國人不斷涌入美國，使美國華人的人數(shù)猛增。

【答案】Sincethe1970s,majorchangeshavetakenplaceinChineseAmericansociety.Mostnotably,theinfluxofmanyChinesefrommainlandChinaintotheUnitedStateshasledtoasurgeinthenumberofChineseAmericans.

24.翻譯題

Contemporarypublicexpendituremanagement(PEM)isinterestedintheprocessofbudgetingprimarilybecauseproceduralrulesstronglyinfluenceexpenditureoutcomes.PEMtakesthepositionthattheserulesaffectthreeimportantoutcomes:thetotalamountspent,thecompositionofexpenditure,andtheefficiencyofgovernmentoperations.PEMseeksproceduresthatincreasetheprobabilityofachievingpreferredoutcomes.Thekeyaspectsofbudgetingaffectingexpenditureoutcomesareinstitutionalarrangements,thetypesofinformationavailableformakingandenforcingexpendituredecisions,theincentivesprovidedforspendersandcontrollerstobehaveinwaysthatpromotedesiredoutcomes,theissuanceandimplementationofsubstantivebudgerules.TheseelementsofPEMareappliedtothethreebasicobjectivesofmodempublicexpendituremanagement:tostrengthenaggregatefiscaldiscipline,toallocatepublicresourcesinaccordwithstrategicpriorities,andtopromotetheefficientprovisionofservices.

Fiscaldisciplinerequireseffectivecontrolofbudgetaggregates:totalrevenueandspendingandthebalancebetweenthesetotals.Whenaggregatecontroliseffective,theseoutcomesaredisciplined;theyresultfromexplicit,enforceddecisionsontheaggregatesbygovernment.Theyarenotmerelythesumofpowerfuldemandsonthebudget.PEMalsoseeksallocativeefficiency.Allocativeefficiencydependsonthecapacitytoshiftresourcesfromoldprogramstonewonesandfromlesstomoreproductiveuses,incorrespondencewithchangingpublicpolicyobjectives.Finally,PEMseeksefficiencyinadministrativeoperations,theprogressivereduction,throughproductivitygains,intherunningcostofgovernmentagenciesandintheunitcostofservices.

【答案】由于程序規(guī)則會對支出結(jié)果產(chǎn)生重大影響，當(dāng)代公共支出管理(PEM)研究重點就是編制預(yù)算。公共支出管理(PEM)認(rèn)為這些規(guī)則會影響三個重要結(jié)果：支出總金額，支出構(gòu)成和政府運(yùn)作效率。公共支出管理(PEM)尋求方法，以提升達(dá)到預(yù)期結(jié)果的概率。在編制預(yù)算中，影響支出結(jié)果的關(guān)鍵因素包括：制度安排、制定與實施支出決策的信息種類、保證支出者與管理者努力實現(xiàn)預(yù)期目標(biāo)的激勵手段、公布與實行大量的預(yù)算規(guī)則。這些規(guī)則旨在實現(xiàn)三個基本目標(biāo)：加強(qiáng)總的財政紀(jì)律、依據(jù)戰(zhàn)略重點分配公共資源、促進(jìn)提供有效服務(wù)。

財政紀(jì)律要求有效控制預(yù)算總量，總收入與總支出以及這兩者總數(shù)之間的平衡。當(dāng)總量控制是有效的，就說明支出受到財政紀(jì)律的控制。政府給予明確且需執(zhí)行的總量。這一總量并不僅僅是對預(yù)算有個明確的總量限制，公共支出管理(PEM)也還要尋求配置效率。配置效率的高低取決于資源從舊項目轉(zhuǎn)移到新項目、從低產(chǎn)向高產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移的能力大小，同時還要與不斷變化中的國家公共政策目標(biāo)保持一致。最后，公共支出管理(PEM)要尋求行政管理的效率：通過提高生產(chǎn)率，逐步減小政府機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)作成本、服務(wù)的單位成本。

25.單選題

Itishardtothinkofafieldinwhichitisnotimportantto（

）whatislikelytohappenandactaccordingly.

問題1選項

A.lookout

B.figureout

C.turnout

D.pointout

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。lookout“注意；當(dāng)心”；figureout“解決；算出”；turnout“（以某種方式）發(fā)生；結(jié)果是”；pointout“指出；指明”。句意：很難想象在某一個領(lǐng)域知道接下來可能發(fā)生什么并且采取了相應(yīng)的行動這種做法不重要。選項B符合題意。

26.單選題

Youhaveyourchoiceofthree______oficecream.

問題1選項

A.varieties

B.tops

C.respects

D.decks

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項varieties“（同一事物的）不同種類；品種”；B選項tops“頂端；表面”；C選項respects“（事物的）方面，細(xì)節(jié)”；D選項decks“（船或公共汽車的）一層”。句意：你有三______冰淇淋供你選擇。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是有三種不同的冰淇淋，A選項varieties“（同一事物的）不同種類”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

27.單選題

Nolongerarecontributionstocomputertechnologyconfinedtoanyonecountry;（

）isthismoretruethaninEurope.

問題1選項

A.hardly

B.little

C.seldom

D.nowhere

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。hardly“幾乎不”；little“完全不”；seldom“很少”；nowhere“無處，任何地方”；句意：對電腦技術(shù)的貢獻(xiàn)不再局限于某個國家，沒有比在歐洲更能證明這一事實了。nowhere引導(dǎo)的是一個倒裝句。Thisisnomore...than...沒有…比…更…，此句表明歐洲最能證明這一事實。D項符合句意，答案D

28.單選題

Thereisgrowing（）amongecologiststhatbiodiversitycannotbeadequatelyconservedbyprotectedareasalone.

問題1選項

A.consensus

B.concession

C.conception

D.contention

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項consensus“共識，一致”，B選項concession“讓步，妥協(xié)”，C選項conception“構(gòu)想，懷孕”，D選項contention“爭論，觀點”。句意:生態(tài)學(xué)家們越來越一致認(rèn)為，僅靠保護(hù)區(qū)是不能充分保護(hù)生物多樣性的。因此，A選項符合句意。

29.單選題

Hedoesn’tneedto________himselfashismanagerialtrackrecordspeaksforitself.

問題1選項

A.identify

B.justify

C.judge

D.swear

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.identify確認(rèn)，鑒定B.justify解釋，辯護(hù)

C.judge判斷，斷定D.swear發(fā)誓，起誓

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處和下文的“himself（他自己）”構(gòu)成動賓邏輯，說明他不需要對自己做某事。as引導(dǎo)了一個原因狀語從句，表示“他的管理業(yè)績可以證明一切（speaksforitself）”，所導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果應(yīng)該是不需要再解釋、說明自己。justify指為某事物做出解釋或辯護(hù)，因此B選項justify“解釋，辯護(hù)”最符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項identify“確認(rèn)，鑒定”指認(rèn)出某