考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

AttitudesonthetwosidesintheRevolutionaryWarprecludedthepossibilityofapeacefulsolution.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.presaged

B.prejudiced

C.anticipated

D.prevented

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:雙方對(duì)美國(guó)革命戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的態(tài)度決定了不可能通過(guò)和平的方式解決問(wèn)題。

presage:預(yù)感，預(yù)言。prejudice:偏見(jiàn)。anticipate:預(yù)期，期望。prevent:阻止，妨礙，。preclude:阻止,妨礙,排除。故選D。

2.單選題

Beforeyoucanmakeafreshfruitsalad,youmustbuy（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.oranges,bananas,pineapples,andpeachesarenecessary

B.orangesandbananasandpineapplesandpeaches

C.orangesandbananasandotherfruits.Suchaspineapplesandpeaches

D.oranges,bananas,pineapples,andpeaches

【答案】D

【解析】考查并列謂語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)arenecessary成分贅余，可排除。B選項(xiàng)and用法使用錯(cuò)誤，可排除。C選項(xiàng)and用法錯(cuò)誤，也可排除。句意：在你做新鮮水果沙拉之前，你必須先買(mǎi)……。結(jié)合句意，D選項(xiàng)and用法準(zhǔn)確，符合句意，因此答案為D選項(xiàng)。

3.單選題

WrestlerJake“TheSnake”RoberttoldTMZ.comthathewill（）emergencysurgerytoremoveacanceroustumour.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.uphold

B.undergo

C.transfer

D.trigger

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)uphold表示“支撐，鼓勵(lì)，贊成”；B選項(xiàng)undergo表示“經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受，忍受”；C選項(xiàng)transfer表示“轉(zhuǎn)讓?zhuān)D(zhuǎn)移”；D選項(xiàng)trigger表示“觸發(fā)，引起”。由句意可知，這位摔跤手告訴TMZ.com網(wǎng)站說(shuō)，他將進(jìn)行緊急手術(shù)，切除癌癥腫瘤。因此，只有undergo的詞義最符合句意，故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

4.單選題

Theoldprofessorhashadthefluforalongtimebuthehasfinally（）andisbackintheoffice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.gotover

B.gotoverit

C.gotthrough

D.gotupit

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。getover“克服;恢復(fù)”，后面接賓語(yǔ)；getthrough“通過(guò)；到達(dá)”；getup“起床”由后半句“isbackintheoffice回到辦公室”可知，教授的病好了，恢復(fù)了健康，故B項(xiàng)正確。句意：這位老教授患流感很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了，但是最終他恢復(fù)了，并且回到了辦公室。

5.單選題

Theauthorofthereportiswell____withtheproblemsinthehospitalbecausehehasbeenworkingthereformanyyears.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.informed

B.acquainted

C.enlightened

D.acknowledged

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.informed（~of/aboutsth）通知；了解B.acquainted（~sbwith）熟悉；了解

C.enlightened啟發(fā)；闡明D.acknowledged承認(rèn)；感謝

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析

【解題思路】空格處所填詞的主語(yǔ)為“報(bào)告的作者”，后接的介詞為with，賓語(yǔ)為“醫(yī)院里的問(wèn)題”，根據(jù)后文“他已經(jīng)在那里工作多年了”可知，該作者應(yīng)該是對(duì)醫(yī)院的問(wèn)題很熟悉、很了解，B選項(xiàng)acquainted“熟悉；了解”符合要求。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)informed“通知；了解”，與原文介詞搭配不當(dāng)；

C選項(xiàng)enlightened“啟發(fā)；闡明”，不符合原文語(yǔ)義銜接；

D選項(xiàng)acknowledged“承認(rèn)；感謝”，不符合原文語(yǔ)義銜接。

【句意】該報(bào)告的作者對(duì)醫(yī)院里的問(wèn)題很熟悉，因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)在那里工作多年了。

6.單選題

Governmenthealthorganizationshavefosteredanawarenessofthedangersincertainsocialhabits.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.included

B.discovered

C.cultivated

D.discouraged

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)included“包括，包含”；B選項(xiàng)discovered“發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到”；C選項(xiàng)cultivated“培養(yǎng)，發(fā)展，教化”；D選項(xiàng)discouraged“使氣餒”。句意：政府衛(wèi)生組織_____了對(duì)某些社會(huì)習(xí)慣的危險(xiǎn)的認(rèn)識(shí)。這里表達(dá)的是“培養(yǎng)人們對(duì)危險(xiǎn)的認(rèn)知”，因此C選項(xiàng)的意思與原文最符合，C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Hejoinedacomputerdatingscheme（）butsofarithasn’tasuitablepatter.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.comeby

B.comeacross

C.comeupwith

D.comeroundto

【答案】B

【解析】本題考查了詞組的辨析。comeby“經(jīng)過(guò)”；comeacross“偶遇；偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)”；comeupwith“想出”；comeroundto“改變主意”，此處只有使用詞組comeacross表示“偶然”才符合句子的語(yǔ)義邏輯，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。句意為：他偶然加入了一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)日程計(jì)劃，但是到目前為止它還沒(méi)有一個(gè)合適的模式。

8.單選題

Thedirectionswereso（）thatitwasimpossibletocompletetheassignment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ingenious

B.notorious

C.ambitious

D.ambiguous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ingenious“機(jī)靈的；心靈手巧的”；B選項(xiàng)notorious“聲名狼藉的；臭名昭著的”；C選項(xiàng)ambitious“有雄心的；野心勃勃的”；D選項(xiàng)ambiguous“模糊不清的；模棱兩可的”。句意：這些指示太不明確了，以致不可能完成任務(wù)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

TheuniquenessoftheJapanesecharacteristheresultoftwoseeminglycontradictoryforces:thestrengthoftraditionsandtheselectivereceptivitytoforeignachievementsandinventions.Asearlyas1860stherewerecountermovementtothetraditionalorientation.OneofthefamousspokesmenofJapan’s“Enlightenment”claimed“theConfuciancivilizationoftheEastseemstometolacktwothingspossessedbyWesterncivilization:scienceinthematerialsphereandasenseofindependenceinthespiritualsphere.”AnotherbreakofrelativeliberalismfollowedWorldWarI,whenthedemocraticidealismofPresidentWoodrowWilsonhadanimportantimpactonJapaneseintellectualsandespeciallystudents;butmoreimportantwastheLeninistideologyofthe1917BolshevikRevolution.Again,intheearly1930s,nationalismandmilitarismbecamedominant.

FollowingtheendofWorldWarII,substantialchangeswereundertakeninJapantoliberatetheindividualfromauthoritarianrestrains.Thenewdemocraticvaluesystemwasacceptedbymanyteachers,students,intellectuals,andoldliberals,butitwasnotimmediatelyembracedbythesocietyasawhole.Japanesetraditionsweredominatedbygroupvalues,andnotionsofpersonalfreedomandindividualrightswereunfamiliar.

Today,democraticprocessesareclearlyevidentinthewidespreadparticipationoftheJapanesepeopleinsocialandpoliticallife.Schooltextbooksemphasizeequalityoverhierarchyandrationalismovertradition;butinpracticethesevaluesareoftenmisinterpretedanddistorted,particularlybytheyouthwhotranslatetheindividualisticandhumanisticgoalsofdemocracyintoegoisticandmaterialisticones.

MostJapanesepeoplehaveconsciouslyrejectedConfucianism,butleftoversoftheoldorderremain.Animportantfeatureofrelationshipsinmanyinstitutions,includingpoliticalpartiesanduniversitiesis,theoyabun-kobunorparent-childrelation.Thecorrespondingloyaltyoftheindividualtohispatronreinforceshisallegiancetothegrouptowhichtheybothbelong.Awillingnesstocooperatewithothermembersofthegroupandtosupportwithoutqualificationtheinterestsofthegroupinallitsexternalrelationsisstillawidelyrespectedvirtue.Theoyabun-kobuncreatesladdersofmobilitywhichanindividualcanascend,risingasfarasabilitiespermit,solongashemaintainssuccessfulpersonaltieswithasuperiorintheverticalchannel,thelatterrequirementusuallytakingprecedenceoveraneedforexceptionalcompetence.Asaconsequence,thereislittlehorizontalrelationshipbetweenpeoplewiththesameprofession.

1.ThespokesmanofJapan’s“Enlightenment”thoughtthat（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutJapan’scultureistrue?

3.Therelationshipofoyabun-kobuncanbeonebetween（

）.

4.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorimpliesthat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thetraditionalcultureshouldbereplacedbywesternmodernization

B.JapaneseoughttoforsaketheConfuciancivilizationoftheEast

C.theConfuciancivilizationinJapanshouldbedominant

D.Japanshouldintroducewesterncivilization

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.SubstantialchangesindemocraticprocesshavetakenplaceduringWorldWarH

B.NowadaysthetraditionalConfucianismisanecessarypartofthesocietyinJapan.

C.TodaytheConfucianismoutweighsthedemocraticvaluesysteminuniversitiesofJapan.

D.ThedemocraticideawasnotacceptedbythesocietyafterWorldWarII.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.ashopownerandacustomer

B.aCEOandanemployee

C.apoliticianandanopponent

D.ajudgeandalawyer

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.respectforauthorityplaysamoreimportantroleinpromotion

B.westernvalueshaveoverwhelmedtraditionalJapaneseattitudes

C.colleaguesaremorecloselyrelatedtoeachotherthanbefore

D.mostJapaneseworkersaremembersofasingleparty

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第一段第三句“Ohespiritualsphere.’”日本“啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)”的一位著名發(fā)言人宣稱(chēng)：“在我看來(lái)，東方的儒家文明缺少西方文明所擁有的兩樣?xùn)|西：物質(zhì)領(lǐng)域的科學(xué)和精神領(lǐng)域的獨(dú)立意識(shí)。”也就是說(shuō)，他認(rèn)為日本應(yīng)該引進(jìn)西方文明，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.選項(xiàng)A應(yīng)該是一戰(zhàn)后，所以不正確；選項(xiàng)C明顯錯(cuò)誤;根據(jù)第二段第二句“Thenewdemocratic...thesocietyasawhole.”可知選項(xiàng)D屬于完全否定，與原文表述不符;根據(jù)第四段第一句“MostJapanesepeoplehaveconsciouslyrejectedConfucianism,butleftoversoftheoldorderremain.”大多數(shù)日本人都有意識(shí)地拒絕儒家思想,但舊秩序的殘余依然存在。也就是說(shuō)，傳統(tǒng)儒學(xué)根深蒂固，是日本社會(huì)不可或缺的一部分。選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.根據(jù)第四段最后兩句，oyabun-kobun創(chuàng)造了移動(dòng)的梯子，一個(gè)人可以在能力允許的范圍內(nèi)向上攀登，只要他與垂直通道上的上級(jí)保持良好的個(gè)人關(guān)系，后者的要求通常優(yōu)先于對(duì)非凡能力的需要。由此可以推斷，oyabun-kobun指的是“上下級(jí)之間的關(guān)系”，選項(xiàng)中只有B項(xiàng)符合要求。

4.根據(jù)第四段最后兩句，oyabun-kobun創(chuàng)造了移動(dòng)的梯子，一個(gè)人可以在能力允許的范圍內(nèi)向上攀登，只要他與垂直通道上的上級(jí)保持良好的個(gè)人關(guān)系，后者的要求通常優(yōu)先于對(duì)非凡能力的需要。作者其實(shí)是在暗示，尊重權(quán)威在晉升中扮演著更重要的角色。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

10.單選題

Itwasunfortunatethat,aftersotrouble-freeanarrival,heshouldstumbleinthedarkashewasrisingandseverelytwisthisankleonapieceofrock.Afterthefirstshockthepainbecamebearable,andhegathereduphisparachutebeforelimpingintothetreestohideitasbestashecould.Thehardnessofthegroundandthedeepdarknessmadeitalmostimpossibletodothisefficiently.Thepineneedleslayseveralinchesdeep,sohesimplypilethemontopoftheparachute,cuttingtheshorttwigsthathecouldfeelaroundhislegs,andspreadingthemontopoftheneedles.Hehadgreatdoubtsaboutwhetheritwouldstayburied,buttherewasverylittleelsethathecoulddoaboutit.

Afterlimpingforsomedistanceinanindirectcourseawayfromhisparachutehebegantomakehiswaydownhillthroughthetrees.Hehadtofindoutwherehewas,andthendecidewhattodonext.Butwalkingdownhillonarapidlyswellinganklesoonprovedtobealmostbeyondhispowers.Hemovedmoreandmoreslowly,walkinginlongsidewaymovementsacrosstheslope,whichmeanttakingmorestepsbutlesspainfulones.Bythetimeheclearedthetreesandreachedthevalley,daywasbreaking.Misthunginsoftsheetsacrossthefields.Smallcottagesandfarmbuildingsgroupedlikesleepingcattlearoundavillagechurch,whosepointedtowerpointedhighintothecoldwinterairtowelcomethemorning.

“Ican’tgonofarther,”JohnHardingthought.“Someoneisboundtofindme,butwhatcanIdo?ImustgetarestbeforeIgoon.They’lllookformefirstupthereonthemountainwheretheplanecrashed.Ibetthey’reoutlookingforitalreadyandtheyareboundtofindtheparachuteintheend.Ican’tbelievetheywon’t.Sothey’llknowI’mnotdeadandmustbesomewhere.They’llthinkI’mhidingupthereinthetreesandrockssothey’lllookformethere.SoI’llgodowntothevillage.Withluckbytheeveningmyfootwillbegoodenoughtogetmetotheborder.”

Farabovehimonthemountainsidehecouldhearthefaintechoofvoices,startlinghimafterthegreatsilence.Lookinguphesawlightslikelittlepinpointsmovingacrossthefaceofthemountaininthegraylight.Buttheroadwasdeserted,andhestruggledalong,stillalmostinvisibleinthefirstlight,easinghisachingfootwheneverhecould,avoidingstonesandroughplaces,andlimpingquietlyandpainfullytowardsthevillage.Hereachedthechurchatlast.Agreatneedforpeacealmostdrewhiminside,butheknewthatwouldnotdo.Instead,helimpedalongitswallstowardsaveryoldbuildingstandingashortdistancefromthechurchdoors.Itseemedtohavebeenthereforever,asifithadgrownoutofthehillinside.Ithadthesameairoftimelessnessasthechurch.JohnHardingpushedopentheheavywoodendoorandslippedinside.

1.ItisknownfromthepassagethatJohnHardingwas_______.

2.JohnHardingfoundithardtohidehisparachutebecause_______.

3.Inspiteofhisbadankle,JohnHardingwasableto_______.

4.WhenJohnHardinggotoutoftheforest,hesawthat_______.

5.JohnHardingdecidedtogodowntothevillage_______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.anescapedprisoner

B.acriminalontherunfromthepolice

C.aspywhohadbeenhidingintheforest

D.anairmanwhohadlandedinanenemycountryarea

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.hegothisankletwistedseverely

B.thetreesdidnotgiveverygoodcover

C.theearthwasnotsoftandtherewaslittlelight

D.thepineneedleslaytoothickontheground

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.carryonwalkingfairlyrapidly

B.walkinadirectionthatwaslesssteep

C.bearthepainwithoutchangingdirection

D.findoutwherehehadlanded

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.itwasbeginningtogetmuchlighter

B.washingwashangingonthelinesinthevillage

C.thefieldswerefullofsleepingcows

D.sometreeshadbeenclearednearthevillage

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.tofindadoctortoseetohisankle

B.tobenearthefrontier

C.toavoidthesearchparty

D.tofindshelterinabuilding

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段“...hegathereduphisparachutebeforelimpingintothetreestohideitasbestashecould.（……他收起降落傘，跛著腳走入樹(shù)林，盡可能將降落傘藏好。）”可以推斷出約翰?哈丁是一個(gè)降落在敵國(guó)區(qū)域的飛行員。所以D選項(xiàng)“一名降落在敵國(guó)地區(qū)的飛行員”正確。A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)逃犯”和B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)正在被警察追捕的罪犯”說(shuō)法不正確，罪犯有降落傘的可能性極低；C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)藏在森林里的間諜”也不符合題意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Thehardnessofthegroundandthedeepdarknessmadeitalmostimpossibletodothisefficiently.（地面很堅(jiān)硬，天又一片漆黑，這使他幾乎不可能很好地完成這件事。）”，該句中的“這件事”指的就是藏降落傘，因此C選項(xiàng)“地面堅(jiān)硬，而且?guī)缀鯖](méi)有光”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他的腳踝嚴(yán)重扭傷了”是原因之一，但不是最主要的原因；關(guān)于B選項(xiàng)“樹(shù)木沒(méi)有很好的遮蔽”，文章提到“Thepineneedleslayseveralinchesdeep,sohesimplypilethemontopoftheparachute...（堆在地上的松針有幾英尺厚，所以他只需用松針蓋在降落傘的上部……）”，由此可知松針足夠遮蓋住降落傘了，因此B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)“地上的松針太厚了”，說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，這正好給了降落傘一個(gè)很好的掩蓋，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Afterlimpingforsomedistanceinanindirectcourseawayfromhisparachutehebegantomakehiswaydownhillthroughthetrees.Hehadtofindoutwherehewas,andthendecidewhattodonext.Butwalkingdownhillonarapidlyswellinganklesoonprovedtobealmostbeyondhispowers.Hemovedmoreandmoreslowly,walkinginlongsidewaymovementsacrosstheslope,whichmeanttakingmorestepsbutlesspainfulones.（他一瘸一拐地離開(kāi)降落傘，繞道走了一段路，然后穿過(guò)樹(shù)林往下走。他必須弄清楚自己在哪里，然后決定下一步該做什么。但他的腳踝迅速腫脹，走下坡很快就超出了他的能力范圍。他走得越來(lái)越慢，在斜坡上橫著走很長(zhǎng)一段路，這就意味著他要多走幾步，但不那么痛苦了。）”，由此可知C選項(xiàng)“忍受痛苦而不改變方向地向前走”正確。A選項(xiàng)“繼續(xù)相當(dāng)快地走”文中提到“Hemovedmoreandmoreslowly...（他走得越來(lái)越慢）”，由此可知A選項(xiàng)不正確；B選項(xiàng)“朝著不那么陡峭的方向走”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，文中只提到他換了一個(gè)姿勢(shì)，但是并沒(méi)有更換方向；D選項(xiàng)“找出他降落的地方”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，題干問(wèn)的是“盡管腳踝受傷，約翰?哈丁依然能夠……”，文章并沒(méi)有提到他已經(jīng)找到了自己降落的地方，只提到他想要弄清楚，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Bythetimeheclearedthetreesandreachedthevalley,daywasbreaking.（當(dāng)他走出樹(shù)林到達(dá)山谷時(shí)，天已經(jīng)破曉了）”，由此可知A選項(xiàng)“天開(kāi)始變亮了”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“村子里的繩子上掛著剛洗的衣服”文章沒(méi)有提到；C選項(xiàng)“田野里到處都是睡覺(jué)的牛”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，文章只提到了“Smallcottagesandfarmbuildingsgroupedlikesleepingcattlearoundavillagechurch...（在村莊的教堂周?chē)∞r(nóng)舍和農(nóng)場(chǎng)建筑物像沉睡的牛群一樣聚在一起……）”，并沒(méi)有說(shuō)到田野里到處都是沉睡的牛群；D選項(xiàng)“村莊附近的一些樹(shù)被清除了”文章沒(méi)有提到，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段的最后一句話(huà)“SoI’llgodowntothevillage.Withluckbytheeveningmyfootwillbegoodenoughtogetmetotheborder.（所以我要去村子里。運(yùn)氣好的話(huà)，到晚上我的腳就能走到邊境了。）”，由此可知約翰?哈丁決定去村子主要是想去邊境，因此B選項(xiàng)“靠近邊境”正確。A選項(xiàng)“找醫(yī)生治療他的腳踝”和C選項(xiàng)“避開(kāi)搜索隊(duì)”以及D選項(xiàng)“在建筑中尋找庇護(hù)”都不符合題意，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Allsocietieshavedistinctroleexpectationsformenandforwomen.IntheUnitedStates,theseexpectationshavebeenundergoingchangeformanydecades.TodayAmericansliveinaworldofdiversefamilypatternsandconflictingimagesofideallifestylesformenandwomen.Theconventionalnormsofthefirsthalfcenturydefinedasuccessfulwomanasawifeandmotherwhostayedhometocarryoutafullarrayofhouseholdduties.Thehusbandandfatherwasexpectedtostayawayfromthehomemostoftheday,earningenoughmoneytopaythebills.Manyadultsstilllivebytheseexpectations,butthetraditionalpatternisnolongerheldupasanidealtobefollowedbyeveryone.Timeshavechanged;thereisnoreturntoyesterday.

Althoughthewomen’smovementandpoliticalcontroversiesaboutsuchissuesandtheEqualRightsAmendmentandsexualharassmentsuggestthatchangingsexrolesisarecentissue,thisisfarfromthecase.Broadtrendscanbeidentifiedoverthepasthundredyears.Womenhaveincreasedtheirparticipationinthelaborforcefrom18%in1900toover50%today,andtheygivebirthtofewerchildrenthanwomendidinthepast.In1910thebirthratewas30per1,000population;bythe1900sithaddeclinedto16per1,000.Thesetwotrends—increasingparticipationinthelaborforceanddecreasingfamilysize—suggestthatmajorlong-termchangeshaverestructuredtheroleexpectationsofmenandwomen.Thesechangesarecomplex.Thefactthatmorewomenarejoiningthelaborforceasfull-timeworkersdoesnotmeanthatasinglesexrolepatternisemerging.

Onthecontrary,wearelivinginaperiodofdiversefamilypatterns.AccordingtoKathleenGerson,“thedomesticwomanwhobuildsherlifearoundchildrenandhomemakingpersists,butshenowcoexistswithagrowingnumberofworkingmothersandpermanentlychildlesswomen.”

Womentodayfacehardchoicesastheymakedecisionsaboutwork,career,andmotherhood.Despitewomen’sliberation,womenstillearnlessthanmenintheworkplaceandarestillexpectedtodomostoftheworkinthehome.Womenworksubstantiallymorehourseachweekinthehomeandattheworkplacethanmendo.Womenareworkingharderthanever,yetmanydonotenjoythebenefitsoffullequality.

11.Thetraditionrolesformenandwomen______.

12.Changingsexrolesisnotarecentissuebecause______.

13.Thefactthatmorewomenarejoiningthelaborforceasfulltimeworkersmeansthat______.

14.It’sstatedinthelastparagraphthat______.

15.Accordingtothispassage,thestatementwhichisNOTtrueis______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.arediverse

B.areconflicting

C.havebeenchanging

D.arenolongerfollowed

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.womenhaveincreasedtheirparticipationinthelaborforceoverthepasthundredyear

B.moreandmorewomenarebecomingworkingmothersorchildlesswomen

C.theconventionalimageofwomenhaschangedbeyondrecognition

D.peoplehavechangedtheirexpectationsofwomeninmodernsociety

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.womenarebecomingmoreindependent

B.thefamilypatternsarebecomingdiverse

C.asingle-rolepatternisemerging

D.womenareeagertowork

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.womentodaystillsufferfrominequalityinworkandlife

B.women’sliberationhaspromotedtheirsocialstatus

C.thesocietyexpectsmorefromwomenthanfrommen

D.womenaremorecapableanddiligentthanmen

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.manypeoplestillfollowtheconventionalnormsoflifestyle

B.womentodaygivebirthtofewerchildrenthanwomeninthepast

C.moreandmorewomenchoosetoworkratherthantobehousewives

D.mendoasmuchdomesticworkaswomendoathome

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】11.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第一、二句Allsocietieshavedistinctroleexpectationsformenandforwomen.IntheUnitedStates,theseexpectationshavebeenundergoingchangeformanydecades.（所有社會(huì)對(duì)男人和女人都有不同的角色期望。在美國(guó)，這些期望幾十年來(lái)一直在發(fā)生變化。），說(shuō)明男女的傳統(tǒng)角色一直在改變。因此C選項(xiàng)“一直在改變”正確。A選項(xiàng)“多種多樣”，原文說(shuō)的是家庭模式多樣，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“是矛盾的”，原文說(shuō)的是男女理想生活方式相互矛盾，所以B錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“不再遵循傳統(tǒng)”，原文說(shuō)的是很多成年人依然遵循傳統(tǒng)，但這些傳統(tǒng)不再被視為必須遵循的，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

12.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第二、三句Broadtrendscanbeidentifiedoverthepasthundredyears.Womenhaveincreasedtheirparticipationinthelaborforcefrom18%in1900toover50%today,andtheygivebirthtofewerchildrenthanwomendidinthepast.（在過(guò)去的一百年里，我們可以看到大致的趨勢(shì)。女性的勞動(dòng)參與率從1900年的18%提高到今天的50%以上，而且她們比過(guò)去的女性少生孩子。），說(shuō)明性別角色的改變不是最近才出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題，因?yàn)榕缘膭趧?dòng)參與率提高了。因此A選項(xiàng)“在過(guò)去的一百年里，婦女的勞動(dòng)參與度有所提高”正確。B選項(xiàng)“越來(lái)越多的女性成為工作母親或不生育的女性”只說(shuō)明了女性的現(xiàn)狀，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“女性的傳統(tǒng)形象已經(jīng)發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化”，由原文可知，以孩子和家庭為中心的女性仍然大量存在，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中，人們對(duì)女性的期望發(fā)生了變化”不能說(shuō)明這是過(guò)去一百年來(lái)的趨勢(shì)，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

13.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第一句wearelivinginaperiodofdiversefamilypatterns.（我們生活在一個(gè)家庭模式多樣化的時(shí)期。），說(shuō)明越來(lái)越多的女性參與勞動(dòng)成為全職工作者意味著家庭模式多種多樣，既有以孩子和家庭為中心的女性，也有工作母親或不生育的女性。因此B選項(xiàng)“家庭模式日趨多樣化”正確。A選項(xiàng)“女性變得更加獨(dú)立”，D選項(xiàng)“女性渴望工作”在文中沒(méi)有提及，所以A，D錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“單一角色的格局正在形成”，由原文可知，這一事實(shí)并不意味著出現(xiàn)了單一的性別角色模式，所以C錯(cuò)誤。

14.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段Womentodayfacehardchoicesastheymakedecisionsaboutwork,career,andmotherhood…manydonotenjoythebenefitsoffullequality.（今天的女性在工作、事業(yè)和母親身份方面面臨著艱難的選擇……許多人并沒(méi)有享受到完全平等的好處。），說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的女性依然受到了不平等的待遇，比如收入仍然低于男性，仍然被期望做大部分的家務(wù)等。因此A選項(xiàng)“今天的女性在工作和生活中仍然遭受不平等待遇”正確。B選項(xiàng)“女性解放提高了她們的社會(huì)地位”，C選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)對(duì)女性的期望高于男性”，D選項(xiàng)“女性比男性更能干、更勤奮”在文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

15.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項(xiàng)“許多人仍然遵循傳統(tǒng)的生活方式規(guī)范”，由原文可知，以孩子和家庭為中心的女性仍然存在，所以A選項(xiàng)表述正確，排除A。B選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)今女性生育孩子比過(guò)去的女性少”，由原文可知，現(xiàn)在的女性比過(guò)去的女性少生孩子，所以B選項(xiàng)表述正確，排除B。C選項(xiàng)“越來(lái)越多的女性選擇工作而不是做家庭主婦”，由原文可知，越來(lái)越多的女性作為全職工作者加入勞動(dòng)力大軍，所以C選項(xiàng)表述正確，排除C。由D選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“domesticwork”可以定位到文章最后一段第二句Despitewomen’sliberation,womenstillearnlessthanmenintheworkplaceandarestillexpectedtodomostoftheworkinthehome.（盡管女性得到了解放，但女性在工作場(chǎng)所的收入仍然低于男性，她們?nèi)匀槐黄谕龃蟛糠值募覄?wù)。），說(shuō)明女性做的家務(wù)比男性多。因此D選項(xiàng)“男性在家做的家務(wù)和女性做的家務(wù)一樣多”表述錯(cuò)誤，本題選D。

12.填空題

Lastyearthedirectorofourcompanywasaccused（1）corruptionandarrested.Athis（2）threeseniorgovernment（3）testifiedthathehadattemptedtobribethem.Intheendhewasfoundguiltyandsentencedtofifteenyearsin（4）.

【答案】of;trial;officials;prison

【解析】句意:去年，我們公司的董事被控告貪污而被捕。在審判中，三名政府官員舉證其試圖賄賂他們。最終他被判有罪，判處入獄十五年。

1.固定搭配。beaccusedof被控告。

2.語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)后面的testified（舉證）推測(cè)此時(shí)場(chǎng)景為審判時(shí),故填trail。

3.語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)后面的bribe(賄賂)可以推斷出賄賂的對(duì)象一般是指“政府官員”，填officials。

4.語(yǔ)義題。句意為:判處入獄十五年。

13.單選題

AllthenewknowledgewhichDr.Smithhasexplainedandprovidedisatlengthdevelopedandestablished.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.surely

B.eventually

C.precisely

D.consequently

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)surely“當(dāng)然；無(wú)疑；堅(jiān)定地；穩(wěn)當(dāng)?shù)亍?；B選項(xiàng)eventually“最后，終于”；C選項(xiàng)precisely“精確地；恰恰”；D選項(xiàng)consequently“因此；結(jié)果；所以”。句意：史密斯博士解釋并提供的新知識(shí)最終得到了發(fā)展和確立。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞atlength“終究；終歸；最終”，得知B為正確答案。

14.問(wèn)答題

Thepatientneededaspinaltap,andaseniorattendingphysicianaskedamedicalresidentwhetherapreparatorybloodtesthadbeenchecked.Themedicalstudentwasstunnedtohearhimanswerintheaffirmative,becauseshewasquitecertainithadnotbeenchecked.

(1)Well,almostcertain.

Doctorsintrainingsometimesconfrontsituationsinwhichtheyworrythattheirsupervisingphysiciansaremakingmistakesorbendingthetruth.(2)Yeteventhoughsuchactscanjeopardizepatients,theinclinationandabilityofyoungdoctorstospeakupishamperedbythehierarchiesinteachinghospitals.

Onthetopweretheseniorphysicianswhomaderoundsonthewardsonceortwicedaily.Nextweretheoverworkedresidents,whoessentiallylivedinthehospitalwhiletraining.(3)Lastwerethemedicalstudentswhoweremostassuredlyatthebottomoftheheap.

Thestudentwhoseresidentseeminglyliedtotheattendingphysicianaboutthebloodtestdidnotspeakup.Theresidentwasagooddoctor,shesaid,andsoshehadgivenhimthebenefitofthedoubt.And,sheadded,boththeresidentandtheattendingphysicianwouldbegradingher.

Whatshouldamedicalstudentdoinsuchasituation?Onepossibilityistotakethematterupwithamoreseniordoctor.Orthestudentmightgodirectlytothepatientorfamily,tellingthemthatthephysicianshaveagenuinedisagreementandthattheydeservetoknowaboutit.

Theseoptionsseemlogicalonpaper.AstheethicistJamesDwyerhaswritteninTheHastingsCenterReport,“Thepracticeofalwayskeepingquietisafailureofcaring.”(4)Butintherealworld,itmaybeextremelydifficulttogoupthechainofcommand.

Fortunately,medicaleducatorsareincreasinglyrecognizingthedilemmasthatdoctorsintrainingconfrontwhentheywitnessbehaviorthatmakesthemuncomfortable.(5)Studentsandresidentsarenowexpectedtoprovideroutinefeedback—positiveandnegative—abouttheirsupervisingphysiciansatthecloseoftheirrotation.

Ofcourse,physiciansandstudentsneedtobeeducatedabouthowtogivefeedbackinprofessionalandnon-confrontationalways.Medicaleducatorsareonlynowbeginningtoteachthisskill.Still,itwillbehardtochangetheunfortunateperceptionthatconstructivefeedback,evenforapatient’sbenefit,iswhistle-blowing.

【答案】答：

1.Almostcertainly,themedicalstudentwasstunnedtohearsuchananswerfromhissupervisor.

2.Theinclinationandabilityofyoungdoctorstospeakupisstoppedbythehospitalhierarchies,despiteappearanceofmistakesbysupervisingphysicians.

3.Atthebottomofhierarchywerethosemedicalstudentsassuredly.

4.Butinrealhospitalenvironment,itisratherdifficultformedicalstudentstogiveacommand.

5.Medicalstudentsandresidentsshouldmakeregularfeedbackabouttheirsupervisingphysicians,positivelyandnegativelyattheendoftheirrotation.

【解析】1.原文句意是：嗯，幾乎可以肯定。原文這一句是對(duì)上文的肯定，上文提到Themedicalstudentwasstunnedtohearhimanswerintheaffirmative,becauseshewasquitecertainithadnotbeenchecked.（學(xué)醫(yī)的學(xué)生聽(tīng)到他的回答很吃驚，因?yàn)樗芸隙](méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)檢查），所以改寫(xiě)的時(shí)候需要結(jié)合上文的內(nèi)容來(lái)進(jìn)行擴(kuò)充，故改寫(xiě)為Almostcertainly,themedicalstudentwasstunnedtohearsuchananswerfromhissupervisor（幾乎可以肯定的是，醫(yī)學(xué)院的學(xué)生聽(tīng)到他的導(dǎo)師這樣的回答感到很震驚）。

2.原文句意是：然而，即使這樣的行為可能危及病人，但教學(xué)醫(yī)院的等級(jí)制度阻礙了年輕醫(yī)生發(fā)言的傾向和能力。前半句是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，并且actscanjeopardizepatients指的是作為指導(dǎo)醫(yī)生，他們的錯(cuò)誤行為危害到病人的健康，所以可以改寫(xiě)為despiteappearanceofmistakesbysupervisingphysicians（盡管指導(dǎo)醫(yī)生出現(xiàn)了一些錯(cuò)誤）；后半句中的hamper可以用stop來(lái)替代，所以句子改寫(xiě)為T(mén)heinclinationandabilityofyoungdoctorstospeakupisstoppedbythehospitalhierarchies,despiteappearanceofmistakesbysupervisingphysicians（醫(yī)院的等級(jí)制度阻止了年輕醫(yī)生說(shuō)話(huà)的傾向和能力，盡管指導(dǎo)醫(yī)生出現(xiàn)了一些錯(cuò)誤）。

3.原文句意是：最后，處于等級(jí)最下層的肯定是這些醫(yī)學(xué)生。atthebottomoftheheap（在底層）指的是等級(jí)制度的底層，所以可以改寫(xiě)為atthebottomofhierarchy；另外who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句是修飾強(qiáng)調(diào)的，所以句式可以精簡(jiǎn)，故這個(gè)句子可改寫(xiě)為Atthebottomofhierarchywerethosemedicalstudentsassuredly（在等級(jí)制度的最底層肯定是那些醫(yī)科學(xué)生）。

4.原文句意是：但在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中，要爬上指揮鏈可能極其困難。根據(jù)文章語(yǔ)境，inrealworld（在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中）指的就是在醫(yī)院環(huán)境中，而thechainofcommand（指揮鏈）的對(duì)象指的則是位于底層的醫(yī)學(xué)生；故該句子可以改寫(xiě)為Butinrealhospitalenvironment,itisratherdifficultformedicalstudentstogiveacommand（但在現(xiàn)實(shí)的醫(yī)院環(huán)境中，醫(yī)學(xué)生想要得到指揮權(quán)是相當(dāng)困難的）。

5.原文句意是：學(xué)生和住院醫(yī)師現(xiàn)在被要求在輪班結(jié)束時(shí)對(duì)他們的指導(dǎo)醫(yī)生提供常規(guī)的正面和負(fù)面反饋。routine（常規(guī)的）可以改為regular（定期的，普通的）；positiveandnegative在原文中是作為插入語(yǔ)使用，所以可以改為positivelyandnegatively；故該句可改寫(xiě)為Medicalstudentsandresidentsshouldmakeregularfeedbackabouttheirsupervisingphysicians,positivelyandnegativelyattheendoftheirrotation（醫(yī)學(xué)生和住院醫(yī)師應(yīng)該在輪崗結(jié)束時(shí)，定期對(duì)他們的指導(dǎo)醫(yī)生做出正面和負(fù)面反饋）。

15.單選題

Nuclearscienceshouldbedevelopedtobenefitthepeople（

）harmthem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.morethan

B.otherthan

C.betterthan

D.ratherthan

【答案】D

【解析】句意:發(fā)展核科學(xué)是給人們?cè)旄?，而不是危害人們?/p>

短語(yǔ)辨析。Morethan多于，超出;otherthan除了;betterthan超過(guò)，多于;ratherthan而不是。故選D。

16.單選題

Priortothepurchaseoftheflat,thecouplewantedtomakesurethattheywouldhavecompatibleneighbors.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.harmonious

B.energetic

C.capable

D.harsh

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)harmonious“和諧的”；B選項(xiàng)energetic“精力充沛的”；C選項(xiàng)capable“有能力的”；D選項(xiàng)harsh“嚴(yán)厲的”。句意：在購(gòu)買(mǎi)這套公寓之前，這對(duì)夫婦想要確保他們有能和諧相處的鄰居。劃線(xiàn)部分compatible是和諧相處的意思。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

______isgenerallyaccepted,economicgrowthisdeterminedbythesmoothdevelopmentofproduction.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.As

B.What

C.That

D.It

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.As就像，作為B.What什么

C.That那個(gè)D.It它

【考查點(diǎn)】定語(yǔ)從句。

【解題思路】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，所以前半句為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾后面整個(gè)主句，空格處要填入一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞，而as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以放在句首也可以放在句尾，所以該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)都不能引導(dǎo)非限制定定語(yǔ)從句。

【句意】人們普遍認(rèn)為，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)取決于生產(chǎn)的順利發(fā)展。

18.單選題

In2008therewerefearsthatwemightenteranothereconomic（）asbadasthe1930s.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.drop

B.recession

C.decrease

D.slump

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。drop“水滴”；recession“衰退，不景氣”；decrease“減少，降低”；slump“（價(jià)格，數(shù)量等）驟降”。句意：2008年的時(shí)候，有人擔(dān)心我們可能會(huì)進(jìn)入與上世紀(jì)30年代一樣嚴(yán)重的又一次的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退。選項(xiàng)B更符合語(yǔ)境。

19.單選題

PriortotheeventofSeptember11,theBushadministrationhadstartedtochartaclear-cutcourseinSouthAsia.Inthisnewforeignpolicycalculus,India,thelargest,mostpowerfuleconomicallydynamic,politicallystable,andstrategicallysignificantstateintheregion,wasdestinedtoemergeasalinchpin.SuchashiftwaspossiblebecauseunlikearangeofotherAmericanadministrations,bothduringandaftertheColdWar,theGeorgeW.BushregimehadfinallydecidedthatPakistancouldnolongerexerciseavetoonAmericanrelationswithIndia.SuchadecisionwasalsomadepossiblebecauseofPakistan’ssteadydownwardeconomicspiral,thepresenc