考研考博-英語-山東水利職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東水利職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

5.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Heisalawyer.

B.Heisadoctor.

C.Heisatravelagent.

D.Heisanimmigrationofficer.

【答案】B

【解析】M:Well,tellmeaboutyourtrouble.

W:Twohoursaftereating,Igetpain,andthenIfeelit.

Q:Whatwouldthemando?

【解析】推斷題。對(duì)話是醫(yī)患診療的過程，據(jù)此推測(cè)該男士的職業(yè)是醫(yī)生。

2.翻譯題

Contemporarypublicexpendituremanagement(PEM)isinterestedintheprocessofbudgetingprimarilybecauseproceduralrulesstronglyinfluenceexpenditureoutcomes.PEMtakesthepositionthattheserulesaffectthreeimportantoutcomes:thetotalamountspent,thecompositionofexpenditure,andtheefficiencyofgovernmentoperations.PEMseeksproceduresthatincreasetheprobabilityofachievingpreferredoutcomes.Thekeyaspectsofbudgetingaffectingexpenditureoutcomesareinstitutionalarrangements,thetypesofinformationavailableformakingandenforcingexpendituredecisions,theincentivesprovidedforspendersandcontrollerstobehaveinwaysthatpromotedesiredoutcomes,theissuanceandimplementationofsubstantivebudgerules.TheseelementsofPEMareappliedtothethreebasicobjectivesofmodempublicexpendituremanagement:tostrengthenaggregatefiscaldiscipline,toallocatepublicresourcesinaccordwithstrategicpriorities,andtopromotetheefficientprovisionofservices.

Fiscaldisciplinerequireseffectivecontrolofbudgetaggregates:totalrevenueandspendingandthebalancebetweenthesetotals.Whenaggregatecontroliseffective,theseoutcomesaredisciplined;theyresultfromexplicit,enforceddecisionsontheaggregatesbygovernment.Theyarenotmerelythesumofpowerfuldemandsonthebudget.PEMalsoseeksallocativeefficiency.Allocativeefficiencydependsonthecapacitytoshiftresourcesfromoldprogramstonewonesandfromlesstomoreproductiveuses,incorrespondencewithchangingpublicpolicyobjectives.Finally,PEMseeksefficiencyinadministrativeoperations,theprogressivereduction,throughproductivitygains,intherunningcostofgovernmentagenciesandintheunitcostofservices.

【答案】由于程序規(guī)則會(huì)對(duì)支出結(jié)果產(chǎn)生重大影響，當(dāng)代公共支出管理(PEM)研究重點(diǎn)就是編制預(yù)算。公共支出管理(PEM)認(rèn)為這些規(guī)則會(huì)影響三個(gè)重要結(jié)果：支出總金額，支出構(gòu)成和政府運(yùn)作效率。公共支出管理(PEM)尋求方法，以提升達(dá)到預(yù)期結(jié)果的概率。在編制預(yù)算中，影響支出結(jié)果的關(guān)鍵因素包括：制度安排、制定與實(shí)施支出決策的信息種類、保證支出者與管理者努力實(shí)現(xiàn)預(yù)期目標(biāo)的激勵(lì)手段、公布與實(shí)行大量的預(yù)算規(guī)則。這些規(guī)則旨在實(shí)現(xiàn)三個(gè)基本目標(biāo)：加強(qiáng)總的財(cái)政紀(jì)律、依據(jù)戰(zhàn)略重點(diǎn)分配公共資源、促進(jìn)提供有效服務(wù)。

財(cái)政紀(jì)律要求有效控制預(yù)算總量，總收入與總支出以及這兩者總數(shù)之間的平衡。當(dāng)總量控制是有效的，就說明支出受到財(cái)政紀(jì)律的控制。政府給予明確且需執(zhí)行的總量。這一總量并不僅僅是對(duì)預(yù)算有個(gè)明確的總量限制，公共支出管理(PEM)也還要尋求配置效率。配置效率的高低取決于資源從舊項(xiàng)目轉(zhuǎn)移到新項(xiàng)目、從低產(chǎn)向高產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移的能力大小，同時(shí)還要與不斷變化中的國家公共政策目標(biāo)保持一致。最后，公共支出管理(PEM)要尋求行政管理的效率：通過提高生產(chǎn)率，逐步減小政府機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)作成本、服務(wù)的單位成本。

3.單選題

Heavymetalscanimpaircognitivedevelopmentinchildren,whoareespeciallyatriskbecauseoftheirsizeand（

）toabsorbmoreofthesesubstancesthanadultsdo.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.character

B.resistance

C.temper

D.tendency

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.character性格；品質(zhì)B.resistance抵擋力；阻力

C.temper脾氣D.tendency傾向；趨勢(shì)

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】重金屬會(huì)對(duì)兒童的認(rèn)知發(fā)展產(chǎn)生傷害，兒童的體型和……比起成年人能吸收更多的重金屬物質(zhì)，所以他們特別危險(xiǎn)。根據(jù)句意可知兒童的體型和抵抗力都比較弱，所以才會(huì)比成年人更容易吸收重金屬物質(zhì)，所以B選項(xiàng)“抵擋力，阻力”符合題意

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】重金屬會(huì)對(duì)兒童的認(rèn)知發(fā)展產(chǎn)生傷害，兒童的體型和抵抗力比起成年人能吸收更多的重金屬物質(zhì)，所以他們特別危險(xiǎn)。

4.單選題

Mostlargecompaniesprefercustomizedcomputersoftwarebecauseitcanbemoldedtofitthewayacompanydoesbusiness,（

）off-the-shelfsoftwareoftenrequirethecompanytoalteritsprocedurestofitthesoftware.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.when

B.since

C.whereas

D.because

【答案】A

【解析】考查連接詞。when“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”；since“自從，既然”；whereas“然而，反而”；because“因?yàn)椤薄＞湟猓涸诹餍熊浖ǔＲ蠊靖淖兂绦蛞赃m應(yīng)軟件的時(shí)候，大多數(shù)公司更喜歡定制軟件，因?yàn)樗梢员徽{(diào)整以適應(yīng)公司的業(yè)務(wù)方式。前后句沒有構(gòu)成邏輯關(guān)系，故A項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Beneaththerhetoricaboutwhoispracticingapurerformofthesportisanastybattleoverwhowilldominateaccesstotherocks——aficionadosof“sport”.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.creators

B.enthusiasts

C.organizers

D.advocators

【答案】B

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)creators“創(chuàng)作者，造物主”；B選項(xiàng)enthusiasts“熱心人，熱衷者，狂熱者”；C選項(xiàng)organizers“主辦單位，舉辦方，舉辦者”；D選項(xiàng)advocator“提倡者，擁護(hù)者”。句意：在關(guān)于誰在練習(xí)一種更純粹的運(yùn)動(dòng)形式的言辭背后，是一場(chǎng)關(guān)于誰將主導(dǎo)進(jìn)入巖石運(yùn)動(dòng)的惡戰(zhàn)——“體育”的狂熱者。Aficionados“迷，狂熱愛好者”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

ItisMr.YorkwhobangsthedruminJohnKirkpatrick'sapparentlyauthentic,andcertainlysuitablebandmusic.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.genuine

B.reliable

C.honest

D.automatic

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)genuine“真實(shí)的，真正的；誠懇的”；B選項(xiàng)reliable“可靠的；可信賴的”；C選項(xiàng)honest“誠實(shí)的，實(shí)在的；可靠的；坦率的”；D選項(xiàng)automatic“自動(dòng)的；無意識(shí)的；必然的”。句意：約克先生在約翰?柯克帕特里克(JohnKirkpatrick)的音樂中敲起了鼓，這顯然是真實(shí)的，當(dāng)然也是合適的樂隊(duì)音樂。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞authentic“真正的，真實(shí)的；可信的”，得知A為正確答案。

7.單選題

Englandisexperiencingitshardestwinterforyears,someareas______undersixfeetfornearlytwomonths.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.werelying

B.werelaid

C.havinglaid

D.havinglain

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.werelying在撒謊，正處于B.werelaid被覆蓋，被放置

C.havinglaid覆蓋，放置D.havinglain躺下，處于

【考查點(diǎn)】語態(tài)和動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句子前半句意思“英格蘭正在經(jīng)歷多年來最艱難的冬天”，可知，someareas（一些地區(qū)）是被大雪覆蓋了，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；而表示“覆蓋”要用lay，所以werelaid正確。故該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)都表述主動(dòng)語態(tài)，排除。

【句意】英格蘭正在經(jīng)歷多年來最艱難的冬天，一些地區(qū)被埋在6英尺大雪下近兩個(gè)月。

8.單選題

Guthrie’scontiguityprincipleofferspracticalsuggestionsforhowtobreakhabits.

Oneapplicationofthethresholdmethodinvolvesthetimeyoungchildrenspendonacademicactivities.Youngchildrenhaveshortattentionspans,sothelengthoftimetheycansustainworkononeactivityislimited.Mostactivitiesarescheduledtolastnolongerthan30to40minutes.However,atthestartoftheschoolyear,attentionspansquicklywaneandbehaviorproblemsoftenresult.ToapplyGuthrie’stheory,ateachermight,atthestartoftheyear,limitactivitiesto15to20minutes.Overthenextfewweekstheteachercouldgraduallyincreasethetimestudentsspendworkingonasingleactivity.

Thethresholdmethodalsocanbeappliedtoteachingprintingandhandwriting.Whenchildrenfirstlearntoformletters,theirmovementsareawkwardandtheylackfinemotorcoordination.Thedistancesbetweenlinesonapagearepurposelywidesochildrencanfitthelettersintothespace.Ifpaperwithnarrowlinesisinitiallyintroduced,students’letterswouldspilloverthebordersandstudentsmightbecomefrustrated.Oncestudentscanformletterswithinthelargerborders,theycanusepaperwithsmallerborderstohelpthemrefinetheirskills.

Thefatiguemethodcanbeappliedwhendiscipliningdisruptivestudentswhobuildpaperairplanesandsailthemacrosstheroom.Theteachercanremovethestudentsfromtheclassroom,givethemalargestackofpaper,andtellthemtostartmakingpaperairplanes.Afterthestudentshavemadeseveralairplanes,theactivityshouldloseitsattractionandpaperwillbecomeacuefornotbuildingairplanes.

Somestudentscontinuallyracearoundthegymwhentheyfirstentertheirphysicaleducationclass.Toemploythefatiguemethod,theteachermightdecidetohavethesestudentscontinuetorunafewmorelapsaftertheclasshasbegun.

Theincompatibleresponsemethodcanbeusedwithstudentswhotalkandmisbehaveinthemediacenter.Readingisincompatiblewithtalking.Themediacenterteachermightaskthestudentstofindinterestingbooksandreadthemwhileinthecenter.Assumingthatthestudentsfindthebooksenjoyable,themediacenterwill,overtime,becomeacueforselectingandreadingbooksratherthanfortalkingwithotherstudents.

Inasocialstudiesclasssomestudentsregularlyfallasleep.Theteacherrealizedthatusingtheboardandoverheadprojectorwhilelecturingwasveryboring.Soontheteacherbegantoincorporateotherelementsintoeachlesson,suchasexperiments,videotapes,anddebates,inanattempttoinvolvestudentsandraisetheirinterestinthecourse.

1.Thepurposeofthispassageisto（）.

2.Guthrieidentifiedthreemethodsfor（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingisnottheexampleofapplyingthethresholdmethod?

4.Tostopsnackingwhilewatchingtelevision,peopleshouldkeeptheirhandsbusybysewing,painting,workingcrosswordpuzzles,andsoforth.Overtime,watchingTVbecomesacueforengaginginanactivityotherthansnacking.Whatmethodisusedinthisexample?

5.Wecandrawtheconclusionfromthepassagethat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inform

B.persuade

C.debate

D.narrate

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.educatingstudents

B.alteringbadhabits

C.avoidingundesiredaction

D.forminggoodhobbies

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Parentsintroducespinachinsmallbitesormixedwithafoodthatthechildenjoysovertimesothatthechildwillnotrefusetoeatit.

B.Teachersintroduceacademiccontentinshortblocksoftimeforyoungchildrenandgraduallyincreasesessionlengthbutnottowherestudentsbecomefrustratedorbored.

C.Paperwithwiderlinesisfirstusedandthenpaperwithnarrowlinesisintroducedstepbysteptohelpchildrenlearnprintingandhandwriting.

D.Achildmightbemadetothrowtoysuntilitisnolongerfunbyhisparentsinordertochangehisbehaviorofrepeatedlythrowingtoys.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thethresholdmethod.

B.Thefatiguemethod.

C.Theincompatibleresponsemethod.

D.Thepunishmentmethod

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theincompatibleresponsemethodistoforcechildtomakeunwantedresponserepeatedlyinpresenceofstimulusuntilheorshebecomesexhausted

B.thethresholdmethodreferstointroducingundesiredbehaviorwitharesponseincompatiblewiththeundesiredresponsesotheycannotbeperformedsimultaneously

C.thefatiguemethodmeansthatengaginginthebehavioristransformedintoavoidingitbyintroducingthestimulusatfullstrengthsoitbecomesacuefornotperformingit

D.thefatiguemethodisthatinpresenceofstimulusteachershavechildrenmakeresponseincompatiblewithunwantedresponse

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。首先，原文第一句話說到：Guthrie的接觸原則為如何打破習(xí)慣提供了實(shí)用的建議。在接下來的內(nèi)容中主要是闡述是如何應(yīng)用這個(gè)原則，并且提到了幾種方法，由此我們可以推斷，文章的目的主要是向我們闡述這些方法，所以本題選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容：Guthrie的接觸原則為如何打破習(xí)慣提供了實(shí)用的建議。所以這三種方法是為了打破習(xí)慣，也就是改變壞的習(xí)慣，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知，選項(xiàng)D屬于“thefatiguemethod”而不是“thethresholdmethod”。所以本題選D。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的第一句“Theincompatibleresponsemethodcanbeusedwithstudentswhotalkandmisbehaveinthemediacenter.”不契合反應(yīng)法適用于在面對(duì)傳播媒體時(shí)講話和行為不端的學(xué)生。看電視屬于面對(duì)媒體的行為，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。選項(xiàng)A描述的是“疲勞法”而不是“不契合反應(yīng)法”，所以不正確；選項(xiàng)B指的是“不契合反應(yīng)法”而不是“閾值法”，也不正確；選項(xiàng)D描述的是“不契合反應(yīng)法”而不是“疲勞法”，不正確。所以，只有選項(xiàng)C表述正確。

9.單選題

Medicinedependsonotherfieldsforbasicinformation,particularlysomeoftheirspecializedbranches.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conventionally

B.obviously

C.inevitably

D.especially

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)conventionally“通常”；B選項(xiàng)obviously“明顯地”；C選項(xiàng)inevitably“不可避免地”；D選項(xiàng)especially“尤其”。句意：醫(yī)學(xué)依賴于其他領(lǐng)域的基本信息，特別是某些領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)信息分支。表達(dá)的是“特別”的意思，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Alltransactionsare（

）strictly,andweneversell,rentortradeanycustomersname.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.considerable

B.confident

C.considerate

D.confidential

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。considerable意為“相當(dāng)大（或多）的”；confident意為“確信的，深信的”；considerate意為“考慮周到的，體貼的”；confidential意為“機(jī)密的，保密的”。

句意：所有交易都是嚴(yán)格保密的，我們從不出售、租借或交易任何客戶的名字。

11.單選題

Wehopethisradiowillhelpovercomethe____feltduringyourstayinthehospital.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pain

B.loneliness

C.tedium

D.nervousness

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.pain疼痛B.loneliness孤獨(dú)

C.tedium無聊D.nervousness緊張不安

【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接

【解題思路】句意：我們希望這臺(tái)收音機(jī)能幫助你克服在醫(yī)院期間的____感受。根據(jù)句意，首先，空格處所填詞是在醫(yī)院住院的感受，其次，這種感受可以通過聽收音機(jī)解決，C選項(xiàng)tedium“無聊”符合語境，住院是很無聊的，有收音機(jī)聽就不無聊了。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)不符合原文語義邏輯。

【句意】我們希望這臺(tái)收音機(jī)能幫助你克服在醫(yī)院期間的無聊。

12.單選題

Theroomwasfullofpeopleandsmoke.Shestartedtofeel（

）withtheheatinside.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.oppressed

B.congested

C.confronted

D.craned

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:這個(gè)房間里全是人，布滿了煙霧。她開始被里面的熱氣壓的喘不過氣來了。

oppressed被壓迫的;受迫害的。congested擁擠的;擠滿的;(交通)堵塞的;充血的。confronted，confront的過去分詞和過去式。使…無法回避;降臨于;處理。craned，crane的過去分詞和過去式。(為看得更清楚而)探著身子;伸長(脖子)。

13.寫作題

WriteontheANSWERSHEETacompositionofabout250wordsbasedonthetopic“EducationMakesABetterFuture”.

Youaretowriteinthreeparts.

Inthefirstpart,statespecificallywhatyouropinionis.

Inthesecondpart,provideoneortworeasonsoryourexperience(s)tosupportyouropinion.

Inthelastpart,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionormakeasummary.

【答案】略

14.單選題

Topleasenoone[A]Iwillprescribeadeadlydrug,[B]norgiveadvicewhichmaycausehisdeath.[C]NorwillIgive[D]awomanapessarytoprocureabortion.ButIwillpreservethepurityofmylifeandmyart.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Iwillprescribe

B.norgiveadvice

C.NorwillI

D.awoman

【答案】A

【解析】A選項(xiàng)所在內(nèi)容應(yīng)該用倒裝句式，將Iwillprescribe改為willIprescribe。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

15.單選題

Parentshavealegal______toensurethattheirchildrenareprovidedwithefficienteducationsuitablefortheirage.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.impulse

B.influence

C.obligation

D.sympathy

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)impulse“沖動(dòng)；脈沖；刺激；神經(jīng)沖動(dòng)；推動(dòng)力”；B選項(xiàng)influence“影響；勢(shì)力；感化；有影響的人或事”；C選項(xiàng)obligation“義務(wù)；職責(zé)；債務(wù)”；D選項(xiàng)sympathy“同情；慰問；贊同”。句意：父母有法律義務(wù)確保其子女獲得適合其年齡的有效教育。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

MaxWeberproposedacomplexapproachtoinequalitywhichexpresslytakesaccountofnon-economicdimensionsofrankingandinequality.AgainstMarx,Webermaintainsthattheoperationofpowerinsocietiesisyetmorefundamentalthantheireconomicbasis.Power（1）thecapacityofindividualsorgroupstorealizetheirwilleven（2）theoppositionofothers.Thisyieldsthreecategoriesfundamentaltotheanalysisofinequality:class,statusandparty.Inequalitymaybelocatedineconomicallydefined（3）butcouldalsobefoundedinstatusgroupsandpoliticalparties.Inthiselaborationhesoughttorefinethemeasurementofinequalityandtoshowthepotentialsingularityofhiscriteria（4）theirconnectedness.Forexample,powerisoftenlinkedtoclass-basedwealthbutitcanbeseparatedinsituations（5）powerislinkedtoknowledge.Statusreferstostyleoflife.Italsoreferstosocialesteem,therespectandadmiration（6）apersonaccordingtohisorhersocialpositionandthiscanbelocal（7）structuralandtakeaccountofinterpersonalsubjectivities.Marx’sstressonstructuralrelationshipsandontheduplicitousnatureofculturetendstobereplacedbyaviewofclassesasrankedhierarchiesoffixedgroupings（8）individualsmaybemobile.Whilethecategoriesarefixedandclassesarebounded,individualsmay,（9）,changetheirclassposition.（10）,Weber’sdiscussionemphasizeshowbothclassandstatusdistinctioncanaffectpeople’slifechances,thatis,thechancesthatanindividualhastoshareintheeconomicandculturalgoodsofasociety.Materialandculturalgoodsareoften（11）distributedandclassandstatusrankingswillensurethatpeoplewillhave（12）accesstothesegoods.ThesefeaturesofWeber’sthoughtareimportantto（13）whenconsideringnon-classbasedsystemsof（14）.

Theopeningupoftherelationshipbetweeninequality,meaningandmanifestationallowsfortheconsiderationofsystemsofinequalityotherthanclass.Therearerankedsocietieswherethereisunequalaccesstopositionsofstatusandprestigeandthesearenotnecessarilylinkedto（15）.AnexampleisfoundinthosetraditionalAfricansocietieswherethechiefsdidnotliveata（16）standardoflivingthantheirsubjectsandwhereeconomieswereredistributive,（

17）,thechiefreceivedtributewhichhethen（18）hisfollowersasamarkofhisstatusandlargesse.ThepositionofmanyEuropeannoblefamiliesisacontemporaryexampleofrankedsociety:accessto（19）atitleislimited,usuallytofamilymembers,andmanyofthesetitledfamiliesare（20）wealthyandhavenopowerbyvirtueoftheirnobilityintheirsocieties.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasdefinedto

B.isdefinedto

C.isdefinedas

D.definesas

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.fromthefaceof

B.inthefaceof

C.onthefaceof

D.tothefaceof

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.societies

B.categories

C.dimensions

D.classes

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.aswellas

B.besides

C.except

D.exceptfor

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.which

C.why

D.where

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.accorded

B.accords

C.isaccordedto

D.toaccord

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.ratherto

B.ratherthan

C.nootherthan

D.otherthan

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.where

B.throughwhich

C.inwhich

D.towhich

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.moreorless

B.anytheless

C.nonetheless

D.noless

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.However

B.Nevertheless

C.Furthermore

D.But

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.symmetrically

B.asymmetrically

C.fairly

D.unfairly

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.differential

B.similar

C.thesame

D.unequal

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.bearthemtomind

B.beartheminmind

C.beartomind

D.bearinmind

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.hierarchy

B.ranking

C.singularity

D.inequality

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.economicwealth

B.culturalgoods

C.statusdistinctions

D.classrankings

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.high

B.higher

C.low

D.lower

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.forexample

B.suchas

C.thatis

D.what’smore

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.gaveto

B.gaveitto

C.gavebackto

D.gaveitback

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.claim

B.ask

C.inherit

D.assume

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.more

B.muchmore

C.less

D.nolonger

【答案】第1題:

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:A

第7題:B

第8題:C

第9題:C

第10題:C

第11題:C

第12題:A

第13題:D

第14題:D

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:D

第18題:A

第19題:C

第20題:C

【解析】（1）固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配bedefinedas“被定義為……”，選項(xiàng)A和B可排除。又根據(jù)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成be+過去分詞，D選項(xiàng)結(jié)構(gòu)不完整，可排除。句意：權(quán)力被定義為個(gè)人或團(tuán)體的能力。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（2）固定搭配。inthefaceof“面對(duì)”；onthefaceof“從表面上判斷”，沒有搭配fromthefaceof和tothefaceof，選項(xiàng)A和D可排除。句意：權(quán)力被定義為個(gè)人或團(tuán)體即使面對(duì)他人的反對(duì)也能實(shí)現(xiàn)其意志的能力。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（3）邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)上一句提到階級(jí)、地位和黨派，可知下文會(huì)是對(duì)其進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步闡述。butalso后出現(xiàn)了statusgroupsandpoliticalparties，可判斷出此處應(yīng)該提到classes“階級(jí)”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（4）邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)文意，MaxWeber想要通過衡量不平等，體現(xiàn)他的評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的特點(diǎn)和聯(lián)系。所以用aswellas表示“和”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（5）語法題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知空格要填入一個(gè)關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，來修飾先行詞situation。又根據(jù)從句部分句子完整，所以填入關(guān)系副詞在從句中充當(dāng)狀語。where作地點(diǎn)狀語，表示“在這種形勢(shì)下”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（6）語法題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，refers為句子的謂語，所以空格中應(yīng)該填入非謂語動(dòng)詞，選項(xiàng)B和C可排除。又因?yàn)閍ccord和其前面的名詞socialesteem,therespectandadmiration存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以選用動(dòng)詞的-ed分詞表被動(dòng)，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（7）邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)下文，“Marx’sstressonstructuralrelationships”，可知Marx注重結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系。而上文提到的是MaxWeber的觀點(diǎn)，可判斷他注重本地關(guān)系而不是結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系。又根據(jù)固定搭配ratherthan“而不是”。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（8）語法題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知空格應(yīng)該填入適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞來引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞groupings，根據(jù)句意，“借助于這些組群，個(gè)人可能是流動(dòng)的。”，where在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，可排除。throughwhich為介詞+關(guān)系代詞的結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語，表示“借助于…….，通過……”。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（9）邏輯關(guān)系和固定搭配。moreorless“或多或少”；anytheless“更少一些”；nonetheless“依然”；noless“居然”。根據(jù)while可知，上下句之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。句意：盡管社會(huì)群體與階級(jí)是不變的，但是個(gè)人仍然可以或多或少地改變自己的社會(huì)地位。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（10）邏輯關(guān)系。however和nevertheless都表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以可同時(shí)排除。根據(jù)文意，空格后的內(nèi)容是對(duì)上一句內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步闡述和說明，所以兩句存在遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，選用furthermore“此外，而且”表遞進(jìn)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（11）邏輯關(guān)系和副詞辨析。symmetrically“對(duì)稱地，平衡地”；asymmetrically“不對(duì)稱地”；fairly“公平地”；unfairly“不公平地”。句意：Weber的討論強(qiáng)調(diào)了階級(jí)和地位的區(qū)別是如何影響人們的生活機(jī)會(huì)的，物質(zhì)和文化產(chǎn)品必須公平分配。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（12）形容詞詞義辨析。differential“差別的，微分的”；similar“相似的”；thesame“同樣，一樣”；unequal“不平等的”。句意：階級(jí)和地位不同將確保人們獲取有差異的商品。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（13）固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配bearsth.inmind可排除選項(xiàng)A和C。根據(jù)句意：Weber思想的這些特點(diǎn)是我們必須牢記的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（14）句意理解。根據(jù)下文，“Theopeningupoftherelationshipbetweeninequality,meaningandmanifestationallowsfortheconsiderationofsystemsofinequalityotherthanclass.”，可知空格的下文是對(duì)不平等制度的進(jìn)一步闡述，所以空格應(yīng)該填入inequality。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（15）句意理解。根據(jù)上文，“Therearerankedsocietieswherethereisunequalaccesstopositionsofstatusandprestige…”，可知在有等級(jí)的社會(huì)中，獲得地位和名譽(yù)的機(jī)會(huì)是不平等的?？崭袂坝蒩nd連接，表示一種遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。根據(jù)文章“thesearenotnecessarilylinkedto”，these指代上文的status和prestige，可知并不意味著地位和名譽(yù)與經(jīng)濟(jì)財(cái)富有必要的關(guān)聯(lián)。下文用實(shí)例說明的這一觀點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（16）句意理解。根據(jù)上文提到地位和名譽(yù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)財(cái)富沒有必要的關(guān)聯(lián)，可知酋長的生活水平不會(huì)比他的屬下高，所以not…h(huán)igher的比較結(jié)構(gòu)符合文意。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（17）句意理解。forexample“舉例子”；what’smore“還有，此外”；thatis“也就是說”；suchas“例如”。根據(jù)句意，空格后提到在經(jīng)濟(jì)在分配的社會(huì)，酋長會(huì)將貢品贈(zèng)與出去，是對(duì)上文意思的一個(gè)補(bǔ)充。用what’smore表補(bǔ)充說明。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（18）語法題和固定搭配。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，這是由關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，并其在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，代替先行詞tribute，可判斷定語從句中不缺賓語。選項(xiàng)B和D可排除。又根據(jù)固定搭配givesth.tosb.“給某人某物”，givesth.back“歸還”，句意：酋長將貢品給自己的跟隨者。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（19）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。claim“要求，聲稱”；ask“要求，詢問”；inherit“遺傳，繼承”；assume“假定，設(shè)想”。句意：爵位的繼承是受到限制的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（20）句意理解。more“更多的”；muchmore“多得多的”；less“更少的”；nolonger“不再”。句意：許多有頭銜的家族憑借在社會(huì)中的高貴，是不富有的，而且也沒有權(quán)力。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

17.寫作題

Directions:Thepassagecontainstenerrors.Eachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofoneerror.Ineachcase,onlyonewordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassage,trytodetecttheerrorsandwritedownyourcorrectionsontheanswersheet.

【答案】答：

1.burglar改為burglary

2.it改為there

3.is去掉

4.the改為a

5.what改為that

6.may改為must

7.which改為that

8.of改為to

9.unprotect改為unprotected

10.out去掉

【解析】1.【解題思路】分析句子可知，burglar和assault是并列成分，burglar表示“入室竊賊”，而此句是表示“如果你擔(dān)心不斷上升的犯罪率，那么你可能知道你的房子、財(cái)產(chǎn)以及人正越來越處于急劇上升的盜竊和襲擊案件的危險(xiǎn)中”，所以要把burglar改為burglary，表示“入室盜竊”。

2.【解題思路】此句是表示“數(shù)據(jù)表明犯罪率不斷上升”，應(yīng)該用therebe句型，故把it改為there。

3.【解題思路】分析句子可知，show后面是一個(gè)省略了that的賓語從句，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是canhappen，所以要把is去掉。

4.【解題思路】此句表示“你若是住在城市，你成為受害者的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是別人的兩倍”，此處victim是泛指，所以要把表示特指的定冠詞the改為不定冠詞a。

5.【解題思路】分析句子可知，youcando是修飾前面的不定代詞something，做定語從句，表示“幸虧還有些你肯定能做的事”，what只能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，不能引導(dǎo)定語從句，故把what改為that。

6.【解題思路】may表示征求對(duì)方同意或允許，譯為“可能，也許”，這里表示的是“你必須要記住”，表示必要或提出建議，故把may改為must更合適。

7.【解題思路】分析句子可知，which引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，先行詞為indication，但是前面有限定詞no修飾，如果先行詞由限定詞修飾，定語從句引導(dǎo)詞要用that，故把which改為that。

8.【解題思路】indicate表示“表明；示意”，通常與介詞to搭配使用，不與of搭配，故把of改為to。

9.【解題思路】unprotect是動(dòng)詞，表示“無保護(hù)”的意思，而此處是要做形容詞修飾名詞house，所以要用過去分詞的形式作定語，故把unprotect改為unprotected。

10.【解題思路】complete是及物動(dòng)詞，表示“完成”，后面不用跟介詞，故把out去掉。

18.單選題

GiladShalit,anIsraelisoldierheldformorethanfiveyearsbyHamas,theIslamistPalestiniangroupthatrunsGaza,wasfreedinexchange（）1,027Palestinianprisoners.Thefirstbatchof477ofthemwasreleasedthisweek;theremainderareexpectedtobelet（）nextmonth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.for,out

B.for,off

C.of,out

D.of,off

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。inexchangefor“用……交換(物品間交換)”；inexchangeof“換取”；let(sb)off“寬恕，使爆炸/爆發(fā)”；let(sb)out“釋放/放出，泄露，出租”。句意：吉拉德?沙利特，一名被管理加沙的巴勒斯坦伊斯蘭組織哈馬斯關(guān)押了5年多的以色列士兵，以交換1027名巴勒斯坦囚犯為條件后獲釋。其中的477人已于本周獲釋，其余的人預(yù)計(jì)將于下月獲釋。由題意可知第一空應(yīng)該填inexchangeof，第二空應(yīng)填letout，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Inayearmarkedbyuncertaintyandupheaval,officialsatNewOrleansuniversitiesthatdrawapplicantsnationwidearenotfollowingtheusualrulesofthumbwhenitcomestocollegeadmissions.Theonlysurebet,theysay,isthatthisfall’senteringclasses—thefirstsinceKatrina一willbesmallerthanusual.

Intypicalyears,mostcollegeadmissionsofficialscanpredictfairlyaccuratelybythispointintheadmissionscyclehowmanyhighschoolseniorswillcommittoenrollingintheirinstitutions.Manyofthemostselectiveschoolsrequirestudents—whoincreasinglyareapplyingtomultipleinstitutions—tomaketheirchoicesbyMay1.LoyolaUniversity,whosetrusteeswillvoteMay19onwhethertodropseveraldegreeprogramsandeliminate17facultypositions,receivedfewerapplications—about2,900todate,comparedwith3,500inrecentyears.Theschoolhopestoenroll700freshmen,downfrom850inthepastfewyears.HistoricallyblackDillardUniversity,whichisoperatingoutofahotelandwasforcedtocancelitsannualMarchopenhouse,alsosawdrops,asdidXavierUniversity,ahistoricallyblackCatholicinstitutionthatfellbehinditsrecruitmentschedule.Dillardwon’treleasenumbers,butspokeswomanMaureenLarkinssaysapplicationsweredownandenrollmentsareexpectedtobelowerthaninthepast.XavieradmissionsdeanWinstonBrownsaysitsapplicantpoolfellbyabouthalfoflastyear’srecord1,014;hehopestoenroll500freshmen.

Incontrast,TulaneUniversity,whichisthemostselectiveofthefouranddevelopedanaggressiverecruitmentscheduleafterthehurricane,enjoyedan11%increaseinapplicationsthisyear,toarecord20,715.Evenso,officialspredictthatfeweradmittedstudentswillenrollandareprojectingasmaller-than-usualfreshmanclass—1,400,comparedwithamoretypical1,600.TulaneofficialsannouncedinDecemberthattheywouldeliminatesomedepartmentsandfacultypositions.

LikeTulane,otherschoolsaretakingextrastepsthisyeartowooadmittedstudents,oftenbyenlistinghelpfromalumniaroundthecountryandreachingouttostudentswithmoree-mails,phonecallsorWeb-basedinteractionssuchasblogs.Inaddition,Loyolaisrelaxingdeadlines,sweeteningthepotwithlargerscholarshipsandfreezingtuitionatlastyear’slevel.Dillard,too,isfreezingtuition.It’salsohostingtownmeetingsintargetcitiesandregionsnationwide,andmoveditsacademiccalendarbackfromAugusttomid-September“toavertthemajorityofthehurricaneseason,’’Larkinssays.Xavierextendeditsapplicationdeadlineandsteppedupitsone-on-onecontactwithacceptedstudents.AndTulane,amongotherthings,hasdoubledthenumberofon-campusprogramsforacceptedstudentsandhostedacommunityserviceweekendprogram.

Whiletheschoolsexpectapplicantstobeapprehensive,theadmissionsofficialsalsoseeencouragingsignsofpurposefulnessamongapplicants.“Alotofstudentswhoarechoosingtocometothiscity(are)saying,‘Iwanttobeapartof(theaction)'",saysStieffel,notingthatLoyola’stransferapplicationswereup30%.AndwhileapplicationstoXavieraredown,Brownisbettingthatstudentswhodoapplyareserious.“Theoneswhoareapplying,wefeel,aremorelikelytocome,”hesays.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

2.Thefollowingstatementsarefalseotherthan（

）.

3.Inordertoattractapplicants,LoyolaUniversityandDillardUniversityare（

）.

4.Thepassagemainlyconcentratesonthesubjectof（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.manyofthestudentsrequiresmallerclassesthanusualintheinstitutions

B.mostcollegeadmissionsofficialscannotpredicthowmanystudentswillcommittoenrollingintheirinstitutionsbyMay1thisyear

C.manyofthestudentsareincreasinglyapplyingtomultipleinstitutionstomaketheirchoicesbyMay1thisyear

D.intypicalyears,mostcollegesrequirestudentstoapplyandcommittotheirinstitutions

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.TulaneUniversityalsosawdropsinapplicationthisyear

B.XavierUniversity,asahistoricallyblackCatholicinstitution,fellbehindtherecruitmentscheduleofDillardUniversity

C.XavierUniversitydeanWinstonBrownsaysthetotalnumberthathehopestoenrollisabout1,500freshmen

D.LoyolaUniversitywillvoteonwhethertoeliminate17facultypositionsduetoreceivingfewerapplicationsofstudents

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.reducingthetuitionrespectively

B.hostingmeetings

C.increasingthescholarshipsrespectively

D.extendingtheapplicationdeadline

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thedropsoftheapplicantsoftheuniversities

B.thedilemmaoftheadmissionofficials

C.theusualrulesofcollegeadmissions

D.theeffectsofthehurricanes

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

【解析】1.推斷題。原文第一段指出:今年秋天的班級(jí)容量將會(huì)變小,故選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問的是下列哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)正確。第二段指出:LoyolaUniversity,...willvote...whetherto...eliminate17facultypositions,receivedfewerapplications,D項(xiàng)與此對(duì)應(yīng)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)對(duì)比。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞attractapplicants定位至第四段:…freezingtuitionatlastyear’slevel.Dillard,too,isfreezingtuition,據(jù)此判斷兩所大學(xué)都采取了freezingtuition(降低學(xué)費(fèi))的措施。

4.主旨題。文章講述了4所大學(xué)今年的招生情況，學(xué)生申請(qǐng)人數(shù)較以往都有所下降。

20.單選題

Theplane______,itsbombsexplodingasithittheground.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.smashed

B.crushed

C.plunged

D.crashed

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.smashed打碎；猛烈撞擊B.crushed壓壞；壓碎

C.plunged使突然前沖（或下落）D.crashed碰撞；撞擊

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)asithittheground（當(dāng)它撞到地面時(shí)）可知，飛機(jī)是因碰撞而墜毀，空格處填入D項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)是指用很大的力量移動(dòng)某物使其猛烈撞擊；

B項(xiàng)不符合句意；

C項(xiàng)指突然向前或向下移動(dòng)，不符合語境。

【句意】飛機(jī)墜毀了，飛機(jī)上的炸彈在落地時(shí)爆炸。

21.單選題

Inthisfac