考研考博-英語-山東現(xiàn)代學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東現(xiàn)代學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Weoften______ourenergiesintrivialoccupations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dissipated

B.indulged

C.unscrambled

D.took

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)dissipated“消散；浪費(fèi)”；B選項(xiàng)indulged“沉溺；滿足；放任”；C選項(xiàng)unscrambled“使……還原；譯出；理順，理清”；D選項(xiàng)took“拿；?。唤邮堋?。句意：我們經(jīng)常……我們的精力在瑣碎的工作上。根據(jù)單詞trivialoccupations（瑣碎的工作），可推測(cè)我們經(jīng)常會(huì)浪費(fèi)我們的精力在一些瑣碎的工作上，結(jié)合此處語境，選項(xiàng)A為正確答案。

2.單選題

________arepoorobserversoftheirchild’sbehavior,sodeviantbehaviorreachesunmanageableproportions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Parentsthat

B.Parents

C.Whenparents

D.Ifparents

【答案】B

【解析】考查連詞。句意：因?yàn)楦改覆簧朴谟^察孩子的行為，所以離譜的行為將會(huì)到達(dá)一個(gè)難以掌控的比例。這個(gè)句子關(guān)鍵詞是連詞so，我們要連接兩個(gè)完整的句子，所以答案選B；其他選項(xiàng)與題干結(jié)合都是把前面一半句當(dāng)成從句看待，從句不能算是真正意義上的句子只能在句子中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分，所以A，C，D選項(xiàng)不能選。

3.單選題

A______judgeweighsalltheevidenceandexcludesallpersonalfeelings.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.scrupulous

B.restless

C.sarcastic

D.resourceful

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)scrupulous“細(xì)心的；小心謹(jǐn)慎的；一絲不茍的；嚴(yán)格認(rèn)真的”；B選項(xiàng)restless“焦躁不安的；不安寧的；得不到滿足的”；C選項(xiàng)sarcastic“挖苦的；尖刻的，辛辣的”；D選項(xiàng)resourceful“足智多謀的；機(jī)智的”。句意：一位_____法官會(huì)權(quán)衡所有的證據(jù)，排除所有的個(gè)人感情。一絲不茍，嚴(yán)格認(rèn)真符合法官形象，權(quán)衡證據(jù)以及排除個(gè)人感情說明一絲不茍，不能體現(xiàn)機(jī)智，所以A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Ithaslongbeenrecognizedthattheimmigrantgenerationoftenarrivesinanewlandaspioneerswithdreamsofmakingabetterlifeforthemselvesaswellasfortheirchildren.Theobjectivesofthefirstgenerationarerelativelyclear:getajob,earnmoney,learnanewlanguage,ifpossible,offeraneducationtothechildren,andingeneralimprovetheirlotinlife.Familyreunificationisanotherpowerfulmotivedrivingmanynewarrivals.Somenewimmigrants,perhapsmorethanthecurrentanti-immigrationlobbymayrealize,oftenwisheventuallytoreturnhometosettlethereoncefinancialconsiderationsallowit.

Theobviousdifficultiesthatmostimmigrantsfaceincludelanguageinadequacies,ageneralunfamiliaritywiththecustomsandexpectationsofthenewcountry(whatanthropologistsrefertoas“culturaldiscontinuities”),limitedeconomicopportunities,poorhousingconditions,discrimination,xenophobia,andwhatpsychologiststermthe“stressesofacculturation”.

Despitetheseobstacles,inmanycases,immigrantsexperiencetheirlotasbeingbetterthanitwasintheircountryoforigin.Becauseofaperceptionofrelativematerialimprovement,manyimmigrantsmayfailtointernalizetheanti-immigrantnegativeattitudesofthehostcountrytowardthem,maintainingtheircountryoforiginasapointofreference.Inaddition,recentimmigrantscommonlyviewandexperiencetheircurrentlotnotintermsoftheidealsandexpectationsofthemajoritysocietybutratherintermsoftheidealsandexpectationsofthe“oldculture”.

Thisispartofaninterestingorientationthathasbeentermed“theimmigrant’sdualframeofreference”.TheSuarez-Orozcoshavenoticedimmigrantsareconstantlycomparingandcontrastingtheircurrentlotinthehostsocietyagainsttheirexperiences,opportunities,andexpectationsinthecountryoforigin.Duringtheearliestphasesofimmigration,thenewarrivalsmaycometorealizethenewcountryasalandofunlimitedopportunities,concentratingonthenegativeaspectsoflifeinthelandleftbehind.Thesecondgeneration,incontrast,cannotcomparetheirowncurrentexperiencestopreviousexperiencesofrelativedeprivation.Instead,theirstandardofassessmentmaybethehostculture’saffluentideals(oftenrepresentedintelevisionandfilms)whichtheyarelikelytofindthemselveslacking.Fromthesecondgeneration’sperspective,theirlotinlifehasdecidedlynotimproved.

Researchershavesuggestedthatsocio-culturalandsocio-economicfactors,aswellasovercrowdedandpoorlystaffedschools,seemtoleadtomanyacculturalimmigrantstudentseventuallytodevelopambivalentattitudestowardschoolsandthevalueofeducation.Inaddition,weargue,ongoingdiscriminationanddisparagementspeciallytargetedto“unwanted”newimmigrantsisparticularlydestructive.Last,whenlearningandsuccessinaninstitutionofthedominantculture—thatis,theschool—cometobeexperiencedasanactofethnicbetrayal,signifyingawishto“bewhite”,learningmaybecomeaproblemtosomeethnicandimmigrantminoritystudents.Asaconsequence,ahighdrop-outratecontinuestobeasevereprobleminsomecommunitiesofminorityimmigrantchildren.

1.Itcanbeinferredthattheattitudeofsomenewimmigrantstowardstheirmotherlandismainly（）.

2.Theterm“theimmigrant’sdualframeofreference,”(Para.4)refersto（）.

3.Whatcanbeknownaboutthesecondgenerationofimmigrants?

4.Whatdoestheword“disparagement”(Para.5)showbythenativestoimmigrantstudents?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.detesting

B.worried

C.nostalgic

D.nonchalant

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.immigrants’differentstandardsofexaminingtheirlifeexperiences

B.immigrants’rosyexpectationsoflifeandtheirsadmemoryofthepastlife

C.thedilemmasofboththefirstandthesecondgenerationsofimmigrants

D.thecontrastbetweentheimmigrant’smaterialsuccessandtheirpursuitofideals

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhavetheirlotinlifetotallydestroyed.

B.Theymaintaintheiridentityliketheirparents.

C.They’dliketochooseTVhostsastheirmodels.

D.Theythinkofthemselvesasmateriallypoor.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Ambiguity.

B.Contempt.

C.Ignorance.

D.Hostility

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的最后兩句,家庭團(tuán)聚是驅(qū)使許多新移民的另一個(gè)強(qiáng)大動(dòng)機(jī)?；蛟S目前反移民游說團(tuán)體沒有意識(shí)到的是:一些新移民往往希望最終回到家鄉(xiāng)定居,只要經(jīng)濟(jì)條件允許。由此可知,新移民的態(tài)度是懷舊的,選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.根據(jù)第四段第二句“hecountryoforigin.”移民不斷地將他們目前所處社會(huì)的命運(yùn)與他們?cè)谠畤?guó)的經(jīng)歷、機(jī)遇和期望進(jìn)行比較和對(duì)照。這是移民考查生活經(jīng)歷的不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn),選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Fromthesecondgeneration’sperspective,theirlotinlifehasdecidedlynotimproved.”從第二代人的角度來看,他們的生活顯然沒有改善。也就是說,他們的生活實(shí)際上被毀了,因?yàn)樗麄儾幌裆弦惠吥菢涌梢詫?duì)比自己不同的生活經(jīng)歷,他們的評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基本來自于影視中,他們?nèi)狈硐?。選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.根據(jù)原文句意可知,disparagement應(yīng)該和discrimination意思相近,選項(xiàng)中B項(xiàng)與之意思最為相近。

5.單選題

Lovedoesnot________gazingateachother,butinlookingtogetherinthesamedirection.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.phasein

B.fadein

C.givein

D.consistin

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.phasein逐步采用，逐步到位B.fadein漸顯，漸強(qiáng)

C.givein讓步，投降D.consistin在于，存在于

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。

【解題思路】由but可知，前后兩個(gè)分句之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系，后半句說到“而在于注視著同一個(gè)方向（inthesamedirection）”，與其相對(duì)的是“注視彼此（eachother）”，本句表達(dá)的是愛情的意義和特點(diǎn)，即愛情是什么，在于什么。consistin指作為基本或主要部分和特征，因此D選項(xiàng)consistin“在于，存在于”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)phasein“逐步采用，逐步到位”指在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)逐漸開始使用某物或做某事，通常使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，且不符合題干的語義邏輯；

B選項(xiàng)fadein“漸顯，漸強(qiáng)”指變得更清楚或更大聲，后面不接動(dòng)詞，且不符合題干的語義邏輯；

C選項(xiàng)givein“讓步，投降”指接受一直在抵制或反對(duì)的事情，后面不接動(dòng)詞，且不符合題干的語義邏輯。

【句意】愛情不在于彼此凝視，而在于注視著同一個(gè)方向。

6.單選題

Thelocalgovernmentisplanningtomake（

）fortheelderlypeopleinahousingprogram.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.provision

B.admittance

C.assistance

D.condition

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。provision“準(zhǔn)備，規(guī)定，條款”；admittance“進(jìn)入，入場(chǎng)權(quán)，通道”；assistance“幫助，援助”；condition“條件，情況，環(huán)境”。makeprovisionfor“為將來需要、困難做準(zhǔn)備”。句意：當(dāng)?shù)卣?jì)劃在住房項(xiàng)目上給老年人提供幫助。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

PresidentClinton’sdecisiononApr.8tosendChinesePremierZhuRongjipackingwithoutanagreementonChina’sentryintotheWorldTradeOrganizationseemedtobeamassivemiscalculation.ThePresidenttookadrubbingfrommuchofthepress,whichhadbreathlesslyreportedthatadealwasinthebag.TheCabinetandWhiteHousestillappeareddivided,andbusinessleaderswerecharacterizedasfuriousoverthelostopportunity.ZhuchargedthatClintonlacked‘thecourage”toreachanaccord.AndwhenClintonlatertelephonedtheangryZhutopledgearenewedeffortatnegotiations,thegesturewaswidelyportrayedasaflip-flop.

Infact,ClintonmadetherightdecisioninholdingoutforabetterWTOdeal.Alotmorehorsetradingisneededbeforeafinalagreementcanbereached.AndwithouttheAdministration’sgoalofa“bullet-proofagreement”thatbusinesslobbyistscanenthusiasticallyselltoaRepublicanCongress,thewholeprocesswillendupinpartisanacrimonythatcouldharmrelationswithChinaforyears.

THEHARDPART.Manybusinesslobbyists,whiledisappointedthatthedealwasnotclosed,agreethatbettertermscanstillbehad.AndTreasury,SecretaryRobertE.Rubin,NationalEconomicCouncilDirectorGeneB.Spelling,CommerceSecretaryWilliamM.Daley,andtoptradenegotiatorCharleneBarshefskyalladvisedClintonthatwhiletheChinesehadmadearemarkablenumberofconcessions,“we’renotthereyet，’’accordingtoseniorofficials.

NegotiatingwithZhuovertheremainingissuesmaybetheeasypart.AlthoughClintoncansignalU.S.approvalforChina’sentryintotheWTOhimself,heneedsCongresstograntBeijingpermanentmost-favored-nationstatusaspartofabroadtradeaccord.AndthetemptationformeddlingonCapitalHillmayproveover-whelming.ZhuhadbarelylandedbeforeSenateMajorityLeaderTrentLott(R-Miss)declaredhimselfskepticalthatChinadeservedentryintotheWTO.AndSenatorJesseA.Helms(R-NC)andErnestF.Hollings(D-S.C)promisedtointroduceabillrequiringcongressionalapprovalofanydeal.

Thehiddenmessagefromthesethreetextile-stateSoutherners:GetmoreprotectionfortheUS.clothingindustry.Hopingtosmooththeway,theAdministrationtried,butfailed,tobudgeZhuontextiles.Alsoleftinthelurch:WallStreet,Hollywood,andDetroit.ZhurefusedtoopenupmuchofthelucrativeChinesesecuritiesmarketandinsistedon"cultural"restrictionsonAmericanmoviesandmusic.HealsoblockedeffortstoallowU.S.automakerstoprovidefleetfinancing.

BIGJOB.Already,businesslobbyistsareblanketingCapitolHilltopresaleanyeventualagreement,butwhatthey'veheardsofarisn'tencouragingRepublicans,includingLott,saythat"thetimejustisn’tright”forthedeal.Translation:We'redeterminedtomakeitlookasifClintonhascapitulatedtotheChineseandisignoringhuman,religious,andlaborrightsviolations;thetheftofnuclear-weaponstechnology;andthesaleofmissilepartstoAmerica'senemies.Beijing'sfiercecriticswithintheDemocraticParty,suchasSenatorPaulD.WellstoneofMinnesotaandHouseMinorityleaderRichardA.GephardtofMissouri,won'thelp,either.

JusthowtoughthelobbyingjobonCapitolHillwillbebecomeclearonApr.20,whenRubinlectured19chiefexecutivesontheneedtodisciplinetheirRepublicanallies.WithbusinessandtheWhiteHousestilltradingchargesoverwhoisresponsibleforthedefeatoffast-tracktradenegotiatinglegislationin1997,workingtogetherwon'tbeeasy.AndRepublicans-withawink-saythatthey'lleventuallyembraceChina'sentryintotheWTOasafavortoCorporateAmenity.ThoughnotlongbeforetheytortureClinton.ButZhuisoutonalimb,andifCongressoverdoesthecriticism,hemaybeforcedbydomesticcriticstorenege.BusinessmustmakethismuchdeartobothitsGOPalliesandtheWhiteHouse:Thishistoricdealistooimportanttorisklosingtoanymorepartisansquabbling.

1.Themainideaofthispassageis（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

3.Whatdoesthesentence"Alsoleftinthelurch:WallStreet,Hollywood,Detroit"convey?

4.WhoplaystheleadingpartinthedealinAmerica?

5.WhatwastheattitudeoftheRepublicanPartytowardChina'sentryintotheWTO?

A.ContradictoryB.AppreciativeC.Disapproving.D.Detestful.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheContradictionbetweentheDemocraticPartyandtheRepublicanParty

B.OnChina’sentryintoWTO

C.Clintonwasright

D.BusinessLobbyistsControlCapitolHill

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Americawillmakeconcessions

B.AmericawillholdoutforabetterWTO

C.ClintonhastherighttosignalU.S.approvalforChina’sentry

D.DemocraticpartyapproveChina’sentryintotheWTO

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.PremierZhurejectedtheirrequirements.

B.Thethreeplacesoverdidcriticism.

C.Theywantedmoreprotection.

D.Theyareintrouble.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.WhiteHouse

B.Republicans

C.TheDemocraticParty

D.Businessmen.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Contradictory

B.Appreciative

C.Disapproving.

D.Detestful.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章的主旨句為:ClintonmadetherightdecisioninholdingoutforabetterWTOdeal(克林頓故意拖延以謀取更多的利益的決定是正確的)。

2.推斷題。題干問的是從文章中推斷出什么。選項(xiàng)C:克林頓有簽署批準(zhǔn)中國(guó)入世之權(quán)。D：民主黨贊成中國(guó)加入世貿(mào)，這兩項(xiàng)都是事實(shí),因此排除。選項(xiàng)B:美國(guó)會(huì)故意拖延以求取得更好的條件。根據(jù)文章推斷這可能性小。推斷選項(xiàng)A(美國(guó)將會(huì)作出讓步)正確。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位至第五段，題干句子后一句:ZhurefusedtoopenupmuchofthelucrativeChinesesecuritiesmarketandinsistedon"cultural"restrictionsonAmericanmoviesandmusic.HealsoblockedeffortstoallowU.S.automakerstoprovidefleetfinancing(朱镕基拒絕開放利潤(rùn)豐厚的中國(guó)證券市場(chǎng)，堅(jiān)持對(duì)美國(guó)電影和音樂實(shí)行“文化”限制。他還阻止了美國(guó)汽車制造商提供車隊(duì)融資)。因此A項(xiàng)(朱總理拒絕了他們的要求)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。通過文章內(nèi)容推斷商界在美國(guó)的交易中起主導(dǎo)作用。

5.態(tài)度方向。共和黨一開始是反對(duì)的。第六段說時(shí)間不對(duì)。最后一段共和黨一下子有所改變，他們最終將會(huì)接受中國(guó)加入世貿(mào)組織以表示對(duì)整體美國(guó)的好感。不管是商人院外活動(dòng)集團(tuán)的作用，還是明確指出重開談判的重要性。這一歷史事件太重要絕不能因黨爭(zhēng)而失去機(jī)會(huì)。共和黨縱然心中不愿，也不得不接受現(xiàn)實(shí)。心情是矛盾的。由此得出選擇A:矛盾。

8.寫作題

Forthispartyouarerequiredtowriteacompositionofnolessthan150wordsaccordingtothefollowingtopic.PleasewriteyourcompositionclearlyontheAnswerSheetprovided.

TOPIC:

InChina,manycompanies,organizations,evenuniversities,refusetoemployfemaleschoolgraduates.Duringeconomicrecession,femaleemployeesarefrequentlythefirsttobelaidoff.Isitfair?Pleasewriteanessaytoexplainyourposition.Pleaseuseadequatematerialtosupportyourposition.

【答案】UnfairtoWoman9.單選題

Hismotherscannedhisfacetoseeifhewastellingthetruth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.indicated

B.scrutinized

C.caressed

D.penetrated

【答案】D

【解析】考查同義動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)indicated“表明，顯示，象征，暗示”；B選項(xiàng)scrutinized“仔細(xì)查看；認(rèn)真檢查；細(xì)致審查”，表示用挑剔的眼光以及對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)苛求的態(tài)度檢查；C選項(xiàng)caressed“撫摸，愛撫”；D選項(xiàng)penetrated“看透；透過……看見，洞察；發(fā)現(xiàn)；揭示”。句意：他母親審視著他的臉，想看看他是否在說真話。Scan“細(xì)看；察看；審視；端詳”。D選項(xiàng)與scan意思最接近，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Cripplinghealthcarebills,longemergency-roomwaitsandtheinabilitytofindaprimarycarephysicianjustscratchthesurfaceoftheproblemsthatpatientsfacedaily.

Primarycareshouldbethebackboneofanyhealthcaresystem.Countrieswithappropriateprimarycareresourcesscorehighlywhenitcomestohealthoutcomesandcost.TheU.S.takestheoppositeapproachbyemphasizingthespecialistratherthantheprimarycarephysician.

ArecentstudyanalyzedtheproviderswhotreatMedicarebeneficiaries.ThestartlingfindingwasthattheaverageMedicarepatientsawatotalofsevendoctorstwoprimarycarephysiciansandfivespecialistsinagivenyear.Contrarytopopularbelief,themorephysicianstakingcareofyoudon’tguaranteebettercare.Actually,increasingfragmentationofcareresultsinacorrespondingriseincostandmedicalerrors.

Howdidweletprimarycareslipsofar?Thekeyishowdoctorsarepaid.Mostphysiciansarepaidwhenevertheyperformamedicalservice.Themoreaphysiciandoes.Regardlessofqualityoroutcome,thebetterhe’sreimbursed.Moreover,theamountaphysicianreceivesleansheavilytowardmedicalorsurgicalprocedures.Aspecialistswhoperformsaprocedureina30-minutevisitcanbepaidthreetimesmorethanaprimarycarephysicianusingthatsame30minutestodiscussapatient’sdisease.Combinethisfactwithannualgovernmentthreatstoindiscriminatelycutreimbursements，physiciansarefaceswithnochoicebuttoincreasequantitytoboostincome.

Primarycarephysicianswhorefusetocompromisequalityareeitherdrivenoutofbusinessortocash-onlypractices,furthercontributingtothedeclineofprimarycare.

Medicalstudentsarenotblindtothisscenario.Theyseehowheavilythereimbursementdeckisstackedagainstprimarycare.Therecentnumbersshowthatsince1997,newlygraduatedU.Smedicalstudentswhochooseprimarycareasacareerhavedeclinedby50%.Thistrendresultsinemergencyroomsbeingoverwhelmedwithpatientswithoutregulardoctors.

Howdowefixthisproblem?

Itstartswithreformingthephysicianreimbursementsystem.Removethepressureforprimarycarephysicianstosqueezeinmorepatientsperhour,andrewardthemforoptimallymanagingtheirdiseasesandpracticingevidence-basedmedicine.Makeprimarycaremoreattractivetomedicalstudentsbyforgivingstudentloansforthosewhochooseprimarycareasacareerandreconcilingthemarkeddifferencebetweenspecialistandprimarycarephysiciansalaries.

We’reatapointwhereprimarycareisneededmorethanever.Withinafewyears,thefirstwaveofthe76millionBabyBoomerswillbecomeeligibleforMedicare.Patientsolderthan85,whoneedchroniccaremost,willriseby50%thisdecade.

Whowillbetheretotreatthem?

1.Theauthor’schiefconcernaboutthecurrentU.Shealthcaresystemis（

）.

2.Welearnfromthepassagethatpeopletendtobelievethat（

）.

3.Facedwiththegovernmentthreatstocutreimbursementsindiscriminatelyprimarycarephysicianshaveto

（

）.

4.Whydomanynewmedicalgraduatesrefusetochooseprimarycareastheircareer?

5.Whatsuggestiondoestheauthorgiveinordertoprovidebetterhealthcare?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theinadequatetrainingofphysicians

B.thedecliningnumberofdoctors

C.theshrinkingprimarycareresources

D.theever-risinghealthcarecosts

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.themorecostlythemedicine,themoreeffectivethecure

B.seeingmoredoctorsmayresultinmorediagnosticerrors

C.visitingdoctorsonaregularbasisensuresgoodhealth

D.themoredoctorstakingcareofapatient,thebetter

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.increasetheirincomebyworkingovertime

B.improvetheirexpertiseandservice

C.makevariousdealswithspecialists

D.seemorepatientsattheexpenseofquality

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyfindtheneedforprimarycaredeclining.

B.Thecurrentsystemworksagainstprimarycare.

C.Primarycarephysicianscommandlessrespect.

D.Theythinkworkinginemergencyroomstedious.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Bridgethesalarygapbetweenspecialistsandprimarycarephysicians.

B.Extendprimarycaretopatientswithchronicdiseases.

C.Recruitmoremedicalstudentsbyofferingthemloans.

D.Reducethetuitionofstudentswhochooseprimarycareastheirmajor.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。通讀全文，可知作者提出了美國(guó)目前初級(jí)護(hù)理醫(yī)師比例的嚴(yán)重失衡，造成這一現(xiàn)象的主要原因是薪酬，以及解決的方法，因此C選項(xiàng)“初級(jí)保健資源萎縮”符合題意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中Contrarytopopularbelief,themorephysicianstakingcareofyoudon’tguaranteebettercare.（與人們普遍的看法相反，醫(yī)生照顧你的次數(shù)越多，就不能保證更好的護(hù)理）可知人們通常認(rèn)為醫(yī)生照顧病人越多，就越好。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段和第五段中physiciansarefaceswithnochoicebuttoincreasequantitytoboostincome.Primarycarephysicianswhorefusetocompromisequalityareeitherdrivenoutofbusinessortocash-onlypractices（醫(yī)生們別無選擇，只能增加數(shù)量以增加收入。拒絕妥協(xié)質(zhì)量的初級(jí)保健醫(yī)師要么被逐出行業(yè)，要么從事與一些現(xiàn)金相關(guān)的行業(yè)）可知D選項(xiàng)“以犧牲質(zhì)量為代價(jià)看更多的病人”符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章第六段Theyseehowheavilythereimbursementdeckisstackedagainstprimarycare.（他們看到了費(fèi)用返還體制是如何嚴(yán)重地弄虛作假，不利于初級(jí)護(hù)理）可知B選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)行制度是針對(duì)初級(jí)護(hù)理”符合題意。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章倒數(shù)第三段提出了解決初級(jí)護(hù)理的一些措施，包括：改革醫(yī)生返還費(fèi)用制度；減輕初級(jí)保健醫(yī)生壓力；免除選擇初級(jí)護(hù)理作為職業(yè)的學(xué)生貸款；縮小?？漆t(yī)師與初級(jí)護(hù)理醫(yī)師薪水的差異。因此A選項(xiàng)“縮小專家和初級(jí)保健醫(yī)生之間的工資差距”符合題意。

11.單選題

Hervoice（

）assheadmittedwhatshehaddone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hesitated

B.injected

C.floated

D.slid

【答案】A

【解析】hesitate躊躇，猶豫；inject注入，注射；float浮動(dòng)，飄流；slid滑落，不知不覺地陷入。句意：她承認(rèn)自己所做的事時(shí)，她的表達(dá)有些猶豫。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

12.單選題

This（）girlisMary'scousin.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prettylittleSwedish

B.Swedishlittlepretty

C.Swedishprettylittle

D.littleprettySwedish

【答案】A

【解析】考查多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)的詞序。通常順序是:?限定詞—表示說話人評(píng)價(jià)的形容詞—表示大小、形狀、新舊的形容詞—表示顏色的形容詞—表示國(guó)別、來源、材料的形容詞—表示用途或目的的形容詞或分詞,名詞等類別詞—名詞中心詞。根據(jù)規(guī)則,選項(xiàng)A正確。

13.單選題

Britainhasthehighest（

）ofroadtrafficintheworld—over60carsforeverymileofroad.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.popularity

B.prosperity

C.intensity

D.density

【答案】D

【解析】形近詞辨析。popularity普遍，流行；prosperity興旺，繁榮；intensity強(qiáng)烈，劇烈；density密集，稠密，密度。根據(jù)后面一句over60carsforeverymileofroad(每英里有60多輛汽車),推測(cè)D項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Democraticgovernmentisaphrasethatisnotoriouslyhardto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.credit

B.defend

C.modify

D.define

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。credit信任，歸功于；defend辯護(hù)，防守；modify修改；define定義。

句意：民主政府這個(gè)詞眾所周知的難以定義。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

15.單選題

Thefilmwasgiventheabsent（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.treatment

B.board

C.applause

D.comment

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)treatment“治療，療法，處理，對(duì)待”；B選項(xiàng)board“董事會(huì)，木板，甲板，膳食”；C選項(xiàng)applause“歡呼，喝彩，鼓掌歡迎，掌聲”；D選項(xiàng)comment“評(píng)論，意見，批評(píng)，描述”。begiventheabsenttreatment指被冷落。句意：這部影片受到了觀眾冷落。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

“HELLisacitymuchlikeLondon,”opinedPercyByssheShelleyin1819.Modernacademicsagree.LastyearDutchresearchersshowedthatcitydwellershavea21%higherriskofdevelopinganxietydisordersthandotheircalmerruralcountrymen,anda39%higherriskofdevelopingmooddisorders.Butexactlyhowtheinnerworkingsoftheurbanandruralmindscausethisdifferencehasremainedobscure—untilnow.AstudyjustpublishedinNaturebyAndreasMeyer-LindenbergoftheUniversityofHeidelbergandhiscolleagueshasusedascanningtechniquecalledfunctionalmagnetic-resonanceimaging(FMRI)toexaminethebrainsofcitydwellersandcountrybumpkinswhentheyareunderstress.

InDr.Meyer-Lindenberg’sfirstexperiment,participantslyingwiththeirheadsinascannertookmathsteststhattheyweredoomedtofail(theresearchershaddesignedsuccessratestobejust25%-40%).Tomaketheexperiencestillmorehumiliating,theteamprovidednegativefeedbackthroughheadphones,allthewhilecheckingparticipantsforindicationsofstress,suchashighbloodpressure.

Theurbanites’generalmentalhealthdidnotdifferfromthatoftheirprovincialcounterparts.However,theirbrainsdealtwiththestressimposedbytheexperimentersindifferentways.Thesedifferenceswerenoticeableintworegions:theamygdalasandtheperigenualanteriorcingulatecortex(PACC).Theamygdalasareapairofstructures,oneineachcerebralhemisphere,thatarefounddeepinsidethebrainandareresponsibleforassessingthreatsandgeneratingtheemotionoffear.ThePACCispartofthecerebralcortex(again,foundinbothhemispheres)thatregulatestheamygdalas.

Peoplelivinginthecountrysidehadthelowestlevelsofactivityintheiramygdalas.Thoselivingintownshadhigherlevels.Citydwellershadthehighest.Notthatsurprising,tothoseofaShelleyesquedisposition.InthecaseofthePACC,however,whatmatteredwasnotwheresomeonewaslivingnow,butwhereheorshewasbroughtup.Themoreurbanaperson’schildhood,themoreactivehisPACC,regardlessofwherehewasdwellingatthetimeoftheexperiment.

Theamygdalasthusseemtorespondtothehere-and-nowwhereasthePACCisprogrammedearlyon,anddoesnotreactinthesame,flexiblewayastheamygdalas.Second-to-secondchangesinitsactivitymight,though,beexpectedtobecorrelatedwithchangesintheamygdalas,becauseofitsroleinregulatingthem.FMRIallowssuchcorrelationstobemeasured.

Inthecasesofthosebroughtupinthecountryside,regardlessofwheretheynowlive,thecorrelationswereasexpected.Forthosebroughtupincities,however,thesecorrelationsbrokedown.Theregulatorymechanismofthenativeurbanite,inotherwords,seemstobeoutofkilter.Furtherevidence,then,forShelley’spointofview.Moreover,itisalsoknownthatthePACC-amygdalalinkisoftenoutofkilterinschizophrenia,andthatschizophreniaismorecommonamongcitydwellersthancountryfolk.Dr.Meyer-Lindenbergiscarefulnottoclaimthathisresultsshowthecauseofthisconnection.Buttheymight.

Dr.Meyer-Lindenbergandhisteamconductedseveralsubsequentexperimentstochecktheirfindings.Theyaskedparticipantstocompletemoremathstests—andalsotestsinwhichtheymentallyrotatedanobject—whileinvestigatorschidedthemabouttheirperformance.Theresultsmatchedthoseofthefirsttest.Theyalsostudiedanothergroupofvolunteers,whoweregivenstress-freetaskstocomplete.TheseexperimentsshowednoactivityineithertheamygdalasorthePACC,suggestingthattheearlierresultswereindeedtheresultofsocialstressratherthanmentalexertion.

Asisusuallythecaseinstudiesofthissort,thesamplesizewassmall(andthereforenotasrobustasmightbedesirable)andtheresultshowedanassociation,ratherthanadefinite,causalrelationship.Thatassociationis,nevertheless,interesting.Livingincitiesbringsmanybenefits,butDr.Meyer-Lindenberg’sworksuggeststhatShelleyandhisfellowRomanticshadatleasthalfapoint.

16.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

17.WhydoestheauthormentionShelly’swordsatthebeginningofthetext?

18.“outofkilter”(Paragraph6)isclosestinmeaningwith________.

19.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthefindingsofthestudy?

20.Whichofthefollowingisamongthelimitationsofthestudymentionedinthetext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whythecityisnotasuitableplacetolive.

B.Howtodetecttheinnerworkingofpeopledealingwithstress.

C.Howurbanandruralresidentsdifferintermsofmentalmechanism.

D.Whycitydwellerssufferahigherriskofmooddisorderthancountrymen.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ToexpresshisaversiontobigcitieslikeLondon.

B.Tointroducethefollowingdiscussionabouturbanandruraldwellers.

C.Toshowhisfamiliaritywithliteraryworks.

D.Toindicatetheoriginofdifferencesobservedbetweenthecityandcountryside.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.unexpected

B.outofcontrol

C.ill-informed

D.contradictory

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.CitydwellershadthehighestlevelofPACCactivityintimeofpressure.

B.Theplacewheretheparticipantswerebroughtupmattersmoreinpredictingtheirmentalactivity.

C.Ruralresidentshadthelowestlevelsofamygdalasactivitywhenconfrontedwithstress.

D.TheregulatorymechanismofPACCfailsamongpeoplewhonowliveinthecity.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thescanningtechniqueusedtoexaminethebrains.

B.Therandomnessofchoosingparticipants.

C.Itsinadequatedesignofmathproblemsthattheparticipantsareaskedtosolve.

D.Itsinabilitytoclaimacausalrelationshipbetweensocialstressandmental.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】16.主旨大意題。文章開頭引出城鄉(xiāng)居民在患心理疾病上的差異，隨后拋出實(shí)驗(yàn)來闡述城鄉(xiāng)居民在生理和心理的不同，所以C選項(xiàng)“城鄉(xiāng)居民心理機(jī)制的差異”正確。A選項(xiàng)“為什么城市不適合居住”：文章沒有討論這個(gè)話題，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“如何發(fā)現(xiàn)應(yīng)對(duì)壓力的人的內(nèi)心活動(dòng)”和D選項(xiàng)“為什么城市居民比鄉(xiāng)村居民患情緒障礙的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高”：是文章內(nèi)容的一部分，不能概括全文，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C項(xiàng)正確。

17.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二、三句Modernacademicsagree.LastyearDutchresearchersshowedthatcitydwellershavea21%higherriskofdevelopinganxietydisordersthandotheircalmerruralcountrymen,anda39%higherriskofdevelopingmooddisorders.（現(xiàn)代學(xué)者同意這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。去年，荷蘭研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，城市居民患焦慮癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比平靜的農(nóng)村居民高21%，患情感障礙的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比鄉(xiāng)村居民高39%。），引用雪萊的話以后，緊接著提出城鄉(xiāng)居民在患精神類疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的不同，所以B選項(xiàng)“引入以下關(guān)于城市和農(nóng)村居民的討論”正確。A選項(xiàng)“表達(dá)對(duì)倫敦這樣的大城市的厭惡”和C選項(xiàng)“顯示對(duì)文學(xué)作品的了解”：不是文章想要表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“指出城市和農(nóng)村差異的起因”：這里不能得出城鄉(xiāng)差異的起因，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

18.語義推測(cè)題。outofkilter的意思是“失常，失衡”，根據(jù)第六段Inthecasesofthosebroughtupinthecountryside…thecorrelationswereasexpected.Forthosebroughtupincities,however,thesecorrelationsbrokedown.Theregulatorymechanismofthenativeurbanite,inotherwords,seemstobeoutofkilter.（對(duì)于那些在農(nóng)村長(zhǎng)大的人來說，這種相關(guān)性在意料之中。然而，對(duì)于那些在城市長(zhǎng)大的人來說，這種相關(guān)性就不存在了。換句話說，土生土長(zhǎng)的都市人的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制似乎失衡了。），對(duì)于生長(zhǎng)在農(nóng)村的人來說，這種相關(guān)性可以預(yù)料，也