考研考博-英語-山東藝術(shù)設(shè)計職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東藝術(shù)設(shè)計職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theawardsaddedlustertotheauthor'sreputation.

問題1選項

A.expression

B.distinction

C.passion

D.formality

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。luster意為“光澤，光彩”；expression意為“表示，表達，表露”；distinction意為“區(qū)別，優(yōu)秀，榮譽”；passion意為“熱情，激情”；formality意為“禮節(jié)，形式”。

句意：這些獎項為作者的聲譽增添了光彩。

2.單選題

TheSantaAnaappealscourtupheldanearlierjuryverdictawarding$3.2millionindamagestoAlexisSartiwhosufferedseriousnervedamageafterafoodpoisoningepisodeatarestaurant.（1）

InApril2005,SartiaterawtunaattheSaltCreekGrillerestaurant.Afterwards,shesufferedfromsuddenparalysisanddoublevision.Shespentthenext49daysinthehospital,andhadtodropoutofcollegeformorethanayearandahalfafterthefoodpoisoningincident,formedicalcareandtherapy.

（2）Musclesandspasmsbotherheronadailybasis,althoughshesaysshe’susedtothesenow.Shehasrecoveredsomewhatsincethen.Butstrenuousactivityisoutofthequestion,andwhat’sworse,sheexpectshersituationtodeteriorateasshegetsolder.

Sartifiledalawsuitagainsttherestaurant,andclaimedcrosscontaminationofthetunawithaformofbacteriathatexistsinrawpoultry.

（3）

TheverdictwassetasidebySuperiorCourtJudgeDerekW.Hunt.The4thDistrictCourtofAppealinSantaAnahasnowoverturnedJudgeHunt’sruling.

Indeliveringhisdecision,JudgeHuntsaidhewasconstrainedbya35-year-oldappellatedecisionthatprohibitsjuriesfromassumingthatcrosscontaminationintherestaurantswastheresultoffaultypracticesofhandling.

TheSantaAnaappealscourtseemstohavedisregardedthatolderappellatedecision.

（4）

Ithasbeencitedforinroperfoodstorage,crosscontaminationandincorrecthandlingonthreeseparateinstances.

ItwasclearthatthenegligentfoodhandlingpracticesatthisrestaurantwereresponsibleforadeadlycrosscontaminationthatresultedinSard’sfoodpoisoning.

（5）

Still,shehasincurredmorethanamilliondollarsworthofmedicalbills,andexpectstoneedmoremedicalcareinthefuture.

問題1選項

A.Atthetrial,Sard’sattorneysarguedthatSaltCreekGrillehasarecordofpoorhandlingpracticesinitskitchens.

B.Sartisaidmedicalbillstotaledabout$1millionandshewantstoputasideanother$1millionforfutureexpenses.

C.Sartiinsiststhatthevictoryisamoral,ratherthanmonetaryone.

D.Onceahighschoolcrosscountryrunner,Sartitodayisunabletotakepartinsportslikerunning,orotherformsofextremephysicalactivity.

E.It’samilestonedecisionthatcannowbecitedacrossotherfoodpoisoninglawsuits.

F.Ajuryhandeddownaverdictfor$3.2million,andSaltCreekGrille,whichalsohasbranchesinNewYorkandNewJersey,appealed.

問題2選項

A.Atthetrial,Sard’sattorneysarguedthatSaltCreekGrillehasarecordofpoorhandlingpracticesinitskitchens.

B.Sartisaidmedicalbillstotaledabout$1millionandshewantstoputasideanother$1millionforfutureexpenses.

C.Sartiinsiststhatthevictoryisamoral,ratherthanmonetaryone.

D.Onceahighschoolcrosscountryrunner,Sartitodayisunabletotakepartinsportslikerunning,orotherformsofextremephysicalactivity.

E.It’samilestonedecisionthatcannowbecitedacrossotherfoodpoisoninglawsuits.

F.Ajuryhandeddownaverdictfor$3.2million,andSaltCreekGrille,whichalsohasbranchesinNewYorkandNewJersey,appealed.

問題3選項

A.Atthetrial,Sard’sattorneysarguedthatSaltCreekGrillehasarecordofpoorhandlingpracticesinitskitchens.

B.Sartisaidmedicalbillstotaledabout$1millionandshewantstoputasideanother$1millionforfutureexpenses.

C.Sartiinsiststhatthevictoryisamoral,ratherthanmonetaryone.

D.Onceahighschoolcrosscountryrunner,Sartitodayisunabletotakepartinsportslikerunning,orotherformsofextremephysicalactivity.

E.It’samilestonedecisionthatcannowbecitedacrossotherfoodpoisoninglawsuits.

F.Ajuryhandeddownaverdictfor$3.2million,andSaltCreekGrille,whichalsohasbranchesinNewYorkandNewJersey,appealed.

問題4選項

A.Atthetrial,Sard’sattorneysarguedthatSaltCreekGrillehasarecordofpoorhandlingpracticesinitskitchens.

B.Sartisaidmedicalbillstotaledabout$1millionandshewantstoputasideanother$1millionforfutureexpenses.

C.Sartiinsiststhatthevictoryisamoral,ratherthanmonetaryone.

D.Onceahighschoolcrosscountryrunner,Sartitodayisunabletotakepartinsportslikerunning,orotherformsofextremephysicalactivity.

E.It’samilestonedecisionthatcannowbecitedacrossotherfoodpoisoninglawsuits.

F.Ajuryhandeddownaverdictfor$3.2million,andSaltCreekGrille,whichalsohasbranchesinNewYorkandNewJersey,appealed.

問題5選項

A.Atthetrial,Sard’sattorneysarguedthatSaltCreekGrillehasarecordofpoorhandlingpracticesinitskitchens.

B.Sartisaidmedicalbillstotaledabout$1millionandshewantstoputasideanother$1millionforfutureexpenses.

C.Sartiinsiststhatthevictoryisamoral,ratherthanmonetaryone.

D.Onceahighschoolcrosscountryrunner,Sartitodayisunabletotakepartinsportslikerunning,orotherformsofextremephysicalactivity.

E.It’samilestonedecisionthatcannowbecitedacrossotherfoodpoisoninglawsuits.

F.Ajuryhandeddownaverdictfor$3.2million,andSaltCreekGrille,whichalsohasbranchesinNewYorkandNewJersey,appealed.

【答案】第1題:E

第2題:D

第3題:F

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.聯(lián)系上下文。本文第一段第一句概述了SantaAna案件的審判結(jié)果。而選項中只有E是總結(jié)這一審判結(jié)果的歷史意義。

2.聯(lián)系上下文。本文第二段主要介紹了Sarti在食品中毒后所受到的身體機能方面的損傷。選項中只有D是關(guān)于她身體所受的傷害。

3.聯(lián)系上下文。此空格下文的中心詞“verdict”前面的定冠詞the使用，提示讀者該詞不是第一次出現(xiàn)在此處，而選項中只有F選項里出現(xiàn)了“averdict”。

4.聯(lián)系上下文。本空格下文中用到指代詞“it”，而且是做“cite”的賓語，所以該代詞可能指“供詞”、“記錄”等文件。

5.聯(lián)系上下文。本題空白后的句子大意為：不包括今后的治療，受害者Sarti目前已經(jīng)承受了100多萬美元的醫(yī)療費用。這句話暗指她這次勝訴與其說是金錢方面的勝訴，不如說是道義上的勝訴。

3.單選題

Theopportunitywasalmost（

）grabbed.

問題1選項

A.toogoodtobe

B.toogoodnottobe

C.sogoodtobe

D.toogood

【答案】B

【解析】句意:該機會幾乎太好了，不可能不被抓住。

固定搭配。too+形容詞或副詞+nottobe太……不可能不。

4.單選題

The（

）emphasisonexaminationsisbyfartheworstformofcompetitioninschools.

問題1選項

A.negligent

B.edible

C.fabulous

D.disproportionate

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。negligent疏忽的；edible可食用的；fabulous極好的；disproportionate不成比例的。句意：過分強調(diào)考試是學(xué)校里最糟糕的競爭形式。選項D符合句意。

5.單選題

（）hewantedtogooutwithhisfriendsattheweekend,hehadtostaybehindtofinishhisassignment.

問題1選項

A.Muchthough

B.Muchas

C.Asmuch

D.Thoughmuch

【答案】B

【解析】句意:盡管，她周末很想和她朋友出去，但是他不得不留下來完成任務(wù)。

語法題。考查讓步狀語從句。as和though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語中，as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句必須倒裝。因此B項正確。

6.單選題

Thebusthat（）outsidetheinnwouldsoontakethevisitorsdowntown.

問題1選項

A.heldback

B.pulledup

C.gotdown

D.setforth

【答案】B

【解析】heldback阻礙；pulledup停下來,拔起；gotdown下來；setforth提出,陳述。句意：停在旅館外面的巴士很快就會把游客帶到市中心。選項B符合句意。

7.翻譯題

Indubitablythevastmajorityofbooksoverlaponeanother.Fewindeedarethosewhichgivetheimpressionoforiginality,eitherinstyleorincontent.Rarearetheuniquebooks—lessthan50,perhaps,outofthewholestorehouseofliterature.Inoneofhisrecentauto-biographicalnovels,BlaiseCendrarspointsoutthatRemydeGourmont,becauseofhisknowledgeandawarenessofthisrepetitivequalityinbooks,wasabletoselectandreadallthatisworthwhileintheentirerealmofliterature.Cendrarshimself—whowouldsuspectit?—isaprodigiousreader.Hereadsmostauthorsintheiroriginaltongue.Notonlythat,butwhenhelikesanauthorhereadseverylastbookthemanhaswritten,aswellashislettersandallthebooksthathavebeenwrittenabouthim.Inourdayhiscaseisalmostunparalleled,Iimagine.For,notonlyhashereadwidelyanddeeply,buthehashimselfwrittenagreatmanybooks.Allontheside,asitwere.For,ifheisanything,Cendrars,heisamanofaction,anadventurerandexplorer,amanwhohasknownhowto“waste”histimeroyally.Heis,inasense,theJuliusCaesarofliterature.

【答案】不容置疑的是，大多數(shù)書都互相重復(fù)，在文體或內(nèi)容上讓人感到具有獨創(chuàng)性的書實在是少之又少。在整個文學(xué)庫藏中，只有極少數(shù)作品——或許不到50本——是獨具一格的。在最近出版的一部自傳體小說中，布萊斯?桑德拉爾指出，古爾蒙之所以能夠選擇并通讀文學(xué)領(lǐng)域中一切值得讀的書籍，就是因為他知識淵博，并且了解書的這種重復(fù)性。桑德拉爾本人就是一個博覽群書的人，沒有人會懷疑這一點。他閱讀了大部分作家的原作。不僅如此，一旦他喜歡上一個作家，他就會閱讀這個作家寫的每一本書，包括他的書信以及所有有關(guān)他的書籍。我猜想，在當(dāng)今世界上，幾乎沒有人能像他一樣，不僅讀得廣、讀得精，而且還著述頗豐?？梢哉f這一切都是在業(yè)余時間完成的。因為桑德拉爾是一個十足的行動家，一個四處跋涉的冒險家和探險家，一個懂得如何“肆意浪費”時間的人。從某種意義上說，他是文學(xué)界的凱撒大帝。

8.單選題

Itishardtogetanyagreementontheprecisemeaningoftheterm‘socialclass’.Ineverydaylife,peopletendtohaveadifferentapproachtothosetheyconsidertheirequalsfromthatwhichtheyassumewithpeopletheyconsiderhigherorlowerthanthemselvesinthesocialscale.Thecriteriaweusetoplaceanewacquaintance,however,areacomplexmixtureoffactors.Dress,wayofspeaking,areaofresidenceinagivencityorprovince,educationandmannersallplayapart.

Intheeighteenth-centuryoneofthefirstmoderneconomists,AdamSmith,thoughtthatthe‘wholeannualproduceofthelandandlaborofeverycountry’providedrevenueto“threedifferentordersofpeople:Thosewholivebyrent,thosewholivebywages,thosewholivebyprofit’.Eachsuccessivestageoftheindustrialrevolution,however,madethesocialstructuremorecomplicated.

Manyintermediategroupsgrewupduringthenineteenth-centurybetweentheuppermiddleclassandtheworkingclass.Thereweresmall-scaleindustrialistsaswellaslargeones,smallshopkeepersandtradesmen,officialsandsalariedemployees,skilledandunskilledworkers,andprofessionalmensuchasdoctorsandteachers.Farmersandpeasantscontinuedinallcountriesasindependentgroups.

Duringthenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturiesthepossessionofwealthinevitablyaffectedaperson'ssocialposition.Intelligentindustrialistswithinitiativemadefortunesbytheirwitswhichliftedthemintoaneconomicgroupfarhigherthantheirworking-classparents.Buttheylackedthesocialtrainingoftheupperclass,whodespisedthemasthe‘newrich’.

Theyoftensenttheirsonsanddaughterstospecialschoolstoacquiresocialtraining.Heretheirchildrenmixedwiththechildrenoftheupperclasseswereacceptedbythem,andveryoftenfoundmarriagepartnersfromamongthem.Inthesameway,athrifty,hard-workinglabourer,thoughnotcleverenoughhimself,mightsaveforhissonenoughtopayforanextendedsecondaryschooleducationinthehopethathewouldmoveintoa‘white-collar'occupation,carryingwithitahighersalaryandmoveupinthesocialscale.

Inthetwentiethcenturytheincreasedtaxationofhigherincomes,thegrowthofthesocialservices,andthewiderdevelopmentofeducationalopportunityhaveconsiderablyalteredthesocialoutlook.Theupperclassesnolongerarethesole,oreventhemainpossessorsofwealth,powerandeducation,thoughinheritedsocialpositionstillcarriesconsiderableprestige.

Manypeopletodayarehostiletowardsclassdistinctionsandprivilegesandhopetoachieveaclasslesssociety.Thetroubleisthatasoneinequalityisremoved,anothertendstotakeitsplace,andthebestthathasasfarbeenattemptedisasocietyinwhichdistinctionsareelasticandinwhicheverymemberhasfairopportunitiesformakingthebestofhisabilities.

1.Howdoweplacepeopleinsocietyinrelationtoourselves,accordingtothetext?

2.AdamSmith'ssocialmake-upwasinvalidatedby（）.

3.Whichclassdosmallshopkeepersandtradesmenbelongto?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsdoesNOTtrulydescribethenewrich?

5.Whathappenedtotheclassdifferencesinthetwentiethcentury?

問題1選項

A.Mainlybytheirwayofspeaking.

B.Accordingtotheplacewheretheywereborn.

C.Accordingtoacomplexmixtureoffactors.

D.Byregardingtheminferiortoourselves.

問題2選項

A.thegrowing-upofuppermiddleclass

B.thesuccessivestagesoftheindustrialrevolution

C.theinfluenceoftheworkingclass

D.theinheritanceofsocialpositions

問題3選項

A.workingclass

B.middleclass

C.upperclass

D.uppermiddleclass

問題4選項

A.Theysenttheirchildrentospecialschoolstoreceiveeducation.

B.Theywerelackofsocialtrainingofthearistocracy.

C.Theywereoftenmenofinitiativeandintelligence.

D.Theydidnotallowtheirchildrentomarrytheupperclass.

問題5選項

A.Theyhavebeenpartlysmoothedout.

B.Theyincreasedtaxationofhigherincomes.

C.Theyhavemadethesocialservicesgrow.

D.Theywidelyenhancedtheeducationdevelopment.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Thecriteriaweusetoplaceanewacquaintance,however,areacomplexmixtureoffactors.然而，我們用來評價一個新認(rèn)識的人的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是一個復(fù)雜的混合因素?！庇纱丝芍x項C符合原文。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息“AdamSmith”定位到原文第二段的內(nèi)容。本段最后一句指出“Eachsuccessivestageoftheindustrialrevolution,however,madethesocialstructuremorecomplicated.然而，工業(yè)革命的每一個連續(xù)階段都使社會結(jié)構(gòu)更加復(fù)雜。”也就是說，會讓AdamSmith提出的社會結(jié)構(gòu)失效，所以選項B正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息“smallshopkeepersandtradesmen”定位到原文第三段的內(nèi)容“許多中間群體在19世紀(jì)成長起來，介于上層中產(chǎn)階級和工人階級之間。小型實業(yè)家，也有大型實業(yè)家，有小店主和商人……”由此可知，選項B正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息“newrich”定位到原文第四段的內(nèi)容。第四段最后一句提及“Intelligentindustrialistswithinitiativemadefortunesbytheirwitswhichliftedthemintoaneconomicgroupfarhigherthantheirworking-classparents.Buttheylackedthesocialtrainingoftheupperclass,whodespisedthemasthe‘newrich’.聰明的工業(yè)家憑借自己的智慧發(fā)了財，這使他們的經(jīng)濟地位遠遠高于他們的工薪階層父母。但是他們?nèi)狈ι狭魃鐣纳鐣摒B(yǎng)，而上流社會則視他們?yōu)椤沦F’”，由此可知，選項B和選項C均符合原文；第五段第一句提及“Theyoftensenttheirsonsanddaughterstospecialschoolstoacquiresocialtraining.他們經(jīng)常把兒女送到特殊學(xué)校接受社會培訓(xùn)。”由此可知，選項A也符合原文；只有選項D與原文恰好是相反的情況，所以本題選D。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容“在20世紀(jì)，對高收入增加的稅收，社會服務(wù)的增長，以及教育機會的廣泛發(fā)展，極大地改變了社會的前景。上層階級不再是唯一的，甚至不再是財富、權(quán)力和教育的主要擁有者，盡管繼承下來的社會地位仍然具有相當(dāng)大的威望。”由此可知，到20世紀(jì)等級差異已經(jīng)部分消除，所以選項A正確。

9.單選題

Althoughthisbookclaimstobeabiographyofwriter,manyoftheincidentsare（）.

問題1選項

A.fascinating

B.fictitious

C.factious

D.fastidious

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項fascinating“迷人的，吸引人的”；B選項fictitious“虛構(gòu)的，編造的”；C選項factious“好搗亂的”；D選項fastidious“挑剔的”。句意：雖然這本書自稱是作者的傳記，但許多事件都是虛構(gòu)的。選項B符合語境。

10.單選題

ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfound____inthewoodsoffthehighway.

問題1選項

A.vanished

B.scattered

C.abandoned

D.rejected

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.vanished突然消失；絕跡B.scattered分散

C.abandoned丟棄D.rejected拒絕

【答案】C

【考查點】語義銜接

【解題思路】空格前后語義為“Lee一家丟失的汽車被發(fā)現(xiàn)____在高速公路旁的樹林里。”根據(jù)前后語義可知，丟失的汽車被別人遺棄在高速公路旁的樹林里，C選項abandoned“丟棄”符合前后語義銜接。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項不符合原文語義銜接。

【句意】Lee一家丟失的汽車被發(fā)現(xiàn)遺棄在高速公路旁的樹林里。

11.單選題

Theteachersuggestedthestudentcomplete（

）researchbeforewritingthetermpaper.

問題1選項

A.intensive

B.expansive

C.expensive

D.exhaustive

【答案】D

【解析】句意:老師建議學(xué)生們在寫學(xué)期論文前完成詳盡的研究。

考查形容詞辨析。Intensive密集的,徹底的;expansive廣闊的,擴張的;expensive昂貴的;exhaustive詳盡的,徹底的,全面的。故D符合句意。

12.單選題

Everymonththeoldcoupleputasidealittlesumofmoneywhich（）urgentuse.

問題1選項

A.meansfor

B.meansto

C.ismeantfor

D.ismeantto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。meanfor“對……意味著”；meanto“對……重要”；bemeantfor“為……做準(zhǔn)備”；bemeantto“打算，意欲”。句意：這對夫婦每個月都會存一小筆錢，以備急需時用。選項C符合題意。

13.單選題

Ifthepolice（）whentheydidtherewouldhavebeenseriousviolence.

問題1選項

A.hadnotsteppedin

B.didnotsteppedin

C.hadnotsteppeddown

D.didnotsteppeddown

【答案】A

【解析】語法題?？疾樘摂M語氣，主句結(jié)構(gòu)為wouldhavedone，表示對過去事情的虛擬，if引導(dǎo)的從句應(yīng)該用haddone過去完成，選項B和D可排除。stepin“介入，干預(yù)”；stepdown“辭職，走下”。句意：如果警方?jīng)]有介入的話，嚴(yán)重的暴力行為可能已經(jīng)發(fā)生了。選項A符合題意。

14.單選題

Drunkendriving—sometimescalledAmerica’ssociallyacceptedformofmurder—hasbecomeanationalepidemic（流行病）.EveryhourofeverydayaboutthreeAmericansonaveragearekilledbydrunkendrivers.

Adrunkendriverisusuallydefinedasonewitha0.10bloodalcoholcontentorroughlythreebeers,glassesofwineorshotsofwhiskydrunkwithintwohours.HeavydrinkingusedtobeanacceptablepartoftheAmericanmanimageandjudgesweretolerantinmostcourts,butthedrunkenslaughterhasrecentlycausedsomanywell-publicizedtragedies,especiallyinvolvingyoungchildren,thatpublicopinionisnolongersotolerant.

Twentystateshaveraisedthelegaldrinkingageto21,reversingatrendinthe1960storeduceitto18.AfterNewJerseylowereditto18,thenumberofpeoplekilledby18—20-year-olddriversmorethandoubled,sothestaterecentlyuppeditbackto21.Reformers,however,fearraisingthedrinkingagewillhavelittleeffectunlessaccomplishedbyeducationalprogramstohelpyoungpeopletodevelop“responsibleattitudes”aboutdrinkingandteachthemtoresistpressuretodrink.

Toughnewlawshaveledtoincreasedarrestsandtestsand,inmanyareasalready,toamarkeddeclineinfatalities.Somestatesarealsopenalizingbarsforservingcustomerstoomanydrinks.Atavern（酒店主）inMassachusettswasfinedforservingsixormoredoublebrandiestoacustomerwhowas“obviouslyintoxicated”andlaterdroveofftheroad,killinganine-year-oldboy.

Asthefatalitiescontinuetooccurdailyineverystate,someAmericansareevenbeginningtospeakwellofthe13yearsofnationalprohibitionofalcoholthatbeganin1919.Theyforgetthatlegalprohibitiondidn’tstopdrinking,butencouragedpoliticalcorruptionandorganizedcrime.Aswiththeboomingdrugtradegenerally,thereisnoeasysolution.

1.DrunkendrivinghasbecomeamajorprobleminAmericabecause（）.

2.StatisticsissuedinNewJerseysuggestedthat（）.

3.Lawsrecentlyintroducedinsomestateshave（）.

4.Theproblemofdrunkendrivingisdifficulttosolvebecause（）.

問題1選項

A.mostAmericansareheavydrinkers

B.Americansarenowlessshockedbyroadaccidents

C.accidentsattractsomuchpublicity

D.drinkingisasociallyacceptedhabitinAmerica

問題2選項

A.manydriverswerenotoflegalage

B.youngpeoplewereoftenbaddrivers

C.thelevelofdrinkingincreasedinthe1960s

D.thelegaldrinkingageshouldberaised

問題3選項

A.reducedthenumberofconvictions

B.resultedinfewerseriousaccidents

C.preventedbarsfromservingdrunkencustomers

D.specifiedtheamountdriverscandrink

問題4選項

A.alcoholiseasilyobtained

B.drinkingislinkedtoorganizedcrime

C.legalprohibitinghasalreadyfailed

D.legislationaloneisnotsufficient

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:1.【選項釋義】

1.DrunkendrivinghasbecomeamajorprobleminAmericabecause______.1.醉酒駕駛在美國已經(jīng)成為一個主要問題，因為______。

A.mostAmericansareheavydrinkersA.大多數(shù)美國人都酗酒

B.AmericansarenowlessshockedbyroadaccidentsB.美國人現(xiàn)在對交通事故不那么震驚了

C.accidentsattractsomuchpublicityC.事故引起了如此多的關(guān)注

D.drinkingisasociallyacceptedhabitinAmericaD.在美國，喝酒是一種被社會接受的習(xí)慣

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第二句“酗酒曾經(jīng)是美國人可以接受的一部分（HeavydrinkingusedtobeanacceptablepartoftheAmericanmanimage），在大多數(shù)法庭上，法官都很寬容，但最近醉酒車禍造成了如此多廣為人知的悲劇，尤其是涉及年幼兒童的悲劇，公眾輿論不再那么寬容了（publicopinionisnolongersotolerant）。”，從中可知，在美國，喝酒是一種被社會所接受的習(xí)慣，而這種習(xí)慣造成了很多悲劇，成為美國的主要問題，所以D項“在美國，喝酒是一種被社會接受的習(xí)慣”符合題意，該題選擇D項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“大多數(shù)美國人都酗酒”，文中只是提起喝酒是美國社會接受的一種習(xí)慣，并不代表大多數(shù)美國人都酗酒，該項曲解原文；

B項“美國人現(xiàn)在對交通事故不那么震驚了”沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

C項“事故引起了如此多的關(guān)注”，根據(jù)解題思路可知，醉酒駕駛造成的悲劇太多，使得公眾輿論對這種喝酒的習(xí)慣不再寬容，文中并沒有提到公眾的關(guān)注，該項曲解原文。

第2題:2.【選項釋義】

2.StatisticsissuedinNewJerseysuggestedthat______.2.新澤西州發(fā)布的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)顯示，______。

A.manydriverswerenotoflegalageA.許多司機沒有達到法定年齡

B.youngpeoplewereoftenbaddriversB.年輕人往往不善于開車

C.thelevelofdrinkingincreasedinthe1960sC.飲酒水平在20世紀(jì)60年代有所上升

D.thelegaldrinkingageshouldberaisedD.法定飲酒年齡應(yīng)該提高

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞NewJersey定位至第三段第二句“在新澤西州把飲酒年齡降到18歲以后，18-20歲司機的死亡人數(shù)增加了一倍多，因此該州最近又把飲酒的年齡提高到21歲”，從新澤西州的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)來看，降低飲酒年齡，醉酒駕駛造成的死亡人數(shù)還增加了，這說明應(yīng)該提高法定的飲酒年齡，故D項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“許多司機沒有達到法定年齡”、B項“年輕人往往不善于開車”在原文沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

C項“飲酒水平在20世紀(jì)60年代有所上升”，文中只提到將法定飲酒年齡提高到21歲扭轉(zhuǎn)了20世紀(jì)60年代將法定飲酒年齡降低到18歲的趨勢，該項中的levelofdrinking（飲酒水平）在文中并沒有提到，該項屬于無中生有。

第3題:3.【選項釋義】

3.Lawsrecentlyintroducedinsomestateshave______.3.一些州最近出臺的法律______。

A.reducedthenumberofconvictionsA.減少了定罪的人數(shù)

B.resultedinfewerseriousaccidentsB.使得嚴(yán)重事故的發(fā)生更少

C.preventedbarsfromservingdrunkencustomersC.禁止酒吧招待醉酒的顧客

D.specifiedtheamountdriverscandrinkD.規(guī)定司機可以喝多少酒

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句“嚴(yán)厲的新法律使得被捕人數(shù)和接受檢查的人數(shù)增加，并且許多地區(qū)的死亡率顯著下降”，從中可知，最近出臺的與飲酒相關(guān)的法律使得死亡率顯著下降，這也就是說這些法律降低了交通事故的發(fā)生率，B項“使得嚴(yán)重事故的發(fā)生更少”符合這一分析。故該題選擇B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“減少了定罪的人數(shù)”，根據(jù)解題思路可知，嚴(yán)厲的法律使得被捕人數(shù)增多了，而不是減少了，該項屬于反向干擾；

C項“禁止酒吧招待醉酒的顧客”，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句“一些州還懲罰酒吧為顧客提供過多的酒”可知，法律只是禁止酒吧為顧客提供過量的酒，關(guān)于“醉酒的顧客”并沒有提到，該項曲解原文；

D項“規(guī)定司機可以喝多少酒”沒有提到，屬于無中生有。

第4題:4.【選項釋義】

4.Theproblemofdrunkendrivingisdifficulttosolvebecause______.4.醉駕問題之所以難以解決，是因為______。

A.alcoholiseasilyobtainedA.酒很容易獲得

B.drinkingislinkedtoorganizedcrimeB.飲酒與有組織的犯罪有關(guān)

C.legalprohibitinghasalreadyfailedC.法律禁止已經(jīng)失敗了

D.legislationaloneisnotsufficientD.僅靠立法是不夠的

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句“他們忘記了法律禁令并沒有讓人們停止飲酒，而是鼓勵了政治腐敗和有組織的犯罪。就像激增的毒品交易一樣，沒有簡單的解決辦法?！睆闹锌芍词褂蟹山?，人們還是繼續(xù)飲酒，并且政治腐敗和有組織的犯罪也增加了；所以推斷，醉駕問題之所以難以解決，是因為僅靠立法是遠遠不夠的。該題選擇D項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“酒很容易獲得”、C項“法律禁止已經(jīng)失敗了”在原文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

B項“飲酒與有組織的犯罪有關(guān)”，根據(jù)解題思路可知，原文只是提到法律禁令鼓勵了有組織的犯罪，但是并沒有說明飲酒和有組織的犯罪之間的關(guān)系，所以該項并不能推斷出來，屬于曲解原文。

15.單選題

InSecondNature，NobelPrize-winningneuroscientistGeraldEdelmanarguesthatthebrainandmindareunified,buthehaslittlepatiencewiththeclaimthatthebrainisacomputer.Fortunatelyforthegeneralreader,hisexplanationsofbrainfunctionareaccessible,reinforcedbyconcreteexamplesandmetaphors.

Edelmansuggeststhatthankstotherecentdevelopmentofinstrumentscapableofmeasuringbrainstructurewithinmillimetersandbrainactivitywithinmilliseconds,perceptions,thoughts,memories,willedacts,andothermindmatterstraditionallyconsideredprivateandimpenetrabletoscientificscrutinynowcanbecorrelatedwithbrainactivity.Ourconsciousness(a“first-personaffair”displayingintentionality,reflectingbeliefsanddesires,etc.)，ourcreativity,evenourvaluesystems,haveabasisinbrainfunction.

Theauthordescribesthreeunifyinginsightsthatcorrelatemindmatterswithbrainactivity.First,evendistantneuronswillestablishmeaningfulconnections(circuits)iftheirfiringpatternsaresynchronized.Second,experiencecaneitherstrengthenorweakensynapses(neuronalconnections).Finally,thereisreentry,thecontinuedsignalingfromonebrainregiontoanotherandbackagainalongmassivelyparallelnervefibers.

Edelmanconcedesthatneurologicalexplanationsforconsciousnessandotheraspectsofmindarenotcurrentlyavailable,butheisconfidentthattheywillbesoon.Meanwhile,heiscomfortablehazardingaguess:“Allofourmentallife...isbasedonthestructureanddynamicsofourbrain.”Despitethisoptimismabouttheexplanatorypowersofneuroscience,Edelmanacknowledgesthepitfallsinattemptingtoexplainallaspectsofmindinneurologicalterms.Indeed,culture—notbiology—istheprimarydeterminantofthebrain’sevolution,andhasbeensincetheemergenceoflanguage,henotes.

However,IwassurprisedtolearnthatheconsidersSigmundFreud“thekeyexpositoroftheeffectsofunconsciousprocessesonbehavior.”SuchacommentignoreshowslightlyFreud’sconceptionoftheunconscious,withitsemphasisonsexualityandaggression,resemblesthecognitiveunconsciousstudiedbyneuroscientists.

Still,SecondNatureiswellworthreading.Itservesasabridgebetweenthetraditionallyseparatecampsof“hard”scienceandthehumanities.Readerswithoutatleastsomefamiliaritywithbrainsciencewilllikelyfindthegoingdifficultatcertainpoints.Nonetheless,Edelmanhasachievedhisgoalofproducingaprovocativeexplorationof“howwecometoknowtheworldandourselves”.

1.GeraldEdelmanwouldmostprobablysupporttheideathatthebrain（

）.

2.Itwaspreviouslyfeltthatperceptionsandothermindmatterscouldhardlybe

（

）.

3.Edelmanfirmlybelievesthat

（

）.

4.AccordingtoEdelman,toprovideathoroughexplanationofhumanmind,neurosciencewillbe

（

）.

5.Theauthordisagreeswiththeideathattheneuroscience-basedcognitiveunconsciouscanbe

（

）.

6.Accordingtotheauthor，SecondNatureisagoodbookbecause（

）.

問題1選項

A.co-functionswiththemind

B.workslikeacomputer

C.hasanaccessiblefunction

D.sendssignalstothemind

問題2選項

A.treatedasasignificantissue

B.studiedwithscientificmethods

C.separatedfrombrainactivity

D.handledwithsurgicalinstruments

問題3選項

A.brainsignalswillrepeatedlygofromonebrainregiontoanother.

B.experiencewillhaveanilleffectonneuronalconnections

C.distantneuronswillhelpsynchronizetheirfiringpatterns

D.mindmatterswillbeexplainedfromaneurologicalperspective

問題4選項

A.responsible

B.insufficient

C.impractical

D.reliable

問題5選項

A.clearlyexplainedbyFreud’stheory

B.affectedbylanguageacquisition

C.studiedrelevantlytosexualbehavior

D.examinedconcerningculturalbackgrounds

問題6選項

A.itintereststhereaderinspiritualactivities

B.itappealstothereadertostudybioscience

C.itsetsthereaderprobingintohumancognition

D.itpresentstheadvancementofnaturalscience

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第一段第一句。根據(jù)“InSecondNature，NobelPrize-winningneuroscientistGeraldEdelmanarguesthatthebrainandmindareunified,buthehaslittlepatiencewiththeclaimthatthebrainisacomputer.(諾貝爾獎獲得者神經(jīng)學(xué)家杰拉爾德?埃德爾曼認(rèn)為,大腦和思維是統(tǒng)一的,但他對大腦是一臺電腦這一觀點毫無耐心。)”即可得出本題答案。

2.細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第二段第一句。根據(jù)“…mindmatterstraditionallyconsideredprivateandimpenetrabletoscientificscrutinynowcanbecorrelatedwithbrainactivity.（傳統(tǒng)上被認(rèn)為是私人的、無法通過科學(xué)檢查的精神問題，現(xiàn)在可能與大腦活動有關(guān)）”即可得出本題答案。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第四段第一句。根據(jù)“Edelmanconcedesthatneurologicalexplanationsforconsciousnessandotheraspectsofmindarenotcurrentlyavailable,butheisconfidentthattheywillbesoon.（埃德爾曼承認(rèn)，目前還沒有對意識和思維其他方面的神經(jīng)學(xué)解釋，但他相信很快就會有。）”,即可得出本題答案。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第四段第三句。根據(jù)“Edelmanacknowledgesthepitfallsinattemptingtoexplainallaspectsofmindinneurologicalterms.（埃德爾曼承認(rèn)，試圖用神經(jīng)學(xué)術(shù)語解釋思維的所有方面存在缺陷）”即可得出本題答案。

5.細節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第五段。本段大意為：作者并不同意Edelman的觀點，因為作者認(rèn)為SigmundFreud關(guān)于無意識的概念與神經(jīng)科學(xué)家們提出的認(rèn)知無意識的觀點并無相似之處。(SuchacommentignoreshowslightlyFreud’sconceptionoftheunconscious,withitsemphasisonsexualityandaggression,resemblesthecognitiveunconsciousstudiedbyneuroscientists.)從而得出本題答案。

6.細節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文最后一段。“Itservesasabridgebetweenthetraditionallyseparatecampsof“hard”scienceandthehumanities.(它是連接傳統(tǒng)上“硬”科學(xué)和人文學(xué)科兩大陣營的橋梁。)”通過歸納推理即可得出本題答案。

16.單選題

Thesaleofalcoholicbeveragesis（）tothoseabove21insomeregions.

問題1選項

A.confined

B.Inhibited

C.obliged

D.restricted

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項confine“限制”，B項inhibit“禁止”，C項oblige“要求，約束”，obligeto表示“不得不”；D項restrict“限制”，restrictto表示“限制在……”。句意：在某些地區(qū)，酒精飲料只能出售給21歲以上的人