閱讀理解專項突破 推理判斷題學案-高考英語專題復習

高考英語閱讀理解專項突破——推理判斷題Class:NO.Name:解題指導根據(jù)考試說明，高考閱讀理解能力包含作出判斷和推理的能力。這類題目要求考生根據(jù)文章的某個句子、某個段落或者全文所提供的事實和線索進行邏輯推理，推斷出作者沒有提到的或者沒有明說的事實或者可能發(fā)生的事實。旨在考查考生透過詞語的字面意義去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力。 通過尋讀，迅速在文章中找到相關(guān)信息點。不但要理解相關(guān)信息點的字面意義，而且要由表及里、由淺入深地分析。以文中提供的信息為依據(jù)，結(jié)合常識，作出符合邏輯的推斷。注意：①任何推斷都必須要以原文內(nèi)容為依據(jù)，切忌脫離原文，憑空臆斷。②切忌選擇表層信息答案，應該立足已知推斷未知。③避免推理過頭，引申過度。2020全國Ⅱ卷C，332詞，難度★★★Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn’tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion(時裝)enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海貍鼠).UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefurunlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear”,saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.“Theecosystemdowntherecan’thandlethisnon-nativespecies(物種).It’sdestroyingtheenvironment.“It’sthemorus.”saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.Thefurtradekeptnutriacheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit’snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton’sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.Thenthere’sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashion.Morgansays,“Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.”DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.She’stryingtocomeupwithalabletoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.()1.WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?A.Topromoteguilt-freefur.B.Toexpandthefashionmarket.C.Tointroduceanewbrand.D.Tocelebrateawinterholiday.()2.

Whyarescientistsconcerned

about

nutria?A.

Nutria

damage

the

ecosystem

seriously.B.Nutria

are

an

endangered

species.C.Nutriahurt

local

cat-sized

animals.D.Nutria

are

illegallyhunted.()3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed”inParagraph5probably

mean?A.

Boomed.B.

Became

mature.C.

Remained

stable.

D.

Crashed.()4.

What

can

we

infer

about

wearing

fur

in

New

York

according

to

Morgan?A.

It’s

formal. B.

It’s

risky. C.

It’s

harmful. D.

It’s

traditional.答案：A【從第二段可知答案】通過這兩個地名，我們把答案定位到第二段。第一段是背景信息，大意是一些人希望重新振興海貍鼠皮草市場。A.為了推廣guilt-free皮草。-free作為合成詞的一部分，意思是“沒有……的”“免除……的”，比如duty-free免稅的，carefree無憂無慮的。guilt-free就是“不內(nèi)疚的”，因為動物皮草涉及到虐待動物，所以guilt-freefur就是穿上也無需內(nèi)疚的皮草。故選A。答案：A【從第三段第一句可知答案】信息對應：scientistsinLousianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail。這是一個so...that...引導的結(jié)果狀語從句，這句話只是說到了他們很concerned，以及concerned的結(jié)果，并沒有提到原因，所以原因在前面。上一段中提到thenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear（海貍鼠每年都破壞大量的濕地），這句話是用來解釋為什么說穿上皮草也無需再內(nèi)疚，同時也是科學家決定付錢給海貍鼠捕獵者的原因。所以答案是A。答案：D【解析】在幾十年的時間里，皮草交易控制住了海貍鼠的數(shù)量。后面出現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)折but，但是，當海貍鼠市場在20世紀80年代collapse之后，海貍鼠就一直在瘋狂繁殖。Thecat-sizedanimals指的就是海貍鼠；multiplyvi.繁殖（最常用的意思是倍增；相乘）。所以結(jié)合句意，我們也能夠判斷出來這句話是在說海貍鼠市場變得不景氣。答案：B【從最后一段第二句可知答案】題干中專有名詞（人名Morgan，地名NewYork）比較多，所以這道題比較容易定位?？匆幌翸organ的這句話：Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.這是他對未來的一個猜想（that’sgoingtobe），意思是說給人們一個選擇，穿這種皮草無需感到內(nèi)疚，也不會有人往你的身上潑油漆——這是一個巨大的工程（amassivething）。所以，可推斷現(xiàn)狀是：在紐約穿皮草可能會被潑油漆。因此確定答案是B。練習ToddBol,aretiredbusinessman,couldneverhaveexpectedthatawoodencontainerhebuiltinhisfrontyardonedaywouldhavetheglobalimpactitdoestoday.Bolbuiltadollhouse-sizestructurethatlookedlikeaschoolhouseonapostandheputitinhisyardasafreecommunitylibrarytorememberhismother,whowasabookloverandschoolteacher.Bol’sprototypegavebirthtoLittleFreeLibrary(LFL),anonprofitorganizationthatseekstoplacesmall,accessiblebookexchangeboxesinneighborhoodsaroundtheworld.Theconceptissimple:neighborsareinvitedtoshareabook,leaveabook,orboth.Today,thereareover50,000oftheselibrariesregisteredin70countries.AlmosteveryonecanregisterwithLFLandstartalibraryaslongasthepersonkeepsitingoodshapeandmakessurethatbookmaterialsareappropriateforhis/herneighborhood.Libraryownerscancreatetheirownlibraryboxes;therefore,thelibrariesareusuallyuniqueinappearance,andthereseemstobenolimittothepossibilities.OnelibraryinCaliforniawasbuiltoutofausedwinecontainer;anotherinTexashadtinystairsandbright-coloredwalls.Onceregistered,librariesareassignedanumberatLFL’swebsite.TheLFLIndexliststhelocationsofalllibrarieswithGPScoordinates(坐標)andotherinformation.Ownersreceiveasignsaying“LittleFreeLibrary”.PeoplesaytheyhavebeenattractedtopickupabookwhenwalkingbyaLittleFreeLibrary,outofcuriosityandbecauseofitsconvenience.Somesidewalk(街頭的)librarianssaytheyhavemetmoreneighborssincehavingalittlelibraryintheirfrontyard.BolisalsomostproudofthewayLittleFreeLibraryisbringingcommunitiestogether.“It’sstartedaneighborhoodexchange.Itgetspeopletalkingandmorecomfortablewiththeirneighbors,”hesays.“Thisleadstothemhelpingeachother.”()1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prototype”inParagraph2referto?A.Acommunitycenter.B.Adollhouseonapost.C.Abookexchangebox. D.Anonprofitorganization.()2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheoperationofaLittleFreeLibrary?A.Thereisnolimittotheselectionofbooks.B.Thelibrarycancomeinanyshapeandcolor.C.Thelibraryneedstohiremanyprofessionallibrarians.D.TheownerwillnotbeassignedanumberfromtheLFLwebsite.()3.WhatcanbeinferredaboutLittleFreeLibrary?A.IthelpsimproveGPSfunctions. B.Ithelpsrestorehumanconnections.C.Itconnectslibrariesaroundtheworld. D.Itmakesreadingaccessibletothepoor.()4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.LFL:ABoostertoSharedReadingB.LFL:TheBestPlacetoMeetNeighborsC.ToddBol:ASuccessfulBookBusinessmanD.Reading:AnApproachtoImprovingYourself【翻譯練習】請從文章中找到下面句子，并將其翻譯成中文。1.[P2]Bolbuiltadollhouse-sizestructure…whowasabookloverandschoolteacher.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.[P3]Libraryownerscancreatetheirownlibraryboxes…nolimittothepossibilities.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.[P4]Bolisalsomostproud…bringingcommunitiestogether.“It’sstartedaneighborhoodexchange.Itgetspeople…withtheirneighbors,”hesays.“Thisleadstothemhelpingeachother.”______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.[P2]Bol’sprototypegavebirthtoLittleFreeLibrary(LFL)…inneighborhoodsaroundtheworld.Theconceptissimple…leaveabook,orboth.Today,thereareover…registeredin70countries.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【詞匯過關(guān)】請寫出下面英文單詞在文章中的中文意思。1.global/?ɡl??bl/adj.____________________2.impact/??mp?kt/n.____________________3.structure/?str?kt??/n.__________________4.schoolhouse/?sku?lha?s/n._____________5.lover/?l?v?/n.________________________6.seek/si?k/v.__________________________7.accessible/?k?ses?bl/adj._______________8.exchange/?ks?t?e?nd?/n._______________9.concept/?k?nsept/n.____________________10.register/?red??st?/v.___________________11.material/m??t??ri?l/n.__________________12.appropriate/??pr??pri?t/adj.____________13.unique/ju?ni?k/adj.____________________14.assign/??sa?n/v._______________________15.curiosity/?kj