神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)解剖朱晞改

THEPERIPHERALNERVOUSSYSTEMTheSpinalNervesGeneralDescription1.數(shù)量31Pairs：CervicalNerves:8pairsThoracicNerves:12pairsLumbarNerves:5pairsSacralNerves:5pairsCoccygealNerves:1pair2.組成：2個(gè)根和1個(gè)神經(jīng)節(jié)AnteriorRoot:motorfibersPosteriorRoot:sensoryfibersSpinalganglia:sensoty3.纖維成分：4種TheSomaticafferent(sensory)Fibers軀體感覺(jué)-TheVisceralafferent(sensory)Fibers內(nèi)臟感覺(jué)TheSomaticefferent(motor)Fibers軀體運(yùn)動(dòng)-TheVisceralefferent(motor)Fibers內(nèi)臟運(yùn)動(dòng)

4.出椎間孔后的分支：4種AnteriorBranch

PosteriorBranchMeningealBranchCommunicatingBranchesFourBranchesofaSpinalNerves前支除胸神經(jīng)外都形成叢狀：FourPlexusesCervicalPlexusBrachialPlexusLumbarPlexusSacralPlexusThethoracicnervesareseparatedfromeachother.TheCervicalPlexus頸叢一、組成和位置1.組成：Theanteriorbranchesofthe1stto4thcervicalnerves(C1~4)

2.位置和頸叢阻滯：

sternocleidomastoidm.

二、分支：1.皮支：Thelesseroccipitalnerve

枕小神經(jīng)Thegreatauricularnerve

耳大神經(jīng)Thetransversenerveofneck

頸橫神經(jīng)Thesupraclavicularnerves

鎖骨上神經(jīng)2.肌支：cervicalansa頸襻3.混合神經(jīng)：Thephrenicnerve膈神經(jīng)TheBrachialPlexus臂叢一、組成:root(C5–T1)→trunk→division→cord

根

→干支→束

二、位置：斜角肌間隙→鎖骨后方→腋血管三、分支和分布：

1.短神經(jīng)：3肩、3胸

2.長(zhǎng)神經(jīng)：

lateralcord：

musculocutaneousnerve肌皮神經(jīng)

mediannerve正中神經(jīng)

Medialcord：mediannerve正中神經(jīng)

ulnarnerve尺神經(jīng)

Posteriorcord

：radialnerve

橈神經(jīng)

axillarynerve腋神經(jīng)

themusculocutaneousn.theaxillaryn.thelongthoracicn.

medialpectoraln.lateralpectoraln.mediann.

theulnarn.theradialn.

thethoracodorsaln.themusculocutaneousnerve：anteriorgroupofthearmthemediannerve：themostofanteriorgroupoftheforearmandpartmusclesofhandtheulnarnerve：thepartofanteriorgroupoftheforearmandpartmusclesofhand

theradialnerve：

posteriorgroupofarmandposteriorgroupoftheforearmtheaxillarynerve：deltoid

RadialNerveTheAnteriorBranchesoftheThoracicNerves

——Intercostalandsubcostalnerve

胸神經(jīng)前支

（11對(duì)肋間神經(jīng)＆1對(duì)肋下神經(jīng)）胸神經(jīng)的節(jié)段性分布T2:thesternalangleT8:thecostalarchT4:thenippleT10:theumbilicusT6:thexiphoidprocessT12:theanteriorsuperioriliacspinTheLumbarPlexus腰叢一、組成和位置：

T12(part)+L1~3+L4(part)；腰大肌前方二、分支及分布：Theiliohypogastricnerve髂腹下神經(jīng)Theilioinguinalnerve

髂腹股溝神經(jīng)Thelateralfemoralcutaneousnerve

股外側(cè)皮神經(jīng)Thefemoralnerve

股神經(jīng)Theobturatornerve

閉孔神經(jīng)Thegenitofemoralnerve

生殖股神經(jīng)TheSacralPlexus骶叢一、組成和位置：Thelumbosacraltrunk(L4~5)+S1~5+Coc；小骨盆側(cè)壁Thebranchesofthesacralplexus二、分支和分布

superiorglutealn.臀上神經(jīng)

inferiorglutealn.臀下神經(jīng)

pudendaln.陰部神經(jīng)

analnerves肛神經(jīng)

perinealnerve會(huì)陰神經(jīng)

dorsalnerveofpenisorclitoris陰莖（陰蒂）背神經(jīng)

posteriorfemoralcutaneousn.股后皮神經(jīng)

sciaticn.坐骨神經(jīng)：大腿后面

tibialn.脛神經(jīng)小腿后面和足底