翻譯理論2013第二學(xué)期

TranslationChinese-Anoverviewof4translationstrategiesLiteralorfreeLT:aword-for-wordtranslationstrivingtoreproduceboththeoriginalmessageandstructuralpatternsincludingfiguresofspeechFT:asupplementarymeanstomainlyconveytheprimarymeaningandspiritoftheoriginalwithouttryingtoreproduceitspatternsorfiguresofspeechMischiefscomebythepoundandgoawaybytheounce.災(zāi)禍成磅來，退去成盎司病來如山倒，病去如抽絲Underone's--在鼻--在眼Acathasnine貓有九--九死一Bloodisthickerthan血濃于--親情難Shewasbornwithasilverspooninhermouth;shethinksshecandowhatshelikes.Butthediewascast,hecouldnotgo--但事已定局，不容翻悔--loveispatienceandkindness;loveisnotjealousandboast;loveisnotarroganceandrudeness.--youshoulddisplayyourspecialprowesslikeeightimmortals(inChineselegend)crossingthesea,tofulfillthistask.我是半路，可能干不好這工作--Ihavenotreceivedregulartrainingforthejob,soImaynottwell.管它三七二十一，先吃個(gè)飽再說--whateveryousay,I’dliketoeatmyfill.我們的朋友遍天下--Our DomesticationandforeignizationD:atransparent,fluentstyleisadoptedinordertominimizestrangenessoftheforeigntextforlanguagereaders(歸化)F:a textdelibera ybreaksconventionsbyretainingsth.oftheforeignnessofthe(異化巧婦難為無米之LT:Eventhecleverestwomancannotcookamealwithoutrice.----FT:Nobodycanmakesomethingoutofnothing.Equivalent:Onecannotmakebrickswithoutstraw---HighbuildingsandlargemansionsarespringinguplikemushroomsinBeijing. ，高 猶如雨后春筍般涌現(xiàn) ，高 猶如蘑菇般涌現(xiàn)Unlessyou’veanaceupyoursleeve,wearedished.除非你有錦囊妙計(jì)，否則我們輸定除非你袖中藏有王牌，否則我們輸定了布衣蔬--wearcoarseclothesandeatsimple--wearclothesofcottonandeatWording一、根據(jù)上下文正確理解原文的詞語言情境而千變?nèi)f化，因此，須青山blue青 大城市bigcitymajor大 heavy greatambition largeamount大人物vip大道理general(major)進(jìn)行carryoutengagedin進(jìn)行實(shí)地makearesearchontheconductanucleartakeavote/putsthtohavea進(jìn) commitaggression進(jìn) launch“取消取消會(huì)議取消會(huì)員資格depriveone's取消決定takebacka取消禁令lift取消諾言breakone’s二、辨析詞義和正確選Agricultureisthefoundationnational農(nóng)林牧副漁互相結(jié)合的方theprincipleoffarming,forestry,husbandry,sideoccupationsand他從不喝酒Heneverdrinks他從不喝烈性酒.........Strongwine/Iwantedtobeaman,andamanI我立志做一個(gè)真正的人；我現(xiàn)在終于成Thehungryboydevouredhis--那饑餓的孩子狼吞虎咽地吃完--theypreachidealism,whileweadvocatematerialism這小伙子干活真沖--thisguyisfullofAmplificationand1--Isn’titridiculousthatyouwantahorsetorunfastwithouteatinggrass(whileyoudon’tgrazeit)?--CalmlyMotherlookedaroundbeforesheturnedbackfearlessly,closingthedoorbehindheranddashedtothewindow.--Inordertogetagreatamountofwaterpower,weneedlargepressureandcurrent.--Lazilysherose.Herhusbandprobablywouldnotcomehome,shesupposed.--Meichun,protectingherheadwithherarms,contractedherbody.--Itistimeforustotakeeffective--Wethinkitimportanttoapplytheoryintopractice.他不愿意，我們干嗎強(qiáng)迫他干--Ifheisunwilling,whyshouldweforcehimto 或：Whyshouldweforcehimto sinceheisunwilling?Evenifyougothere,therewon’tbeanyThewindwassostrongthathefounditdifficulttokeeponhisfeet.--風(fēng)如此之大，以致他發(fā)現(xiàn)站住腳很 Ifoncevirtueislost,allisSocialdistancecanbedifficultto--社會(huì)差異很難克服--社會(huì)等級(jí)差異有時(shí)很難克服Whenhewasaccusedoftheft,heturnedred. 我們 必須具有公仆意識(shí)--Ourcadresmustbeconsciousoftheirobligationsaspublicservants.HewaskilledinacaraccidentonanicyDenverstreet,onhiswayhometohiswifeandinfantdaughter.--他在一條冰雪覆蓋的大街上喪生于 輕的妻子和還在襁褓中的女兒身AfterwardshewasconvictedofconspiringagainstthelifeofthequeenandwashangedinJune,1594--后來他被指控 39）IfIjustkeptmyeyeslockedonthebackofmybrother’struck,ifIjustmademywheelsfollowhiswheels,I’dbe.只要盯住弟弟的卡車，跟在他后面，讓只有雨還在刷刷地、刷 著--OnlytheraincontinuedtoWomenscreamed,andkidshowled,butthemenstoodsilent,watching,interestedinthe --女人尖叫，小孩歡鬧， 著，對(duì)結(jié)果感。鬧，們則靜靜地立在那兒袖手旁觀，饒有興味地等著看結(jié)果Quietandshy,hewasnevermorecomfortablethanwhenathis --BythistimeMissLuhadchangedoutofherceremonialdressintoanordinarygown,andthenZhulookedatherclosely,hesawthatherbeautywouldputtheflowerstoHisfamilywasverypoor,butheworkedhardathisstudieseveninearlychildhood.滿足譯文語境的需Iwasallbutdancingwithimpatienceinthecheckoutlineandsighedwithexasperation.Hearingme,hes --站在結(jié)帳隊(duì)伍里的我不耐煩地在動(dòng)來動(dòng)去，惱怒地嘆了口氣。聽到嘆氣聲，他歉意地笑了。Inevertoldmylovevocally;still,iflookshavelanguage,themerestidiotmighthaveguessedIwasoverheadandears.--我從沒有把自個(gè)兒的愛情說出口，可是如果眉目也能傳情，那么即使也能--Shesuddenlyfeltherhearttighten,andbegantocry.Theyweretearsofjoy,andofsatisfaction. 的。”他欣然答應(yīng)了--Iwantedhimtopaintmesomethinghe’dneverpaintedbefore.WhenIaskedhim,hereadilyagreed.ToaddfueltotheTobeonthinStrikewhiletheironisAdropintheTolaughoffone'sTobeoutaAtsixesandOneboyisaboy,twoboyshalfaboy,threeboysnoboy.火上加如履薄趁熱打滄海一笑掉牙捉襟見亂七八Theteenagersdon'tinviteBobtotheirpartiesbecauseheisawetblanket.Tobreaktheice,Tedspokeofhisinterestinmountainclimbing,andtheysoonhadacoversationgoing.Overthepastseveralweeks,shehadgrownincreasinglyrestless.Youshouldkeepyounoseoutof 他是個(gè)令人掃興的....為了打破沉默 越來越六神無 不要多管閑Inadangerousanduncertainworld,thestrengtheningofnationaldefenceisthebestguaranteeofanation'svitalinterestsHisbodywasperfect,alivewitheasysupplenessandhealthandstrengthAvisionofcountlesscolorfulflowersblindedhiseyes.AndthenIfellasleepandonlywokeatbroaddayConversion詞類轉(zhuǎn)換 譯時(shí)有時(shí)候就必須進(jìn)行詞性的轉(zhuǎn)5.1名詞與動(dòng)詞的互相轉(zhuǎn)Hisacceptanceofbribesledtohis--他 Exhaustgasesfromboilers,vehicles,etc.，causeairpollutionincities.3）Theworldisblindedbyhisfortuneandconsequence,orfrightenedbyhisandimposing他有錢有勢(shì)，蒙蔽了天下人的耳目，他那目空一切、盛氣凌人的氣派又嚇壞了所有人。Sheturnedtowardsmeimmediay.Theeasyeleganceofeverymovementofherlimbsandbodyassoonasshebegantoadvancefromthefarendoftheroom,setmeinaflutterofexpectationtoseeherfaceclearly. Attheturnofaswitch,wecanseewhataretakingplaceaaway.Butaftermuchhesitationhefinallydecidedtoseemeoffhimself.WhythereminiscenceshouldevokesuchastrongemotionIdonotunderstand.Onreflection,however,thereasonisreallyvery（如figure,impress,behave,witness,mean,Asthewarprogressed,hewouldsymbolisetheirfrustrations,theembodimentofall隨著的進(jìn)行，他將成為他們受挫的象征，是BeforeJackLondon,thefictiondealingwiththeworking-classwascharacterizedbysympathyforlaborandtheunderprivileged,butchieflyinthespiritofChristianprinciplesofbrotherhood.種同情主要出于提倡的兄弟友愛精神二、英語有些句譯成漢語時(shí)，其動(dòng)詞可以譯Theywillneedplentyofpersuading,formanyofthemhavebeenbadlyburnt.到過很大的。But,onehundredyearslater,theNegrostillisnotfree.Onehundredyearslater,thelifeoftheNegroisstillsadlycrippledbythemanaclesofsegregationandthechainsofdiscrimination.但是，一百年過去了，仍然未獲。一百年過去了，的生活仍在受著和這三、英語中某些感覺動(dòng)詞，如lodse；sme；feel等，在譯成漢語時(shí)，可考慮轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞Theflowerssmells這些花氣味芬芳Ittastestoomuchof這東西大蒜的味道太重Hedidnotlookoractlikehisusual他此時(shí)的樣子和表現(xiàn)都一反常Sheseemedtooignorantofthewaysoftheworld.她好像太不懂世道常情了Presentlyshebecameawareoffootstepshurryingafterher.Hesatpensiveandsilent.我越來越思念故鄉(xiāng)，也越來越尊重Withthepassingofdays,I moreandmorehomesickandmoreandmorerespectfulofmyoldhomeHesattherereadingthebook,obliviousofthepeoplenearby.Sothenextmorning,theconversationover,onelookeditup.MenranroundtheSpurr’shouselookingforawayin,butitseemedimpossible.Blushing,fidgetingnervouslywithhistie,blinkingtimidly,hefacedussilentlyfora這種帽子流行了去年一陣子Thishatwasinforawhilelast三天后，又起床活動(dòng)了Threedayslater,patientwasupandaboutagain.Theradioison.Shesatsilentlyforawhile,thenstartedwee.Withoutplants,lifecouldnotgoon.Machinesworkonelectricity.機(jī)器靠電來運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)Iwasattheshop我早早地來到了店里Chinahasbeenthroughawrenchingseriesofchangesandexperiments.軸圍繞自己的軸線轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)TheshaftturnsaboutitsWhennextIlookedouthewasonhiswaybackwithsomeruddytangerines.TranslationofScientificFormationofESTTerminology（術(shù)語ProperTheborrowingofdailyNewwordsandexpressionsbasedonmodernEnglishword-formationProperPropernounsforacertainmajor 赫 伏 氫氧化 顯hard 硬 電Theborrowingofdailyoperation(Computer手術(shù)(Military)ceiling絕對(duì)升限/(aeronautics航空學(xué)云幕高度(meteorology氣象學(xué)Theborrowingofdaily 傳遞/(daily發(fā)射/播送(aterminradio傳動(dòng)(inmechanical透射(in遺傳(inmedicalNewwordsandexpressionsbasedonmodernEnglishword-formation(1)Compoundingorcomposition,theprocessbywhichtwoindependentwordsareputtogethertomakeanewwords.(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)Clip,Back-Formation,Coinage,&transliterationofforeignlanguagesLaser(Lightamplificationbyemissionofradiation)激CPU(CentralProcessorUnity)處理 ligencequotient智 executiveofficer）首席執(zhí)行BBS（BulletinBoardSystem）電子公告板系統(tǒng)（現(xiàn) servicenetwork微軟網(wǎng)絡(luò)服CS(counter-strike)對(duì)抗MRI（magneticresonanceimaging磁Borrowing（外借詞Ohm(歐姆）amp（安培）diesel（內(nèi)燃機(jī)）hamburger（漢堡) Clip,Back-Formation,Coinage,&transliterationofforeignlanguagesClip:laboratory-refrigerator-Back-Formation:Laser-toCoinage:Quark夸克cyber-Transliterationtyphoon(臺(tái)風(fēng)）cool（酷microphone麥克風(fēng) ToturnverbsintonounswithactionsTochangeverbalphrasesorsentencesintonounphrases.Theearthrotatesonitsownaxis,whichcausesthechangefromdaytonight.Therotationoftheearthonitsownaxiscausesthechangefromdaytonight.(Theideatobeconveyedismuchclearer.)(1)Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheofthe火箭已被用來探索宇宙(2)Theadditionof2percentsodiumcarbonatetoboilingwaterincreasesthebactericideeffect.在沸水中加入2%的碳酸鈉會(huì)增加殺菌效(3)Thetestingofmachinesbythismethodentailssomelossofpower.用這種方法實(shí)驗(yàn)機(jī)器會(huì)損失一些功率Achickenisasuitablespecimenforthestudyofteralexternalfeaturesofabird.雞是研究禽類外部特征的合適范例Theflowofelectronsisfromthenegativezincplatetothepositivecopperplate.電子從負(fù)的鋅極流向正的銅極LiquidWaterComputerCivilRenewable反活counterin局CIA:Central 局FBI：FederalBureauofEMS：ExpressMail大等級(jí)考CET：CollegeEnglish中國CAAC：CivilAviationAdministrationofGDP：grossdomestic ler中國移動(dòng)通信公CMCC：ChinaMobileCommunicationsISO：InternationalOrganizationforSyntacticFeaturesof1.Non-deviationfromBasic---thepresenttense(esp.thesimplepresent2. al---frequentuseofpassivetheobjects,substancesandprocessesthefocusofattentionratherthanthepeopleoperatingwiththempassivevoice---preferableforonetokeepneutralandobjectiveSyntacticFeaturesof3.FrequentUseofNon-restrictive(to ng,4CommonUseofConditional&Imperative條5.Adjectivephrasesasattribute普遍使用形容詞6.FrequentEmploymentofLong,ComplexSimplePresentThislawappliestoallclassesofAllbodieshave(laws,rules,conclusions,truth---simplepresenttense)thepresenttense(esp.thesimplepresentPeoplediscoveredelectricityagoodmanyyearsago.Theancientpeoplecountedwith(tointroducewhatwasdoneinthepastsuchasinvention,creation,etc.---simplepastFrequentUseofPassiveA)PutitintoActivevoiceinB)RenderitasNon-life C)ReplaceitwithpassivevoiceinTranslationofScientific Intheexperiments,DNAmoleculeswereappliedtoasmallglassplateoverlaidwithgold.TheDNAwasmodifiedsothatallthepossibleanswerstoacomputationallydifficultproblemwereincluded.Byexposingthemoleculestocertainenzymes,themoleculeswiththewronganswerswereweededout,leavingonlytheDNAmoleculeswiththerightanswers. 在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，DAN分子被聯(lián)附于一小塊涂有金箔的玻璃片上。DNA被修改過，以便為計(jì) 可以消除那些攜帶錯(cuò)誤答案的分子，只留下帶正確答A這些機(jī)器應(yīng)輕放Themachinesshouldbehandledwithgreat蒸汽機(jī)發(fā)明的結(jié)果是機(jī)械力Theresultoftheinventionofenginewasthathumanpowerwasreplacedbymechanicalpower.Intheeventoffog,aircraftcanbeguideddowntotherunwayfromthecontroltower.SentencePattern:Itbe+.-edItisassertedthat有人主張ItisbelievedItisgenerallyconsideredthat大家(一般人)認(rèn)為Itiswellknown大家知道(眾所周知Itbe+V-ed據(jù)計(jì)算Ithasbeencalculated…可以毫不夸張地說Itmaybesaidwithoutfearofexaggerationthat必須承認(rèn)Itmustbeadmitted必須Itmustbepointedout由此可見Itwillbeseenfromthis人們說，數(shù)控就是用數(shù)字加以機(jī)床 Itissaidthatnumericalcontrolistheoperationofmachinetoolsbynumbers.大家知道,Itisknowntoalltha ectronsareminutenegativechargesof Theburningofcoalisverywastefulofenergy．Thiscanberealizedwhenwerememberthatonepoundofcoalburnedinthefurnaceofapowerstationwillraiseenoughtodriveageneratorthatwillproduceenoughcurrenttolightaone-barelectricfireforthreehours．Ontheotherhand，ifalltheenergyintheatomsofapoundofcoalcouldbereleased，thereshouldbeenergytodriveallthemachineryinallthefactoriesinBritainfora另一方面，1磅煤的原子中全部能量出來，Scientistshavecalculatedthatifabucketofsandfromthebeachcouldbecompleyconvenedintoenergyandiftheenergysoobtainedwasusedtodriveelectricgenerators．enoughcurrentwouldbeproducedtosupplythewholeofEuropeforfiveyear．incomparisontotherelativestabilityandmodesttechnicaldevelopmentswhichareoccurringinlonghaulwidebandmicrowavecommunicationsystems,thereisrapiddevelopmentandexpandingdeploymentofnewmobile alcommunicationsystem.機(jī)或打噴嚏，這些機(jī)器就會(huì)分析你口氣中Smartmachineswillalsohelpidentifymedicalconditions.Ifyousneezeonyourcomputeror,themachinewillstudythousandsofmoleculesinyourbreath.Thenitcan lyouwhetheryouneedtoseeadoctor. 清潔皮膚后，拍上化妝水收縮毛孔滋潤。Aftercleaningtheskin,patlotiontomoisturizetheskinpores.Rubmoisturizer,moisturizercanformprotectivefilmontheskinsurfacetoseparatetheskinwithcosmetics,thusprotectingtheskin,makeiteasierformakeupandthemakeupismore科技英語句子的翻英語重時(shí)體，漢語輕時(shí)Hereisnoagreementwhethermethodologyreferstotheconceptspeculiartohistoricalworkingeneralortotheresearchtechniquesappropriatetothevariousbranchesofhistorical 英語多長(zhǎng)句，漢語多——句子拆(1)InEurope,aselsewhere,multi-mediagroupshavebeenincreasinglysuccessful:(2)groupswhichbring evision,radio,newspapers,magazinesandpublishinghouses(3)thatworkinrelationtoone 雜志、組合到了一起。英語 ，漢語多主——語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)Duringthistransfer,traditionalhistoricalmethodswereaugmentedbyadditionalmethodologiesdesignedtointerpretthenewformsofevidenceinthehistoricalstudy. 狀語從句——以what,whoever,whatever,whether,when,wherehowwhy引導(dǎo)的主語從句，翻譯時(shí)一例：Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterperformancedependsupontheamount,reliabilityandappropriatenessoftheinformationusedandontheskillandwisdomwithwhichitis用it作形式主語的主語從逆序翻例：Itisamatterofcommonexperiencethatbodiesarelighterinwaterthantheyareinthe譯體在水中比在空氣中輕，這是一種。（強(qiáng)調(diào)）例：Itseemedinconceivablethatthepilotcouldhavesurvivedthecrash.駕駛員在飛機(jī)墜毀之后，竟然正序翻Furthermore,itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.率的提高則又有賴于各種科技的努力有些句型可用人稱作主語，引出句子Itwasthoughtbymanythattheoperationsofthecommonmindcanbynomeansbecomparedwiththeseprocesses.活動(dòng)根本無法與這些過程相比以that,what,how,when,which,why,if等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，翻譯Forexample,theydonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequality,andthusdonot lhowableanunderprivilegedyoungstermighthavebeenhadhegrownupundermorefavorablecircumstances.用it作形式賓語的句例：Scientistsmadeitcleartothattheymustobeythenaturallaws.Ourdifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostateofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,humannature,andsoon.順譯例：Thereisapossibilitythatthemetalgetsrusted.適當(dāng)增補(bǔ)某些動(dòng)詞，如“以為”、“例：Thescientistshavebeenlookingforevidencethatthedolphinunderstandsmorecomplicatedideas.前置Buttheideathatthejournalistunderstandthelawmoreprofoundlythananordinarycitizenrestsonanunderstandingoftheestablishedconventionsandspecialresponsibilitiesofthenewsmedia. 標(biāo)點(diǎn)ThistrendbeganduringtheSecondWar,whenseveral ernmentscametotheconclusionthatthespecificdemandsthata ernmentwantstomakeofitsscientificestablishmentcannotbeforeseenindetail.些得出結(jié)論：要向科研機(jī)構(gòu)提例：Thisreinforcedtheideathatanythingwaspossible,thatIcoulddoanythingI譯文：這進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)了想法——世上無難事，做的一切我都能做到定譯例：Weknowthefactthatbodiespossess例：ThedreamthathumanswalkintheouterisnotTranslatethefollowingNotlongago,thescientistsmadeanexcitingdiscoverythatthiswastematerialcouldbeturnedintoplastics.Thatoutenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Itisimaginedbymanythattheoperationsofthecommonmindcanbebynomeanscomparedwiththeseprocessesofmenofscience,andthattheyhavetobeacquiredbyasortofspecialtraining.Itiscertainthattechnology,especiallycomputertechnology,willruleourlivestoagreaterandgreaterdegree.Theideainvitesyoutothinkthatanimalsshouldbetreatedeitherwiththeconsiderationhumansextendtootherhumansorwithnoconsiderationatall.前置例：Todaygrowingnumberofmenandwomenarechangingcareersorgettingsecondstartsincareersthathavegreaterappealtothem.Wearethusledtodistinguish,withinthebroadeducationalprocess,whichwehavebeensofarconsidering,amoreformalkindofeducation---thatofdirecttuitionorschooling.后置Itappliesequallytotraditionalhistorianswhoviewhistoryasonlytheexternalandinternalcriticismofsources,andtosocialsciencehistorianswhoequatetheiractivitywithspecifictechniques.Hisfunctionis ogoustothatofajudge,whomustaccepttheobligationofrevealinginasobviousamanneraspossiblethecourseofreasoningwhichledhimtohisdecision.他的作用類似， 例：Theyworkedoutanewmethodbywhichproductionhasnowbeenrapidlyincreased.融合這種情況通常適用于“Therebe+定語從句”的例：Therearesocial,emotional,andconsiderationsinourfuturethatcannotbe例：Inourfactory,therearemanypeoplewhomuchinterestedinthenew譯文：在我們廠里，許多人。符號(hào)Creatinga“Europeanidentity“thatrespectsdifferentculturesandtraditionswhichgotomakeuptheconnectingfabricoftheOldContinentisnoeasytaskanddemandsastrategicchoice.“歐洲”并不容易，還需要性的選擇。狀譯ArgentinascientistPsdroSkvarea,whohasbeenwatchingtheretreatoficeshelvesinrecentyears,claimedthemassiveLarsenIceShelfdecreasedbymorethan30%from1975to1989.注冰架的后退，他認(rèn)為從1975年至，拉例：Thefarm,whichissmallproducesatyofwheateveryTranslatethefollowingThesurfaceofametalisattackedbyvariousgasesintheatmosphere,whichformchemicalcompoundsofthemetal.TheGreeksassumedthatthestructureoflanguagehadsomeconnectionswiththeprocessofthought,whichtookrootinEuropelongbeforepeoplerealizedhowdiverselanguagescouldbe.Spaceandoceansarethenewworldwhichscientistsaretryingtoexplore.ThistrendbeganduringtheSecondWorldWar,whenseveral ernmentscametotheconclusionthatthespecificdemandsa ernmentwantstomakeofitsscientificestablishmentcannotgenerallybeforeseenindetail.Authenticmaterialthatprovestheargumentneedstobecollected.狀語從句——連接Oddthoughitsounds,cosmicinflationisascientificallyplausibleconsequenceofsomerespectedideasinelementary-particlephysics,andmanyastrophysicistshavebeenconvincedforthebetterpartofadecadethatitistrue.Andhomeapplianceswillalso esosmartthat