我國(guó)社會(huì)保障體系講解

CHINA’SSOCIALSECURITYSYSTEM-----JiapingWANG;QianLIU第1頁(yè)ContentsDefinitionHistoryofDevelopmentMethodsandPrinciplesofEstablishment

CurrentSituationHowtoimproveConclusion第2頁(yè)MethodsandPrinciplesofEstablishmentwholesystematic,entiretysystematicstructure,

levelsanddifferencesmaintaincorrelationwiththemacropolicy,theentiresystemandmarketmanagement第3頁(yè)Chinesecharacteristics1.ConformwithChina'snationalconditionsandthedevelopmentallevelofproductiveforces2.Combinationofefficiencyandfairness3.Theintegrationofsocialpoolingandpersonalaccount4.Unifiedmanagement,divisionoffunctionsandseparationofthegovernmentandinstitution第4頁(yè)DEFINITIONSocialsecurityisaneconomicandsocialsystemrelatingtothevitalinterestsofmembersoftheentiresocietyforsafeguardingsocialstability,promotingeconomicdevelopment.Thesocialsecuritysystemoriginatedinthesocialsalvagesystemdesignedtoprovidematerialcompensationoraidtohelpcitizensovercomedifficultiesintheirlivelihoodandunexpecteddisaster.第5頁(yè)StructureofSocialSecurity第6頁(yè)ConstructionoftheSocialInsurancePensionMedicalinsuranceUnemploymentinsuranceMaternityinsuranceOccupationalinjuryinsurance第7頁(yè)ContentsDefinitionHistoryofDevelopmentCurrentSituationHowtoimproveConclusion第8頁(yè)

HISTORYofDevelopmentChina'ssocialsecuritysystem,foundedduringthewaryearsonthebasisofthesupplysystem,hasroughlygonethroughfourstages.TheFirstStage(1951-1966)In1951,thestatepromulgatedtheRegulations(Draft)ofthePeople‘sRepublicofChinaConcerningLaborInsurance.TheSecondStage(1966-1976)Duringthe10chaoticyears,socialinsuranceworksufferedserioussetbacksanddestruction,managementorgansweredissolved.tradeunionorganizationswerecompelledtosuspendactivities,socialpoolingfromsocietyforretirementexpenseswascancelled,andsocialinsurancewasturnedintoenterpriseinsurance.

TheThirdStage(1978-1992)ThethirdstagerangedfromtheThirdPlenarySessionofthe11thCPCCentralCommitteein1978tothe14thNationalCongressoftheParty.InhisGovernmentWorkReporttotheFirstSessionoftheSeventhNationalPeople'sCongressin1988,PremierLiPengpointedtotheneedofacceleratingreformofthesocialsecuritysystem,establishingandperfectingvarioussocialinsurancesystemsandgraduallyformingasocialsecuritysystemwithChinesecharacteristics.TheFourthStage(1993-present)Whileproposalfortheestablishmentofasocialistmarketeconomicsystemwasputforwardforthefirsttime,deepeningreformofthesocialsecuritysystemwasalsoclearlydefinedforthefirsttimeasoneoftheimportantlinksinthereformoftheeconomicsystem.第9頁(yè)ContentsDefinitionHistoryofDevelopmentCurrentSituationHowtoimproveConclusion第10頁(yè)

CURRENTSITUATION-1第11頁(yè)

CURRENTSITUATION-2第12頁(yè)

CURRENTSITUATION-3第13頁(yè)

CURRENTSITUATION-4第14頁(yè)HierarchySystemChina'ssocialsecuritysystemisdividedintofourlevels:Thefirstlevel:officials,civilservantsandpublicinstitutionswhoenjoysuperiorfinancialprovisionforpension,freemedicalcareandevenatpublicexpenseconvalescence;Thesecondlevel:thegeneralcityemployees,businessesandindividualspaypartofthecostofinsurance,personalaccountsandsocialpooling;Thethirdlevel:theresidentsofthecityhasnofixedwork,purchaseofcommercialinsurance;Thefourthgrade:theruralpopulationtoparticipateinthelow-levelruralold-agecooperativemedical.第15頁(yè)AllocationmechanismRegardlessofPoliticsandLaw,government-owned,regardlessoftheconductofpublicaffairs,executivesupervisor.第16頁(yè)IssuesConfrontingtheSocialSecuritySystem1.FiscalCrisisoftheSocialSecurityFund2.DifficultyofPremiumCollection(1)UndevelopedLegalSystem(2)PoorBusinessConditionofCompanies(3)DeficienciesinSocialSecurityAdministration(4)InefficientPremiumCollectionMethod3.SocialSecurityParticipationRateParticipationRateisLowOutsideofStateEnterprisesSpecialGroupsnotCoveredbySocialSecurity第17頁(yè)ConclusionChina’ssocialsecuritysystemisnowintheprocessofreform.Meanwhile,theagingofsocietyiscreatingnewpressuresonsocietyoverthelongterm.第18頁(yè)SolutionsTheformersocialsecuritysystembecameamajorobstacletotheongoingreformofstate-ownedenterprises.Thustherewasnochoicebuttoreformtheoldsystemandestablishanewone.1.Inpursuingthereformofstate-ownedenterprisesfollowingthereformsandmarketopeningof1978,state-ownedenterprisessoughttoimproveefficiencybyrestructuringandreducingexcessemployment.2.Forthesuccessfulreformofstate-ownedenterprisesandmaintenanceofsocialstability,itwasnecessarytoalleviatetheanxietiesofunemployedandlaid-offpersonsbypromotingre-employmentandatthesametimelayingoutthesocialsecuritysafetynetofunemploymentinsurance,medicalinsurance,andpensioninsurance.第19頁(yè)HowtousesocialsecurityfundThroughreadjustingtheproportionofburdensonenterprisesandtheflexibleuseofsocialsecurityfunds,itcanpromotethe``coolingdown''ofan``overheated''economyandboosteconomicgrowthwhentheeconomyisslidingdownhill.Accumulatedsocialsecurityfundsaretheimportantsourceoffundsfornationaleconomicconstruction.Arationalcontrolontheuseoffundsisconducivetoreadjustingtheindustrialstructureinaccordancewiththestate'sindustrialpolicy.第20頁(yè)ScandalsSafetyfeelingofCitizens第21頁(yè)ContentsDefinitionHistoryofDevelopmentCurrentSituationHowtoimproveConclusion第22頁(yè)HowtoimproveWhohaveauthoritytomodifytheprincipleofallocation/Howtosupervisetheutilizationofsocialsecurityfunds;Onesensiblereformwouldbeforthecentralgovernmenttotakechargeofthepensionsystem.Itcouldfilltheemptyaccounts,gluethefragmentedsystemtogetherandideallymakepensionsmuchmoreportable.Intermsofstructure,thelong-termgoalshouldbetogiveindividualsgreatercontrolovertheirownaccounts,choosingtheirinvestmentsastheydoinHongKong(withappropriatesafetynetsandsoon).TheproblemhereisthatChinastilllacksthematureandopenfinancialsystemsofHongKongandSingapore:itshelter-skelterstockmarketishardlyidealforretirementsavingsatthemoment.Sochangewillhavetobegradual.第23頁(yè)P(yáng)ercentageofGDP第24頁(yè)P(yáng)ercentageofGDP-aboutUSA第25頁(yè)OnestepforwardwouldbeforthegovernmenttohandoversomeofitsforeignassetstotheNationalSocialSecurityFund.Thatwouldfilltheaccountsanddiversifyhouseholdportfolios,withoutaskingtoomuchofChina’sownimmaturefinancialmarkets.Anotheroptionistoturntheemptyaccountsintoso-called“notional”accounts,aspioneeredbySweden.Underthissystem,individualcontributionsdeterminebenefits,accordingtoatransparentformulathatreflectstheretiree’slifeexpectancyandtheeconomy’sabilitytopay.Thebenefitsarestillpaidoutfromamixofcurrenttaxesandacentralpensionfund.Butasthefinancialsystemmatures,thepensionsys