U4重點詞匯講解

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2020-3-20U4重點詞匯講解ordern.訂貨，訂單I’dliketohaveanorderoffreshvegetable.我想訂購新鮮蔬菜。n.命令，要求Asasoldier,hemustalwaystakeorders,whetherrightorwrong.作為一個士兵，他必須總是服從命令，不管對與錯。n.治安，秩序Thepolicehelpkeeporderandprotectusfromcrime.警察幫助維持秩序和保護(hù)我們不受犯罪侵害。n.整齊，有條理Weshouldputeverythingintheroominorder.我們應(yīng)該把房間里的所有東西放整齊。n.出故障，有問題TheequipmentbroughtinlastyearfromtheUSAisnowoutoforder.去年從美國引進(jìn)的設(shè)備現(xiàn)在壞了。v.命令Thegeneralorderedthatthearmyshouldsetoffimmediately.將軍命令軍隊立刻出發(fā)。termn.術(shù)語，名詞；任期，期限；學(xué)期Scientifictermsarealwaysdifficulttoremember.科學(xué)術(shù)語總是很難記住。AnAmericanPresident'stermofofficeisfouryears.美國總統(tǒng)的任期是4年。ThesummertermrunsfromApriltoJuly.夏季學(xué)期從4月份到7月份。inthelongterm從長遠(yuǎn)角度來看intheshortterm就眼前來說Intheshortterm,themedicinemaynotbeveryeffective.從眼前看，這個藥可能療效不大。intermsof依，據(jù)；從方面；從角度來講Intermsofmoneywe'requiterich,butnotintermsofhappiness.就錢來說我們很富有，但論及幸福就不然了。offence=offensen.違反，罪Hecommittedanoffenceagainstourlaw.他違反了我們了法律。n.攻擊Offenseisthesafestformofdefense.攻擊是最好的防守。adj.offensive冒犯的，攻擊的，令人不快的（［to+名］對……的）Hetookupsomeoffensivewordstohisboss.他說了一些攻擊性的言論。hatredn.憎恨；仇恨；惡意，由動詞hate變化而來Helookedatmewithhatredinhiseyes.他以憎恨的眼光望著我。haveahatredfor/of憎惡Shehasaprofoundhatredoffascism.她對法西斯主義懷有深仇大恨。lastlyadv.最后一點；最后Lastly,we'regoingtovisitAthens,andflyhomefromthere.最后我們將訪問雅典，然后從那兒乘飛機(jī)回國。last也可以充當(dāng)副詞意為:上次，最近IsawhimlastinNewYork.我上次見到他是在紐約。identify）v.確認(rèn)；識別；鑒定,驗明（+as）Icannotidentifythissignature.我識別不出這是誰的簽字。v.視……（與……）為同一事物（+with）Neveridentifywealthwithhappiness.千萬不要把財富和幸福等同起來。v.（與）認(rèn)同；感同身受（+with）Iidentifiedwiththeheroineofthenovel.我與小說中的那個女主人公感同身受。break短語歸納：breakdown損害；（把化合物等）分解；垮掉Hehascompletelybrokendownunderthepressureofwork.在工作壓力下他完全垮掉了。breakin插入，打擾Don’tbreakinwhileothersarespeaking.別人講話時不要插嘴。breakout爆發(fā)，發(fā)生Doeseveryoneknowwhattodoifafirebreaksout?人人都知道火災(zāi)發(fā)生后該做什么嗎？breakoff打斷；折斷；結(jié)束Shebrokeofftheirengagementonlyafewweeksbeforetheywereduetobemarried.就在他們預(yù)期結(jié)婚前幾個星期她解除了婚約。breakthrough突破Hefailedmanytimesbuthefinallybrokethroughtofindasuccessfulwaytocurethisdisease.他失敗了很多次，最后終于發(fā)現(xiàn)了有效治療這種疾病的方法。breakawayfrom脫離；打破Theybrokeawayfromthenationalunionandsetuptheirownlocalorganization.他們脫離了國家聯(lián)邦建立了自己的地方組織。breakup解散,分解；絕交Thereareplanstobreakthecompanyupintoseveralsmallerindependentcompanies.有計劃把這家公司分解成幾個獨立的小公司。annuallyadv.每年；每年一次Theycelebratetheirweddinganniversaryannually.他們每年慶祝一番結(jié)婚紀(jì)念日。annual既是形容詞又是名詞annualreport年度報告annualring【植】年輪n.年刊；年報；年鑒；年稅regardingprep.關(guān)于(某人/某事物)Iwrotealetterregardingmydaughter'sschoolexaminations.我寫了一封關(guān)于我女兒學(xué)?？荚嚨男拧Ｆ渫x詞：asregards/concerningAsregardseconomicissues,heagreedwithourview.關(guān)于經(jīng)濟(jì)問題，他同意我們的看法。Wedidmoreworkconcerningtheagingpopulation.我們做了更多有關(guān)老齡化的工作。keep短語歸納：keepaway遠(yuǎn)離；使不靠近Keepthechildrenawayfromthemachineespeciallywhenitisrunning.不要讓孩子靠近機(jī)器尤其當(dāng)機(jī)器在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時。keepback隱瞞；使不往前Igotthefeelinghewaskeepingsomethingback.我有一種感覺他在隱瞞著什么。keepfrom忍??；阻止Theplaywassoboring,Icouldhardlykeepmyselffromfallingasleep.比賽太無聊了，我忍不住想睡覺。keepoff擋??；避開：使不靠近Thesigninthegardensays,“Keepoffthegrass!”花園里的指示牌上寫著“勿踏草地!”keepto堅持；信守Whenwerideorwalk,wemustkeeptotheright.無論是騎車還是走路，要靠右邊。keepout（of）置身之外；把擋在外面You’dbetterkeepoutoftheirquarrel.你最好不要介入他們的爭吵當(dāng)中。keepup跟上，不落后；保持Employeesneedtokeepupwiththelatesttechnicaldevelopments.職工們需要跟上最新的技術(shù)進(jìn)步。workingsn.（復(fù)數(shù)）運(yùn)行，運(yùn)作Theworkingsofstockexchangearebeyondmostpeople’sknowledge.證券交易的運(yùn)作是大多數(shù)人都不懂的。workvi.奏效，有用Yourideasoundsgood,butcanitwork?你的想法聽起來不錯，但是有用嗎？vt.使產(chǎn)生效果Itissaidthatthenewdrugcanworkwonders.據(jù)說新藥能產(chǎn)生奇跡。worksn.工廠（單復(fù)數(shù)同形）Thechemicalworkshasbeenclosed.化學(xué)廠已經(jīng)被關(guān)閉了。n.作品（可數(shù)，但常用復(fù)數(shù)）Shakespeare'sworksincludeplaysandpoems.莎士比亞的作品包括劇本和詩歌。spyspies（第三人稱單數(shù)）；spied（過去式、過去分詞）；spying（現(xiàn)在分詞）1）vt.（1）暗中監(jiān)視；偵察出Hesentoutapartytospytheenemy.他派出一個小分隊暗中監(jiān)視敵人的行動。（2）察覺，發(fā)現(xiàn)（復(fù)合賓語）Wespiedastrangerhangingaroundthecorner.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)一位陌生人在拐角處閑蕩。vi.當(dāng)間諜；暗中監(jiān)視;刺探(+on/upon/into)Wespiedontheman.我們監(jiān)視那個人。n.間諜；密探[可數(shù)名詞]Shelikedtheadventuresofaspy.她喜歡間諜的冒險。applyapplyto向申請(請求)Iappliedtofouruniversitiesandwasacceptedbyallofthem.我申請了四所大學(xué)，都被他們接受了。applyto使用，應(yīng)用于，適合于Dothesamerulesapplytopart-timeworkers?這同樣的規(guī)章制度適用于那些兼職工人嗎？applyoneselftosth/doingsth勤奮工作，努力學(xué)習(xí)Youwouldpassyourexamsifyouappliedyourselftoyourlessons.努力學(xué)習(xí)就會通過考試。applysthtosth把應(yīng)用于Newtechnologyisbeingappliedtoalmosteveryindustrialprocess.新技術(shù)正用于差不多各個工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程中。Theseideasareoftendifficulttoapplyinpractice.這些想法很難在實際中應(yīng)用。applyfor申請Sheappliedforajobwiththelocalnewspaper.她在當(dāng)?shù)貓笊缟暾埩艘环莨ぷ?。application申請，應(yīng)用Theuniversitywelcomesapplicationsfromoverseasstudents.大學(xué)歡迎來自海外的申請。Theresearchhasmanypracticalapplications.這項研究有許多實際的用途。部分后接名詞的帶to短語歸納:belongto屬于leadto通向，導(dǎo)致oweto歸功于pointto指向referto查閱，提到stickto堅持，粘住turnto求助于contributeto促進(jìn)于，是原因；作貢獻(xiàn)payattentionto重視，注重similarlyadv.相似地；類似地Thetwoboysdresssimilarly.兩個小男孩穿得差不多一樣。也；同樣ShewaslateandIsimilarlywasdelayed.她遲到了，我也晚了。similaradj.相像的，相仿的，類似的(+to)”Hisproblemissimilartoyours.他的問題和你的相似。similarityn.1）類似；相似[不可數(shù)]Thesimilaritybetweenthetworeportssuggeststhatonepersonwroteboth.那兩個報告極其相似,這意味著它們出自一人的手筆。2）相似點；類似點[可數(shù)]Beesandwaspsbothsting,buttheyhaveothersimilaritiestoo.蜜蜂和黃蜂都刺人,但它們還有其他相似之處。straitn.常以復(fù)數(shù)表示單數(shù)意義,尤其用于專有名稱海峽;（聯(lián)接兩大水域之間的）狹窄水道theStraitsofGibraltar直布羅陀海峽theMagellanStraits麥哲倫海峽困難；陷于（惡劣的）財務(wù)困境中（常用復(fù)數(shù)）Shehasbeeningreatstraits（financially）sinceherhusbanddied.自從她丈夫去世，她（在經(jīng)濟(jì)方面）一直處于困境。aboardadv.在船（或飛機(jī)；車）上；上船（或飛機(jī)，車）Allpassengersaboardfellintotheriver.船上所有乘客皆落入河中。prep.在（船，飛機(jī)，車）上；進(jìn)入，上（船，飛機(jī)，車）Theywerethelasttwotogoaboardtheship.他們是最后兩位上船的。介詞短語onboard=aboardWewentonboardtheship.我們登上了輪船。（做狀語）Everybodyonboardwasworriedandwewerecurioustofindoutwhathadhappened.飛機(jī)上的人都很著急,而且我們急于想了解出了什么事。（做后置定語）注意：aboard豐abroad（adv.往國外，到處，海外）posevi.使擺好姿勢（照相、畫像時擺好姿勢）Weposedforphotographsafterthegraduationceremony.畢業(yè)典禮后，我們擺好姿勢照了相。vi.（與as連用）冒充；假裝Tomwascaughtposingasalawyer.湯姆冒充律師被當(dāng)場抓住。vt.提出；陳述toposeanargument提出議論vt.造成，形成（問題）toposeanobstacleto成為障礙n.姿態(tài)，裝腔作勢He’salwaystalkingabouthisdeepinterestinphilosophy—it’sjustapose.他總是談?wù)撍麑φ軐W(xué)的濃厚興趣—那只是裝腔作勢罷了。練習(xí)：首字母填空完成句子。Ifyouwanttogotoaforeigncountry,itisnecessaryforyoutobeinpossessionofavalidpassportandanyv.Therehavebeenquestionsabouttheaofgovernmentstatistics.Arcanbecalledinforsomedisputesbetweenneighbors.Heisoldandunpopular.F，hehasatbestonlytwoyearsofpoliticallifeaheadofhim.TheincidenttookplaceinacontrolledbytheChinesemilitary.Inthefirsthalfofthe1970s,theeconomywasgrowingatanarateof7percent.Ryourrecentinquiry,Ihaveenclosedacopyofournewbrochure.Manymanagerstendtoviewcomputersecurityandcomputercrimeastproblemsthattechnicianscansolve.MyshoesweresotthatIcouldhardlywalk.Youneedspecialstoviewtheinformationinthefile.根據(jù)中文填空完成句子。Itisdifficulttounderstandthearticle,becauseithasusedmanytechnical（術(shù)語）.Thenovelhasbeencriticizedforbeing（冒犯的）toMuslims.Thelongcoldwinteronlyincreasedhis（憎恨）oftheplace.WhileIwashavingdinnerintherestaurant,awaitercameoverandhandedmethe（支票），leavingmedumbfounded.Itistheresponsibilityofeach（個人）withintheclasstomakesuretheyhavethecorrectbooks.Eachstudentmustobtainthe（簽名）ofhisorherparentsifhe/shewantstoboardourschool.Afteryearsresearch,scientistshave（認(rèn)定）virusthatisresponsibleforthedisease.Thereisa（理論上的）chanceofinfection,butitisnotverylikely.Thegiftshouldbesomethingthe（接收者）willlike.Don’tpicktheapplesuntilthey’rereally（成熟的）.選詞語填空完成句子。orderidentifytermkeepupapplytoposesimilarlybreakupaboardkeeptoWouldyoubeabletothemanwhorobbedyou?Ifyoucannot,Icanwalkmoreslowly.Wedon'tknowthereasonwhytheyhavewitheachother.Theitemsarelistedinofimportance.Theacademicyearisdividedintotwo.Stopandtelluswhatyoureallythink.Thebrothersdress.Indiscussingthisproblem,weou