高三英語一輪復習詞意猜測學案

StrategiesandTechniquesforGuessingtheMeaningsofWordsorPhrasesWhileReading邏輯關(guān)系猜詞（logicalrelation）（一）同義詞或近義詞利用上下文中出現(xiàn)的同義或近義的單詞或短語推知生詞的意思。常見信號詞：and,or,also,as…as，justas,similarly等對點真題：Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodouble.Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Oncetheyarrive,thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch.（2017.全國卷Ⅱ.D)

A.Theattackersgetattacked.B.Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.

C.Theplantsgetreadytofightback.D.Theperfumesattractnatural（二）反義或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系在一個句子或段落中，有對兩個事物或現(xiàn)象進行對比性的描述，我們可以根據(jù)生詞的反義詞猜測其詞義。表示對比關(guān)系的詞匯和短語主要有：unlike,not,but,however,despite,inspiteof,incontrast等。表示對比關(guān)系的句子結(jié)構(gòu)：while引導的并列句對點練習：Achild’sbirthdaypartydoesn’thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂hassle＂probablymean?A.apartydesignedbyspecialistsB.aplanrequiringcarefulthoughtC.asituationcausingdifficultyortroubleD.ademandmadebyguests(三)因果關(guān)系利用因果關(guān)系猜詞義，常見的詞或短語：since,as,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,hence,owingto,thanksto,onaccountof,resultin,accordingly,so…that等。對點真題：OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette,butyou'llneedawarm,shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit,soit'sapipedreamformostappleloverswhofallforit.

A.Apracticalidea.B.Avainhope

C.Abrilliantplan.D.Aselfishdesire

二.解釋說明法（explanation）下定義下定義：is,mean,referto,namely等后的內(nèi)容是對前面解釋說明或由thatis(tosay),inotherwords，toputitanotherway引出一些具體的解釋性的短語解釋生詞。（二）定語從句定語從句：定語從句修飾和限定了先行詞的內(nèi)容和范疇

becalled/beknownas被稱為

bedefinedas被定義為

（三）同位語：同位語是對其前的內(nèi)容進行解釋說明（四）舉例suchas,like,forexample,forinstance

對點真題：…allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.(2018?全國卷Ⅰ?C)

A.complex.B.advanced.

C.powerful.D.modern

（五）標點符號冒號、破折號和括號等標點符號，可表示解釋說明。三．構(gòu)詞法（formation）（一）合成法：指兩個或多個單詞按照一定的組合規(guī)律組合在一起，形成一個新的單詞1.color-blind2.ill-treat3.quick-charge對點練習：…Bakerconcludesthatpeopledonothavetheabilitytosensewhenthey’rebeingstaredat.Ifpeopledoubttheoutcomeofhistwoexperiments,saidBaker,“Isuggesttheyrepeattheexperimentsandseeforthemselves.”…Theunderlinedword“outcome”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans.A.value B.resultC.performance D.connection（二）派生法：通過在詞根上添加前綴或后綴構(gòu)造新詞。一般講前綴改變詞義不變詞性，后綴改變詞性不變詞義。

常見的前綴有：

ant/anti-:反的抵抗的antibody,antibioticanti-blackmal-:壞的不好的maltreat,malnutritionmalfunctionInter-在...之間相互interactinterrelateinterdependentsub-在下面的次一等的subconscious,subtitle,subtropical后綴有：

-tioneducation,satisfaction-mentdevelopment,movement

-ionaction,solution,conclusion-ousdangerous,humorous

-fulhelpful，careful-ablecomfortable,acceptable

（三）轉(zhuǎn)化法把一種詞性用作另一種詞性而詞形不變。高考中?？际煸~生義,同學們注意積累，做題時也要結(jié)合語境進行檢查。

四．生活常識和文化背景（Commonsense）對點真題:

Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings？ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.

1.Whatdothewords“moreismore”inparagraph1probablymean？（2018全國卷）Themore,thebetter.B.Enoughisenough.

C.Moremoney,moreworries.D.Earnmoreandspendmore.同學們可以利用生活常識和文化背景進行猜測詞義，但每個人已有的知識和經(jīng)驗存在差異，做題時要多結(jié)合語境。

五．利用上下文語境（context）對點真題：

MyFavoriteBooks

JoUsmarisawriterforCosmopolitanandco-authoroftheThisBookWillseries（系列）oflifestylebooks.Hereshepickshertopreads.

Matilda

RoaldDahl

IoncewroteapaperontheinfluenceoffairytalesonRoaldDahl'swritinganditgavemeanewappreciationforhisstrangeanddelightfulwords.Matilda'sbattleswithhercruelmeparentsandthebossyheadmisres，MissTrunchbull，areequallyfumyandfrightening，butthey'realsoaspirational.

（2019全國卷2）

1.Whatdoes“I”referto?

StephenKing.B.GillianFlynn.C.JoUsmar. D.RoaldDahl

利用上下文語境猜測詞義要注意進行全面考慮，結(jié)合關(guān)鍵詞和詞語的搭配等

Lackofparentwillpowermaycontributemoretojuvenileobesitythanunder-exercisingorovereating.

Researchsuggeststhathavingoverweightparentsisabiginfluenceuponachild’sweight,withonestudyfindingthatchildrenwithoverweightparentswerefourtimesmorelikelytobeoverweightthemselves.

Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“juvenileobesity”mean?

A.Adulteducation. B.Childhoodoverweight.

C.Parents’influence. D.Growingpains.真題在線：1Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts(收銀臺).Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia,includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslike

Stein

to

makethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.1..Whatdoestheword“headwinds”inparagraph2referto?A.Bansonplasticbags.