主謂一致 語法一致原則

主謂一致教案一、語法一致原則Readingbooksinbedisabadhabit..onthedeskaretwobooks.二）意義一致原則有時，主語和謂語動詞的一致關(guān)系取決于主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)意義，而不是語法上的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式，這樣的一致關(guān)系就是意義一致。例如：MyfamilywatchTVaftersupper.Theunitedstatesisadevelopedcountry.thispairoftrouserscostsfiftydollars.三）就近原則有時，謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定于最靠近它的詞語。例如：eithermygrandsonsortheirfatheriscoming.Thereissomebreadandsomecakesonthetable.二、以集合名詞做主語的主謂一致問題有些集合名詞，class,crew,crowd,family,audience,government,group,mob,staff,team,unioncommittee,這類名詞作主語的主謂一致問題往往遵循“意義一致”原則。例如：thepresentgovernmentistryingtocontrolinflation.theschoolstaffareexpectedtosuperviseschoolmeals.（一）通常作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞包括police,people,cattle,militia,vermin等，這些集體名詞通常用作復(fù)數(shù)。例如：（二）通常作不可數(shù)名詞的集體名詞包括baggage,luggage,jewellery,poultry，machinery,equipment,furniture,clothing,merchandise等allthemachineryinthefactoryismadeinchina.四、以-s結(jié)尾的名詞作主語的主謂一致問題（一）以-s結(jié)尾的疾病名稱作主語的主謂一致問題如：arthritis,（關(guān)節(jié)炎）bronchitis,（肺炎）measles（麻疹）diabetes,mumps,phlebitis,rickets這類以-s結(jié)尾的疾病名稱作主語時，謂語動詞通常用作單數(shù)。例如：measlesusuallyoccursinchildren.（三）以-s結(jié)尾的地理名稱作主語的主謂一致問題如theunitedstates，thenetherlands，因其是單一政治實體，所以謂語動詞用作單數(shù)。例如：但如果是群島、山脈、海峽、瀑布等地理名稱作主語，謂語動詞用作復(fù)數(shù)。例如：thehimalayashaveamagnificentvarietyofplant.theniagarafallsareperhapsthemostsplendidwaterfallintheworld.（四）以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱作主語的主謂一致問題某些以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱作主語時，如physics,mathematics,mechanics,politicsstatistics,economics,physicsisafundamentalsubjectinscience.thethirdworldeconomicsispromising.（五）其它以-s結(jié)尾的名詞的主謂一致問題3）表示成雙成套的名詞，如：chopsticks（筷子），compasses,clothes,glasses,jeans,scissors,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves,shorts等，作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式;但如與akindof,apairof,thatpairof,aseriesof連用，作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：twopairsofscissorsaremissingfrommytoolbox.

thecontentsofthebookaremostamusing.五、如果句子的主語是并列結(jié)構(gòu)，其主謂一致問題通常遵循以下原則：由and/both...and連接的并列主語的主謂一致問題由and/both...and連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，可根據(jù)主語的意義決定謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Butterandbreadironandsteelwarandpeacefishandchips當(dāng)and連接的并列名詞詞組帶有each，every,no,manya等限定詞時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。例如：由or/nor/either...or連接的并列主語的主謂一致問題由or,nor,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語主語+介詞當(dāng)主語后面跟有由ratherthan,insteadof,morethan,aswellas,,with,alongwith,togetherwith,except,besides,but,inadditionto,apartfrom,including,concerning等引導(dǎo)的詞組時，六、以表示數(shù)量概念的名詞詞組作主語的主謂一致問題當(dāng)主語為表示確定數(shù)量的名詞詞組時，如果數(shù)量概念被看做一個整體，動詞用單數(shù)，如果被看做組成該數(shù)量的個體，動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：threeweekshavepassed,buttwoweeksarestillleftthereweresixsilverdollarsineachofthestockings.如果作主語的名詞詞組是由“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of”詞組構(gòu)成，allof,someof,halfof,mostof,其動詞形式取決于of詞組中名詞的類別。例two-thirdsofthepeoplepresentisagainsttheplan.Alloftheworkhasbeendone兩數(shù)相減或相除，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；兩數(shù)相加或相乘，謂語動詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：sixtyminusseventeenleavesforty-three.forty-twodividedbysixisseven.sixandpluseightmakes/makefourteen.sixtimeseightis/areforty-eight.如果主語由"onein/oneoutof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”構(gòu)成，在正式語體中，動詞用單數(shù)。例如：oneintenstudentshaspassedtheexamination.oneoutoftwelvebottleswasleftintact.如果主語由Oneortwodays、onedayortwo/oneandahalfdays/one/adayandahalfdayOneandahalfapples(leave)onthetable.如果主語是由“manya+/morethanone+名詞”用單數(shù)。例如：manyamanhashisownresponsibility.morethanoneshipwaslostthisyear.同位語原則Eachofthestudents(take)anactivepartintheEnglishcontest.weeach(take)anactivepartintheEnglishcontest.the+adj.表示一類人或物做主語時如the+blind,deaf,living,dead,wounded,poor,richold,young等the+姓的復(fù)數(shù)形式表一家人謂語動詞用單數(shù)。TheGreenswerewatchingTVwhenafirebrokeout3）主語從句、動詞不定式、動名詞形式作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Lookingafterthechildrenismyfulltimejob.Todieforthepeopleisaworthydeath.由some,any,no,every+one/thing/body所構(gòu)成的不定代詞做主語時，謂語用單數(shù)Nobodywantstogothere.Somethinghasbeendonetoendthestrike.2)單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時，按意義一致的原則。作單數(shù)意義時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，反之謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞有：sheep,fish,deer,means(方法),species(種類),works(工廠),倒裝句中，必須認(rèn)準(zhǔn)哪是主語。如：Betweenthetwobuildings(stand)amonument.Ontheship(be)over2,200people.Morethan1,500peoplelosttheirlives.Amongthose(be)theyoungwoman.12).all做主語表示人時，謂動用復(fù)數(shù)；若表物，謂動則用單數(shù)。13Oneortwo+n(p)+V(p)Oneortwostudentswerelateforclass.a+n(s)+ortwo+V(s)一兩個...Onestudentortwowaslateforclass.15)Oneandahalf+n(p)+V(s)a+n(s)andahalf+V(s)一個半oneofthestudents,theonly/veryoneofthestudents.anumberof+n(復(fù)數(shù))the