人教版英語八年級下unit2講解與練習(xí)

人教版英語八年級下unit2講解與練習(xí)人教版英語八年級下unit2講解與練習(xí)人教版英語八年級下unit2講解與練習(xí)資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月人教版英語八年級下unit2講解與練習(xí)版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準:發(fā)布日期：Unit2I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks.SectionA1.Youshouldhelptocleanupthecityparks.Cleanup意為“徹底打掃；清除”，是“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的短語動詞，后面跟名詞作賓格時，名詞放在up前后均可，后面跟代詞作賓格時，代詞應(yīng)當(dāng)放在up前面。e.g.Heoftenhelpsparentscleanuptheroomsonweekends.2.Thegirlcouldvisitthesickkidsinthehospitaltocheerthemup.Cheerup意為“變得更高興，振奮起來”，是“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的短語，cheerup既可以作及物動詞短語，也可以作不及物動詞短語e.g.HecheeredupatoncewhenIagreedtohelphim.Cheerup!Thenewsisn’ttoobad.Hetookhertothecinematocheerherup.【拓展】1）cheer作不及物動詞，意為“歡呼；喝彩”e.g.Thegirlscheeredasthefamoussingerarrived.2)cheer作及物動詞，意為“為···歡呼，高呼”e.g.Thewholevillageturnedouttocheerthehero3)cheer作可數(shù)名詞，意為“歡呼聲，喝彩聲”e.g.Wecanhearthecheersofstudentsoutsidethegym.4)cheeron意為“為···加油”e.g.Wewillhaveabasketballgamethisafternoon.Wouldyouliketocomeandcheeruson？【現(xiàn)學(xué)現(xiàn)練】Hefailedinthemathtestandlookssad.Let’s_______A.puthimupB.sethimupC.cheerhimupD.cleanhimup3.Theboycouldgiveoutfoodatthefoodbank.Giveout意為“散發(fā)，分發(fā)”，相當(dāng)于“handout”，是“動詞+副詞”的短語動詞e.g.Canyougiveoutthedrinksout,please?【拓展】Giveout的不同含義：1）giveout表示“發(fā)出（光、熱、聲音、氣味等）e.g.Thesungivesoutlightandheattotheearth.2)giveout表示“用完，耗盡”e.g.Ourfoodsuppliesbegantogiveout.4.Thegirlcouldvolunteerinanafter-schoolstudyprogramtoteachkids.Volunteer動詞，意為“志愿做，義務(wù)做”，后可跟名詞、代詞或動詞不定式作賓語e.g.Jennyvolunteeredtocleanuptheroomafterparty.【拓展】Volunteer作可數(shù)名詞，意為“志愿者”e.g.CanIhaveavolunteertocollecttheglasses?5.Wecan’tputoffmakingaplanPutoff意為“推遲”，是“動詞+副詞”的短語動詞，其后可跟名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語e.g.Theyputoffthematchbecauseoftheheavyrain.Pleasedon’tputoffdoingyourhomework.Neverputofftilltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday.【拓展】由put構(gòu)成的常見短語有：Putaway將···收起來puton穿上；上演putdown放下；記下Putout熄滅；伸出putback放回原處putup張貼；搭建6.Let’smakesomenotices,tooNotice此處作可數(shù)名詞，意為“公告牌；通告；布告”e.g.Thereisanoticeonthewall,saying“NoParking”I’llputupanoticeaboutthemeeting.【拓展】1）notice作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“注意”e.g.Takenoticeofwhattheysay.2)notice作動詞，意為“注意到，留心，看到”e.g.DidyounoticeJackcomein7.TheytoldmestoriesaboutthepastandhowthingsusedtobeUsedto意為“過去···，曾經(jīng)···”，后跟動詞原形，表示“過去常常做某事”，指表示過去和現(xiàn)在的對比，暗指現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不存在的動作或狀態(tài)e.g.Heusedtoworkinthehospital.Hedidn’tusetowalkaftersupper.【拓展】1)beusedtodosth.意為“被用于做某事”，不定式表目的e.g.Thebookisusedtoteachushowtowrite.2)beusedfor+n./v.ing表示“被用于···”e.g.Astampisusedforsendingletters.3)get/beusedtodoingsth.e.g.Heisusedtoeatingoutallthetime.8.Yeah,alotofoldpeoplearelonely.Lonely是形容詞，充當(dāng)表語，指“孤獨的”，用于人時，表示一種心理狀態(tài)，突出內(nèi)心孤獨寂寞的感覺，側(cè)重缺少同伴友誼而感到孤獨、寂寞。含憂郁之意。e.g.Hefeltverylonelywithouthisfriends.9.···giveupseveralhourseachweektohelpothers.Several作形容詞，意為“幾個，數(shù)個”，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)e.g.Severaldayslater,Grandmacametothelibrarytoborrowsomebooks.【拓展】Several作代詞，意為“幾個，數(shù)個”e.g.Excuseme,haveyougotanybooksaboutsports?---Yes,we’vegotseveral.Severalofuswentthere.10.IgetsuchastrongfeelingofsatisfactionwhenIseetheanimalgetbetterandthelookofjoyontheirowner’sfaces.1)Feeling在此用作可數(shù)名詞，意為“感覺；感觸”e.g.I’vegotabadfeeling.Itwasagreatfeelingwhenawildanimalshowsyouaffection.Feel還可用作連系動詞，意為“覺得，感覺到”e.g.Ifeltverytiredafterrunning.2)satisfaction為不可數(shù)名詞，意為“滿意，滿足”，其反義詞是dissatisfaction.e.g.Shesmiledinsatisfaction.【拓展】Satisfaction（名詞，滿意）----satisfy（動詞，使?jié)M意）----satisfied（形容詞，滿意的）1)besatisfiedtodosth.意為“對做某事感到滿意”e.g.Hewassatisfiedtowinthematch.2)besatisfiedwith意為“對···感到滿意”e.g.Shewasnotsatisfiedwiththeresult.3)joy在此用作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“高興；愉快”e.g.Lifeisalwaysfullofjoy.Hejumpedupwithjoy.4)owner可數(shù)名詞，意為“物主，主人”e.g.Heistheownerofthecar.【拓展】1)own形容詞，意為“自己的”，一般用于形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格之后以加強語氣。e.g.Isawitwithmyowneyes.2)own及物動詞，意為“有；擁有”，相當(dāng)于have.e.g.Heownsabighouse.3)ofone’sown.意為“屬于某人自己的”e.g.AtlastI’vegotabighouseofmyown.11.Thekidsaresittinginthelibrary,butyoucanseeintheireyesthatthey’regoingonadifferentjourneywitheachnewbook.Journey意為“旅行；行程”，可數(shù)名詞，一般指長途旅行e.g.Lifeisalongjourneyfrombirthtodeath.12.Ourclassistryingtocomeupwithsomeideastocheerupsickchildrenbecausetheyareoftensad.Sick形容詞，意為“生病的；有病的”，其反義詞為well.e.g.Hissisterwassickwithacold.Sick作形容詞時，還可表示“（想）嘔吐的，惡心的”e.g.IalwaysfeelsickwhenItravelbyship.Thesmellmakeshimsick.【拓展】Sick與ill的辨析：Sick指“生病”時主要用于英式英語，可作定語也可作表語，表示“惡心；嘔吐”時只用作表語e.g.Heisasickman.Hebegantofeelsickassoonastheshipstartedtomove.Ill指“生病”時，主要用于美式英語，只用作表語，一般不作定語e.g.Heisillandstaysinbed.13.Forexample,wecanmakeplanstovisitsickchildreninthehospitalorraisemoneyforhomelesspeople.Raise作及物動詞，意為“籌集；征集”e.g.Theywanttoraiseenoughmoneyforbuildingaschool.【拓展】raise的其他用法：1)作及物動詞，意為“舉起，抬起”e.g.Pleaseraiseyourhands!2)作及物動詞，意為“種植”e.g.Theirfamilyraisedalotofcorn.3)作及物動詞，意為“飼養(yǎng)，供養(yǎng)”e.g.Shelikestoraiseadog.14.Iwanttotravelalone.Alone作副詞，意為“單獨地；獨自地”e.g.Helikeslivingalone.1)alone作副詞，用在名詞或代詞之后，意為“只有；僅僅”e.g.Healoneunderstandsme.2)alone作形容詞，意為“獨自的；單獨的”e.g.Shewasaloneinthedarkroom.【拓展】Alone與lonely辨析Alone表示“單獨的；肚子的”，指一個人或事物與其他的人或事物分開，不含感情色彩。e.g.HeisaloneintheclassroomLonely表示“孤獨的，寂寞的”，指人時含有濃重的感情色彩，即因缺少朋友、同情、親情而產(chǎn)生的一種孤獨、悲傷和憂郁的感情。e.g.Shehasfewfriendshereandfeelslonely.SectionB1.I’verunoutofit.Runoutof是“動詞+副詞+介詞”的短語，of后接賓語，主語通常是表示“人”的名詞，也可用于某種能消耗物品的機器等，意為“···用完了···”e.g.I’verunoutofpaper.【拓展】1)runoutof可表示“從···跑出來”的意思e.g.Thedogrunoutoftheroom.2)runout是“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的不及物動詞短語，意為“用完，用盡”，主語通常是表示“時間、金錢”等無生命的東西。e.g.Allthemoneyranoutbyme.3)sth.runout表示“某物用盡了，用完了”e.g.Ourfoodwillsoonrunout.2.Itakeaftermymother.Takeafter意為“像；與···相像”，指由于血緣關(guān)系而在外貌、性格等方面相似，相當(dāng)于besimilarto，其中after是介詞，其后常接名詞或代詞e.g.Yourdaughterdoesn’ttakeafteryouatall.【拓展】1)looklike意為“看上去像···”，多指外貌e.g.Youlooklikemybrother.2)belike意為“像···”，可指外貌，也可指性格e.g.Whatisyoursisterlike?3.Irepairedit.Repair及物動詞，意為“修理，修補，修繕（房屋）”e.g.Herepairsoldfurniture.辨析：repair,mend與fix1)repair比fix和mend更正式，常用于表示修補破損或有洞的東西e.g.Maryrepairedtheradiojustforthefunofit.2)mend著重修補衣服上的洞、道路、屋頂或圍欄等e.g.Mymothermendedclothesformeyesterday.3)fix側(cè)重于“安裝”，有時也用作“修理”，常用于指修理機器、車輛等e.g.Theworkersarefixingthemachine.4.I’msimilartoher.1)similar形容詞，意為“相似的；相仿的”e.g.MybestfriendandIhavesimilarhobbies.2)besimilarto意為“與···相似/相仿”e.g.Mynewdressissimilartoyours.【拓展】Besimilarinsth.意為“在某方面相似/相仿”e.g.Thetwobuildingsaresimilarinstyle.5.WhowrotethelettertoMissLi?1)letter可數(shù)名詞，“信，函”e.g.Tom,hereisaletterforyou.2)writethelettertosb.相當(dāng)于writetosb.意為“給某人寫信”e.g.IamwritingthelettertomyfriendDoyouoftenwritetoyourfriends?【拓展】1)receivealetterfromsb.與hearfromsb.同義，意為“收到某人的來信”e.g.Ioftenhearfrommyfriends.2)letter作可數(shù)名詞，表示“字母”的意思e.g.Writedowntheseletters,please.6.I’msureyouknowthatthisgroupwassetuptohelpdisabledpeoplelikeme.Disabled形容詞，意為“喪失能力的，有殘疾的”，它是動詞disable（使···喪失能力）加后綴ed構(gòu)成的e.g.Weshouldhelpdisabledpeople.It’simportanttomakefunofadisabledman.7.Luckymakesabigdifferencetomylife.Makeadifferenceto意為“對···產(chǎn)生影響”，difference前面可加修飾詞，如big,great等，to是介詞，其后可接名詞、代詞或動名詞e.g.Educationcanmakeabigdifferencetothequalityofaperson’slife.Theaccidenthasmadeagreatdifferencetohislife.【拓展】Makenodifference意為“對···沒有影響”e.g.Itmakesnodifferencetome.8.Orimagineyoucan’twalkoruseyourhandseasily.Imagine動詞，意為“想象，設(shè)想”，其后接名詞、代詞、動名詞或賓語從句e.g.Canyouimaginelifeonthemoon?IcanhardlyimaginePetersailingacrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.9/Mostpeoplewouldneverthinkaboutthis,butmanypeoplehavethesedifficulities.Difficulity作名詞，意為“困難；難題”，其形容詞為difficult，意為“困難的”【拓展】1)Difficulty表示抽象意義上的“困難”時，是不可數(shù)名詞e.g.Badplanningwillleadtodifficultylater.2)havedifficultyindoingsth.表示“在做某事方面有困難”e.g.Ihadgreatdifficulty(in)doingthework.10.Openingandclosingdoors,orcarryingthingsaredifficultforme.1)open動詞，意為“打開，張開”，反義詞為closee.g.openthewindow,openyourmouthOpen與turnon辨析：Open指將原來關(guān)著的東西打開，turnon指轉(zhuǎn)動或推上開關(guān)等打開2)carry及物動詞，意為“拿，提，扛”e.g.Healwayscarriesasmallboxinhishand.Carry,bring,take的用法辨析：Carry不表示動作的方向，一般指隨身攜帶，如“扛、提、運”等e.g.Pleasecarrythebagforme.Bring指把人或物從別處帶到說話者所在的地方e.g.Bringthebooktome,please.Take指把人或物從說話者的地方帶到別處去e.g.Takemyboxtotheroom.【拓展】Open還可用作形容詞，主要用法如下：1)開著的，反義詞為closede.g.Allthedoorsareopen.2)開張的，營業(yè)的e.g.Theshopisopenfrom9amto6am.3)開放的e.g.Ourcountryisopentotheworldnow.11.Thenonedaylastyear,afriendofminehelpedmeout1)afriendofmine指“我的一位朋友”，是雙重所有格，相當(dāng)于oneofmyfriends.2)helpsb.out指“幫助某人擺脫困境；幫助某人解決難題”e.g.Helpthemoutaspossibleasyoucan.12.Iwasexcitedabouttheideaofhavingadog.1)excited形容詞，意為“興奮的，激動的”，可作表語或定語，作表語時，主語一般是表示“人”的名詞或代詞；作定語時，一般修飾表示“人”的名詞或代詞e.g.Tomwasexcitedafterhearingofthegoodnews.Theexcitedchildrenareopeningtheirpresents.Excited與exciting的用法辨析：Excited意為“興奮的，激動的”，多用于修飾人；exciting意為“使人興奮的，刺激的”，修飾物e.g.Theboywasexcitedwhenheheardtheexcitingnews.2)beexcitedabout意為“對···感到興奮、激動”e.g.Iwasexcitedaboutgoingtothezoo.13.LuckyisverycleverandunderstandsmanyEnglishwords.Understand既可作及物動詞，又可作不及物動詞，意為“理解；領(lǐng)會；明白”e.g.Doyouunderstandme?Hedoesn’tunderstandEnglish.【拓展】1）understand后可接從句：e.g.Iunderstandyou’regoingtoteachAmericanChinese.2)makeoneselfunderstood意為“讓某人了解自己的意思”e.g.Ican’tmakemyselfunderstoodinEnglish.單元練習(xí)Ⅱ.單項填空（30分）21.Ourparentsoftentellusnotaloneintheriverinsummer.A.swim B.toswim C.swimming D.swam22.Thefatheriscreativeenoughsomanynicetoysforhisdaughter.A.buying B.making C.tobuy D.tomake23.Ioftensawtheboysintheriver.A.swam B.swimming C.toswim D.swim24.Ittakesmetwohoursmyhomeworkeveryday.A.doing B.todo C.did D.does25.Theglassofwateristoohot.Wouldyoupleasegivemesomecoldwater

A.drink B.drinking C.todrink D.drunk26.It’seasytheproblem.A.forhimsolve B.forhimtosolve C.ofhimsolving D.ofhimtosolve27.isnoteasytolookafteralittlebaby.A.The B.What C.It D.How28.IhopeyounextSunday.A.see B.tosee C.sees D.seeing29.UncleTedwasveryrich.Butnowhehasnoplaceto.A.live B.liveon C.livein D.livewith30.—Couldyoupleasepassmethebook—

A.Yes,Icould. B.No,Icouldn’t. C.Sure,hereyouare. D.No,that’snoproblem.31.—Whatareyoudoing,UncleWang?—I’msortingoutoldbooksandI’lltokidsinWestChina.A.givethemup B.givethemaway C.givethemoff D.givethemin32.Wefoundnecessarytoprotectanimalsindanger.A.it B.this C.that D./33.Youshouldsmoking.It’sbadforyourhealth.A.getup B.putup C.giveup D.lookup34.Thankyouforyour,otherwiseIcouldn’tfinishmystudy.A.kind B.kindly C.kindness D.kinds35.Heisstrongfootball.A.inplay B.inplaying C.atplay D.atplayingⅢ.完形填空（10分）Oneday,Peterhadafightwithoneofhisclassmates.Thenhewenttohisgrandfatherandtoldhimhisstory36.“Heisreallybad，”theboysaid,“andI37him.”Thegrandfathersaid,“38metellyouastory.WhenIwasaboy,Itoo,sometimeshatedothersforwhattheydid.”AsPeter39carefully,thegrandfatherwenton.“Therearealwaystwotigersinsidemyheart.Oneis40andkind.Hegetsonwell41everythingaroundhim.But42isbadandunfriendly.Eventhesmallestthingwillmakehimangry.Hefightswitheveryoneallthetime,andfornoreason.Hecan’tthinkcarefully43healwayshatesothers.Itisdifficulttolivewiththesetwotigersinsidemyheart.Theybothtrytocontrol（控制）me.”Peterlookedintohisgrandfather’s44andasked,“45tigeralwayscontrolsyou,Grandfather”

Theoldmansaidslowlyandseriously,“TheonethatIfeed.Ialwaysfeedthegoodandkindtiger,soIneverhateothersandseldom（很少）getangrynow.”36.A.happily B.friendly C.hardly D.angrily37.A.love B.hate C.know D.enjoy38.A.Make B.Help C.Let D.Ask39.A.saw B.felt C.talked D.listened40.A.good B.bad C.lazy D.quiet41.A.at B.on C.with D.about42.A.other B.others C.another D.theother43.A.because B.though C.before D.but44.A.eyes B.ears C.nose D.mouth45.A.Who B.Which C.Where D.WhenⅣ.閱讀理解（20分）HaveyoueverbeentoTaiwan,thebiggestislandofChinaDoyouwanttovisitthereWe’llshowyouthebestTaiwanIsland.

Onafour-daytour.Price:Only￥5,000Including:Round-wayplaneticketsbetweenBeijingandTaiwan.BusservicearoundTaiwan.Besttourguideservice.PlacesSunandMoonLakeAbeautifullake.Asmallisland.Ononesideoftheisland,thelakelookslikethesun,ontheothersideitlookslikethemoon.ThatiswhypeoplecallthelakeSunandMoonLake.AliMountainThenearestmountainaroundSunandMoonLake.AniceexperiencetohaveapartywithGaoshanpeople.Awonderfulplacetoseeaverybeautifulsunrise.PengLakeAgreatplaceforswimming,fishing,boatingandeatingdeliciousfruitandfreshfish.GaoXiongAfulldaytogoshopping.BooknowOfficehourMonday—Friday:9:00am—7:00pm;Saturday:9:00am—4:00pmTel:6459-9561SoldoutthismonthBookbyphonenowfornextmonth.46.WhichisthebiggestislandofChina?A.TaiwanIsland. B.HainanIsland.C.DiaoyuIsland. D.HuangyanIsland.47.IfyougoonatripinTaiwan,wherecanyouseethebeautifulsunrise?A.OnSunandMoonLake. B.OnAliMountain.C.OnPengLake. D.InGaoXiong.48.Thewriterofthispassagewantsto.A.havemorepeopletojointhetour B.tellyousomethingaboutTaiwanC.askpeoplenottotroublethemonSunday D.describehowbeautifulTaiwanis49.IfyouwanttovisitTaiwanthismonth,youhaveto.A.visittheirofficeonSaturday B.phonethenumber6459-9561C.turntosomeothertravelagencies D.paymoretocoverthesametour50.Ifyouareaskedtoaddasentenceontopofthispieceofwriting,whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostproper?A.TaiwanisPartofChina B.TaketheTimetoLearninYourHolidayC.TheBiggestIslandofChina D.ComeandJoinUsforYourHolidayⅤ.根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子（10分）51.Theyare（募捐）forthestudentsinLushanearthquake.52.He（志愿幫助）oldpeopleatanOldPeopleHouse.53.To（使我們高興的是），wefoundtheownerofthelostdog.54.The（感覺）ofhelpingothersmakesme（覺得）happy.55.They（有困難）climbingthemountain.Ⅵ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換（10分）56.Shecouldplaythepianowhenshewasfiveyearsold.（改為同義句）Shecouldplaythepianofive.57.IwouldliketobeananimaldoctorwhenIgrowup.（改為同義句）IananimaldoctorwhenIgrowup.58.could，you ，the，kids，ask，let，you，hospital，visit，them，cheer，and，up，to，the（連詞成句）59.Shedecidedthatshewouldgiveawayheroldbookstoothers.（改為簡單句）Shedecidedheroldbookstoothers.60.Todosportsisimportantforus.（改為同義句）Itforussports.Ⅶ.書面表達（20分）動物是人類的好朋友，沒有動物，人類也不能生存，但現(xiàn)在很多動物瀕臨滅絕，請你就如何幫助動物提出建議。要求：1.內(nèi)容包含動物面臨的狀況和建議；2.書寫認真，70詞左右。Ⅱ.21.B tellsb.(not)todosth.，意為“告訴某人（不）做某事”。故選B。22.D 本題考查enoughtodo結(jié)構(gòu)的應(yīng)用。根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)排除A、B兩項；根據(jù)句中creative“有創(chuàng)意的”可知，此處為制造玩具，故選D。23.D seesb.dosth.意為“看到某人做某事”，seesb.doingsth.意為“看到某人正在做某事”。根據(jù)句意“我經(jīng)常看到男孩們在河中游泳”可知，應(yīng)用seesb.dosth.結(jié)構(gòu)。答案選D。24.B Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.意為“花費某人一段時間做某事”。25.C 動詞不定式作后置定語，“somecoldwatertodrink”意為“一些喝的冷水”。26.B “It’s+adj.+for/ofsb.todosth.”是固定句型，根據(jù)該結(jié)構(gòu)可排除A、C兩項。當(dāng)形容詞是表示品格的形容詞時，用of結(jié)構(gòu)；當(dāng)形容詞是表示事物性質(zhì)的形容詞時，用for結(jié)構(gòu)。easy是表示事物性質(zhì)的形容詞，故選B。27.C it作形式主語，其后動詞不定式作真正的主語。28.B hope之后接動詞不定式作賓語。29.C 動詞不定式作定語時，若該動詞是不及物動詞，其后的介詞不能省略。因為句中的place是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語，相當(dāng)于“l(fā)iveintheplace”，故選C。30.C Couldyouplease...

是表示委婉請求，其肯定答語是Sure/Certainly...，故選C。

31.B giveup放棄；giveaway捐贈；giveoff發(fā)出（光等）；givein屈服、投降。根據(jù)前半句句意“我正在把舊書分類”可知，此處是“我將把它們捐給中國西部的孩子們”。故giveaway符合句意。32.A “find+it+adj.+todosth.”為固定用法,該空格處是動詞不定式的形式賓語。作