全國英語等級考試五級(PETS5)歷年真題七

全國英語等級考試五級(PETS5)歷年真題七材料題（江南博哥）根據(jù)以下材料，回答1-1題Between1852,when(31)________wasfirstestablishedthatMountEverestwasthehighestmountainonearth,and1953,whenEdmundHillary,andTenzingNorgayfinallyreachedthepeak'ssummit,itwaseverymountaineer'sdreamtobecomethefirstpersonstandingontheworld's(32)______point.AndGeorgeMallorywasoneofthemosttenaciousearlycontenders.Mallorywasintroduced(33)_________rockclimbingwhilestudyingatWinchesterCollege.(34)________completedhisstudies,hesettledintoacareer(35)________ateacheratCharterhouseSchool,andcontinuedtopursuehispassion(36)_________climbinginhissparetime.Mallory's(37)_________triptoEverestwasareconnaissancemissionin1921(38)_______aimedtoproducethefirstaccuratemapsoftheregion.Two(39__________visitstothemountainfollowed.Then,on8June1924.(40)________histhirdattempttoreachthesummit,Malloryandhispartner,AndrewIrvine,disappeared.Severalexpeditionssubsequentlyattemptedtofindthepair,andMallory's(41)________wasfinallydiscoveredinMay,1999,at8,169metres,600metres(42)________thesummit,(43)_________withvariousitemsofequipment,includinghandwrittenletterstohiswife,apocketknife,anoxygenbottleandhisgoggles,(44)________werelaterdonatedtotheRoyalGeographicalSociety(45)________Mallory'sfamily.Thereisstillconsiderabledebateasto(46)________MalloryreachedEverest'ssummit.The(47)___________thathisgoggleswerefoundinhispockethasledsometosuggestthathewasonhiswaydownthemountain(48)________hefell.Hadhebeenascendingindaylight,hewouldhavebeenwearingthegogglesto(49)_______snow-blindness,andgivenwhatisknownofthepair'sclimbingschedule,ifitwere(50)_______whentheyfell,theymusthavebeenontheirwaybackdown.1

[填空題]

參考解析：it

【精析】本句意為“人們開始認識到珠穆朗瑪峰是地球上最高的山峰?！贝丝账顔卧~應(yīng)是作為形式主語的“it”，指代“that

Mount

Everest

was

the

highest

mountain

on

earth”。參考譯文1852年，人們首次認識到珠穆朗瑪峰是地球上最高的山峰。l953年，埃德蒙·希拉里和丹增·諾爾蓋最終到達了它的峰項。在此期間，珠穆朗瑪峰成為了每一個登山家的夢想，他們都想成為第一個站在世界的最高峰的人。喬治·馬洛里就是最頑強的一位早期參與者。在溫徹斯特學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)期間，馬洛里開始接觸攀登。學(xué)業(yè)完成后，他在切特豪斯學(xué)校謀到了一份教師職位，并在業(yè)余時間繼續(xù)追求他的攀登夢想。1921年，馬洛里首次攀登珠峰，這是一次偵察性嘗試，目的是繪制出該地區(qū)的第一張精確地圖。之后，馬洛里又嘗試了兩次。接著，l924年6月8日，他第三次嘗試登頂，但是他和安德魯·歐文(馬洛里的登山伙伴)一起消失了。之后，人們進行了數(shù)次搜救，試圖找到他們倆。1999年5月，人們終于在8169米處，即距山頂600米的地方，發(fā)現(xiàn)馬洛里的尸體和他們的各種設(shè)備，還包括他寫給妻子的信，一把小刀，一個氧氣瓶和護目鏡。后來，這些物品由馬洛里的家人捐獻給了皇家地理學(xué)會。馬洛里是否到達了珠穆朗瑪峰的頂峰，仍然有很大的爭議。他的護目鏡是裝在口袋里的，這一點使一些人認為，他是在下山的途中跌倒的。如果他是在白天登頂?shù)脑?，他會一直戴著護目鏡以防止出現(xiàn)雪盲。另外，根據(jù)對他們登山計劃的了解，如果他們是在晚上跌倒的，那么一定是在下山的途中。2

[填空題]參考解析：highest

【精析】本句意為“珠穆朗瑪峰成為了每一個登山家的夢想，他們都想成為站在上面的第一人?！庇缮衔目芍爸槟吕尸敺迨堑厍蛏献罡叩纳椒濉?，所以此空應(yīng)填“highest”。3

[填空題]參考解析：to

【精析】本句意為“馬洛里開始接觸攀登”。“introduce

sth．to

sb．”是固定短語，意為“向某人介紹某物”，所以此空應(yīng)填“to”。4

[填空題]參考解析：Having

【精析】本句意為“完成學(xué)業(yè)后，馬洛里在切特豪斯學(xué)校謀到了一份教師職業(yè)…”。根據(jù)語法分析，前一部分是分詞短語充當(dāng)時間狀語。由于“have

completed”與邏輯主語“he”之間是主動關(guān)系，所以此空應(yīng)填“Having”。5

[填空題]參考解析：as

【精析】本句意為“他謀到了一份教師職業(yè)…”?！癮

career”和“a

teacher”之間是解釋說明的關(guān)系，所以此空應(yīng)填“as”。6

[填空題]參考解析：for

【精析】本句意為“…并在業(yè)余時間繼續(xù)追求他攀登的夢想”?！皃assion

for…”是固定短語，意為“對…的強烈愛好”，所以此空應(yīng)填“for”。7

[填空題]參考解析：first

【精析】本句意為“1921年，馬洛里首次攀登珠峰”，所以此空應(yīng)填“first”。8

[填空題]參考解析：that／which

【精析】本句意為“這是一次偵察性嘗試，目的是繪制出該地區(qū)的第一張精確地圖?！备鶕?jù)前后句的意思，可知：“aimed

to

produce

the

first

accurate

maps

of

the

region．”是修飾“a

reconnaissance

mission”的定語從句。此空所填詞語應(yīng)是定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞“that”。另外，此空也可以填“which”。9

[填空題]參考解析：more

【精析】本句意為“之后，馬洛里又嘗試了兩次?！薄皵?shù)詞+more”表示“又／再…”，所以此空應(yīng)填“more”。10

[填空題]參考解析：during

【精析】本句意為“在他第三次嘗試登頂…”，此空應(yīng)填“during”，強調(diào)動作的連續(xù)性，表示“整個過程中”。11

[填空題]參考解析：body

【精析】本句意為“1999年5月，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)馬洛里的尸體…”，所以此空應(yīng)填“body”。12

[填空題]參考解析：from

【精析】本句意為“距山頂600米的地方”，所以此空應(yīng)填“from”。13

[填空題]參考解析：along

【精析】本句意為“和他們的各種設(shè)備，包括…”?！癮long

with”是固定短語，所以此空應(yīng)填“along”。14

[填空題]參考解析：which

【精析】本句意為“…信件，一把小刀，一個氧氣瓶和他的護目鏡，這些物品后來由馬洛里的家人捐獻給了皇家地理學(xué)會?！备鶕?jù)上下文語意，“were

later

donated

to

the

Royal

Geographical

Society…”是非限制性定語從句，所以此空應(yīng)填“which”。15

[填空題]參考解析：by

【精析】本句翻譯見44題。此空所填詞語是表示動作“donated”的發(fā)出者“Mallory’s

family”，根據(jù)被動結(jié)構(gòu)此空應(yīng)填“by”。16

[填空題]參考解析：whether

【精析】本句意為“馬洛里是否到達珠穆朗瑪峰的頂峰，仍然有很大的爭議?！睜幾h說明問題具有不確定性，所以此空應(yīng)填“whether”。17

[填空題]參考解析：fact

【精析】本句意為“…這一點使得一些人認為，他是在下山的途中跌倒的。”根據(jù)上下文語意，“…that

his

goggles

were

found

in

his

pocket

has

led

some

to

suggest

that…”是同位語從句，此空應(yīng)填同位語從句的先

行詞“fact”。18

[填空題]參考解析：when

【精析】本句意為“他是在下山的途中跌倒的。”所填的詞語和“he

fell”應(yīng)構(gòu)成時間狀語從句，所以此空應(yīng)填“when”。19

[填空題]參考解析：avoid

【精析】本句意為“他會一直戴著護目鏡以防止出現(xiàn)雪盲?！备鶕?jù)句意，此空應(yīng)填“avoid”。20

[填空題]參考解析：night【精析】本句意為“如果他們是在晚上跌倒的，那么一定是在下山的途中?！备鶕?jù)語法分析，所填詞語應(yīng)是前文的賓語，又是后接句子的修飾對象。根據(jù)上下文意思，應(yīng)填“night”。材料題根據(jù)以下材料，回答21-21題Text1OfficialsinTampaFlorida.gotasurpriserecentlywhenalocalfirmbuildingthestate'sfirstethanol*-productionfactoryputinarequestfor400,000gallonsadayofcitywater.TherequestbyUSEnvirofuelswouldmakethefacilityoneofthecity'stoptenwaterconsumersovernight,andthecompanyplanstodoubleitssize.Floridaissufferingfromaprolongeddrought.Riversandlakesareatrecordlowsandresidentswonderwheretheextrawaterwillcomefrom.Theyarenotalone.Abacklashagainstthefederallyfinancedbiofuelsboomisgrowingaroundthecountry,and"watercouldbetheAchillesheel"ofethanol,saidareportbytheMinneapolis-basedInstitutefor.AgricultureandTradePolicy.Thenumberofethanolfactorieshasalmosttripledinthepasteightyearsfrom50toabout140.Afurther60orsoareunderconstruction.In2007,PresidentGeorgeBushsignedlegislationrequiringafivefoldincreaseinbiofuelsproduction,to36billiongallonsby2022.Thisiscontroversialforseveralreasons.Therearedoubtsabouthowgreenethanolreallyis(somesaytheproductionprocessusesalmostasmuchenergyasitproduces).Somearguethatusingfarmlandforethanolpushesupfoodpricesinternationally(worldwheatpricesrose25%recently,perhapsasaside-effectofAmerica'sethanolprogramme).Butoneoftheleast-knownbutbiggestworriesisethanol'sextravagantuseofwater.Atypicalethanolfactoryproducing50mgallonsofbiofuelsayearneedsabout500gallonsofwateraminute.Mostofthatgoesintotheboilingandcoolingprocess,whichissimilartomakingbeer.Somewaterislostthroughevaporationinthecoolingtowerandinwastedischarge.Allthisisputtingaheavyburdenonaquifersinsomecorn-growingareas.ResidentswenttocourtinMissouritohalta$165mfacilitybeingbuiltbyGulfstreamBioflexEnergyLLCwhichwasprojectedtodraw1.3mgallonsofwatereverydayfromtheOzarkaquifer.ProjectsarebeingchallengedinMinnesota,Iowa,Nebraska,KansasandincentralIllinois,whereeightethanolfacilitiesaresituatedovertheMahometaquifer:DemandforcornissuchthatmorelandisalsobeingploughedupindrierregionsoftheGreatPlainsstatestothewestofthecornbelt,whereirrigationisrequired,increasingwaterdemandfurther.Thegoodnewsisthatethanolplantsarebecomingmoreefficient.Theynowuseabouthalfasmuchwaterpergallonofethanolastheydidadecadeago.Newtechnologymightbeabletohalvetheamountofwateragain,saysMikeFatigati,vicepresidentofDelta-TCorp,aVirginiacompanywhichhasdesignedasystemthatdoesnotdischargeanywastewater.Butothersaresceptical."Therearethingsyoucancloseloop(i.e.recycleefficiently)andthingsyoucan't,"saysPaulGreene,aseniordirectorforbiofuelswithSiemensWaterTechnologies,designersofthewater-purificationtechnologyusedinethanolfactories.Perhapsethanoljustisn'tasbio-friendlyasitlooks.*ethanol=alcoholfuel21

[單選題]

USEnvirofuels

A.

is

a

local

company

which

plans

to

double

its

size.B.

is

one

of

Tampa's

top

ten

water

consumers.C.

is

responsible

for

Tampa's

water

shortage.D.

is

going

to

become

the

largest

fuel

supplier

in

Tampa.正確答案：A參考解析：A【精析】細節(jié)題。題目問的是“美國環(huán)境能源公司

?”。由文章第一段第二句“…and

the

company

plans

to

double

its

size．”可知：該公司計劃將其產(chǎn)能規(guī)模翻倍，這與A項內(nèi)容相符。由第一段第一、二句“…put

in

a

request

for

400，000

9allons

a

day

of

city

water．The

request

by

US

Envirofuels

would

make

the

facility

one

of

the

city’s

top

ten

water

consumers

overnight…”可知：該廠家只是提出用水要求，尚未成為十大用水大戶之一，這與B項內(nèi)容不符。此外，由第一段第三句“Florida

is

suffering

from

a

prolonged

drought．”可知：坦帕市缺水與氣候有關(guān)，這與C項內(nèi)容不符。由第一段第一句“…when

a

local

firm

building

the

state’s

first

ethanol—

production

factory…”可知：該公司是該州的首個乙醇燃料生產(chǎn)廠，并非最大的能源供應(yīng)商，這與D項內(nèi)容不符。故選A。參考譯文佛羅里迭州坦帕市的官員們最近不大不小吃了一驚：一家當(dāng)?shù)仄髽I(yè)要求該市每天向他們供水四十萬加侖。這家企業(yè)正在興建佛羅里達州第一家乙醇燃料工廠。美國“環(huán)境能源公司”所提出的用水要求將使其一夜間成為當(dāng)?shù)厥笥盟髴糁唬?，該公司計劃將其產(chǎn)能規(guī)模翻倍。佛羅里達州正經(jīng)歷史上最長時間的干旱期。河流和湖泊的蓄水量都處于歷史最低點，居民們不知道那些超出的用水量該如何解決。坦帕市的情況并不是唯一案例。針對各地的聯(lián)邦政府所資助的生物燃料熱潮，全國各地反對之聲不斷。位于明尼阿波利斯的農(nóng)業(yè)與貿(mào)易政策中心的報告說：水可能是乙醇燃料的“阿喀琉斯之踵”。在過去8年間，乙醇燃料工廠的數(shù)量幾乎增加到了三倍，由50家增至約l40家。還有60家左右正在興建中。2007年，布什總統(tǒng)簽署法案，要求生物燃料的生產(chǎn)再增加五倍，到2022年要達到360億加侖。這一點是有爭議的，原因有好幾個方面。對于乙醇燃料能否算作綠色能源，人們?nèi)孕拇嬉蓱](有人說乙醇所產(chǎn)生的能量和其生產(chǎn)過程中所消耗的能量幾乎一樣多)。也有一些人認為，利用農(nóng)田作物來提煉乙醇會推高全球食品的價格。(最近，小麥價格就上漲了25％，這也許是美國乙醇燃料計劃所帶來的負面效應(yīng))。但其中一個人們最不了解的，也是最大的擔(dān)憂就是乙醇生產(chǎn)所需要的大量用水。一個每年生產(chǎn)5千萬加侖生物燃料的典型性乙醇工廠每分鐘需要約500加侖的水。大部分的水被用于蒸餾和冷卻，這一過程與啤酒制造相仿。冷卻塔的蒸發(fā)和廢水排放也會損失一部分水。所有這一切都會給谷物種植區(qū)帶來沉重的用水負擔(dān)。密蘇里州的居民已經(jīng)通過法庭，要求停止灣流生物能源公司正在興建的價值l．65億美元的工程。據(jù)估計，該廠每天會從奧索卡含水層抽取130萬加侖的水。此類項目在明尼蘇達州，愛荷華州，內(nèi)布拉斯加州，堪薩斯州和伊利諾伊州中部都遭到了反對。這些地區(qū)共有8家乙醇企業(yè)坐落于穆罕默德含水層之上。生產(chǎn)乙醇擴大了對玉米的需求，這就要在從“大平原州”到玉米種植帶以西的干旱區(qū)域內(nèi)開墾出更多的土地，其灌溉也進一步增加了用水需求。有一個好消息是，乙醇工廠正在提高效能?，F(xiàn)在，他們生產(chǎn)每加侖乙醇所用的水是十年前的一半左右。邁克·法提蓋提談到：新技術(shù)還可能會再減少一半的用水量。邁克是一位位于弗吉尼亞州的Delta—T公司的副總裁。該公司還設(shè)計了一個不排放任何廢水的系統(tǒng)。但也有人對此表示懷疑。西門子水源科技公司是乙醇工廠所采用的水凈化技術(shù)的設(shè)計者，該公司資深生物燃料專員鮑爾·格林就說：有的問題好處理(如有效地循環(huán)使用)，有的不行?；蛟S乙醇并不像看起來的那樣環(huán)保。22

[單選題]

Whatdoestheword"backlash"(line1,para.2)mean?A.

A

quick

backward

movement.

B.

A

strong

backup

action.C.

A

powerful

counterattack.

D.

A

strong

negative

reaction.正確答案：C參考解析：C

【精析】釋義題。題目問的是“‘backlash’是什么意思?”?！癰ack—lash”表示“對某事激烈的、訴諸暴力的反應(yīng)”，這與C項內(nèi)容相符。此外，第二段第二句中“A

backlash

against

the

federally

financed

biofuels

boom

is

growing

around

the

country，…”的“against”也是解題的關(guān)鍵字眼。故選C。23

[單選題]

Whathavemostpeoplefailedtorealizeaboutbiofuels?A.

The

huge

consumption

of

wheat.

B.

The

huge

consumption

of

water.C.

The

amount

of

waste

discharged.

D.

The

amount

of

energy

consumed.正確答案：B參考解析：B【精析】細節(jié)題。題目問的是“大多數(shù)人不了解生物燃料的什么方面?”。由文章第四段最后一句“But

one

of

the

least—known

but

biggest

worries

is

ethanol’s

extravagant

use

of

water．”可知：人們沒有意識到生產(chǎn)乙醇燃料的用水量，這與B項內(nèi)容相符。故選B。24

[單選題]

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.A

biofuel

factory

in

Missouri

was

demanded

to

reduce

its

water

use.B.

A

big

biofuel

factory

is

under

construction

in

Missouri.C.

The

ethanol

plants

face

the

challenge

of

farmland

shortage.D.

The

ethanol

plants

are

challenged

to

move

to

other

regions.正確答案：B參考解析：B【精析】細節(jié)題。題目問的是“下面哪一句說法是正確的?”。由文章第六段第一句“Residents

went

to

court

in

Missouri

to

halt

a

$165m

facility

being

built…”可知：密蘇里州的居民已經(jīng)走上法庭，要求停止項目的建設(shè)，這與A項內(nèi)容相悖。另外，由該段第二句“Projects

are

being

challenged

in…”可知：項目在這幾個區(qū)域都遭到了反對，這與D項內(nèi)容不符。C項在文章沒有提及。故選

B。25

[單選題]

Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsbiofuels?A.

Optimistic.

B.

Neutral.

C.

Encouraging.

D.

Doubtful.正確答案：D參考解析：D【精析】態(tài)度題。題目問的是“作者對生物燃料的態(tài)度是怎樣的?”。由文章最后一句話“Perhaps

ethanol

just

isn’t

as

bi0．friendly

as

it

looks．”可知：作者認為或許乙醇并不像看起來那樣環(huán)保。其中“Perhaps,’較明確地反應(yīng)了作者的態(tài)度。另外，通篇都在講生產(chǎn)乙醇燃料耗費大量的水和能源。由此，可以判斷作者對生物燃料的態(tài)度是懷疑。故選D。材料題根據(jù)以下材料，回答26-26題Text2Inpopulardiscussionsofemissions-rightstradingsystems,itiscommontomistakethesmokestacksforthetrees.Forexample,thewealthyoilenclaveofAbuDhabibragsthatithasplantedmorethan130milliontrees--eachofwhichdoesitsdutyinabsorbingcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere.However,thisartificialforestinthedesertalsoconsumeshugequantitiesofirrigationwaterproduced,orrecycled,fromexpensivedesalinationplants.Thetreesmayallowitsleaderstowearahaloatinternationalmeetings,buttherodefactisthattheyareanenergy-intensivebeautystrip,likemostofso-calledgreencapitalism.And,whilewe'reatit,let'sjustask:Whatifthebuyingandsellingofcarboncreditsandpollutionoffsetsfailstoreduceglobalwarming?Whatexactlywillmotivategovernmentsandglobalindustriesthentojoinhandsinacrusadetoreduceemissionsthroughregulationandtaxation?Kyoto-typeclimatediplomacyassumesthatallthemajoractorswillrecognizeanoverridingcommoninterestingainingharnessovertherunawaygreenhouseeffect.ButglobalwarmingisnotWaroftheWorlds,whereinvadingMartiansarededicatedtoannihilatingallofhumanitywithoutdistinction.Climatechange,instead,willinitiallyproducedramaticallyunequalimpactsacrossregionsandsocialclasses.Itwillreinforce,notdiminish,geopoliticalinequalityandconflict.AstheUNDPemphasizedinitsreportlastyear,globalwarmingisaboveallathreattothepoorandtheunborn,the"twopartieswithlittleornopoliticalvoice".Coordinatedglobalactionontheirbehalfthuspresupposeseithertheirrevolutionaryempowermentorthetransformationoftheself-interestofrichcountriesandclassesintoanenlightened"solidarity"withoutprecedentinhistory.Fromarationalperspective,thelatteroutcomeonlyseemsrealisticifitcanbeshownthatprivilegedgroupspossessnopreferential"exit"option,thatinternationalistpublicopiniondrivespolicymakinginkeycountries,andthatgreenhousegasreductioncouldbeachievedwithoutmajorsacrificesinupscaleNorthernHemisphericstandardsofliving--noneofwhichseemshighlylikely.Andwhatifgrowingenvironmentalandsocialturbulence,insteadofstimulatingheroicinnovationandinternationalcooperation,simplydriveselitepublicsintoevenmorefrenziedattemptstoallthemselvesofffromtherestofhumanity?Globalintervention,inthisunexploredbutnotimprobablescenario,wouldbesilentlyabandoned(as,tosomeextent,italreadyhasbeen)infavorofacceleratedinvestmentinselectiveadaptationforEarth'sfirst-classpassengers.We'retalkinghereoftheprospectofcreatinggreenandgatedoasesofpermanentaffluenceonanotherwisestrickenplanet.Ofcourse,therewillstillbetreaties,carboncredits,faminerelief,humanitarianacrobatics,andperhaps,thefull-scaleconversionofsomeEuropeancitiesandsmallcountriestoalternativeenergy.Buttheshifttolow-,orzero-emissionlifestyleswouldbealmostunimaginablyexpensive.Andthiswillcertainlybecomeevenmoreunimaginableafterperhaps2030,whenthecombinedimpactsofclimatechange,peakoil,peakwater,andanadditional1.5billionpeopleontheplanetmaybegintoseriouslythreatengrowth.26

[單選題]

TheauthorgivestheexampleofAbuDhabiinordertoillustratethat

A.artificial

forests

can

be

a

solution

to

environmental

problems.B.

what

Abu

Dhabi

has

done

has

won

international

recognition.C.planting

trees

in

huge-numbers

is

harmful

to

desert

environment.D.

environmentally-friendly

attempts

may

damage

the

environment.正確答案：D參考解析：D【精析】推斷題。題目問的是“作者舉Abu

Dhabi的例子的目的是什么?”。在文章第一段第二句“．．．the

wealthy

oil

enclave

of

Abu

Dhabi

brags

that

it

has

planted

more

than

l30

million

trees…”中作者提出了Abu

Dhabi的例子，其目的應(yīng)該就在第一段中。由第一段第三句“However，this

artificial

forest

in

the

desert

also

consumes

huge

quantifies

of

irrigation

water

produced，or

recycled，from

expensive

desalination

plants．”可知：這種在沙漠中的人工造林消耗了大量的灌溉用水。再由第一段第四句“…but

the

rude

fact

is

that

they

ale

an

energy—intensive

beauty

strip，like

most

of

S0—called

green

capitalism．”可知：事實的真相是，這些樹是一個能源密集的

“光帶”，正如大多數(shù)所謂的綠色資本主義。由此可以推斷作者對

Abu

Dhabi的做法是不贊同的，即沙漠的人工造林不一定對環(huán)境有好處，這與D項內(nèi)容相符。故選D。參考譯文當(dāng)前，關(guān)于排放權(quán)交易系統(tǒng)的討論中，常見的問題是混淆了“煙囪”和“樹木”的概念。例如，阿布扎比的石油富人聚集區(qū)吹噓他們已經(jīng)種植了1．3億多棵樹。每棵樹都各司其責(zé)，從大氣中吸收二氧化碳。然而，這種在沙漠中的人工造林消耗了大量的灌溉用水。這些水是由海水淡化廠所生產(chǎn)或循環(huán)回收的，其成本很高。這些樹可以使該國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在國際會議上頭戴光環(huán)，但事實的真相是，這些樹卻是一個能源密集的“光帶”，如同大多數(shù)所謂的綠色資本主義。當(dāng)我們身臨其境，不禁要問：為什么碳值的交易和污染補償不能緩解全球變暖?究竟什么能激勵各國政府和全球產(chǎn)業(yè)攜手通過稅收調(diào)節(jié)及減少排放解決排放問題?“京都”氣候外交政策要求所有的參與國都認識到在控制即將失控的溫室效應(yīng)方面存在著一個壓倒一切的共同利益。但是，全球變暖并不是世界大戰(zhàn)——火星人入侵，不加區(qū)分的消滅人類。相反，氣候變化從一開始。就導(dǎo)致了不同區(qū)域和不同社會階層的不平等。它非但不會削弱反而會加強地緣政治的不平等和沖突。正如聯(lián)合國開發(fā)計劃署去年在其報告中所強調(diào)的，全球變暖對于窮人和未出生的人來說是頭號威脅，因為這兩個群體很少或根本沒有政治發(fā)言權(quán)。代表他們的全球協(xié)調(diào)行動要求要么授予其權(quán)力，要么將富裕國家和富裕階層的自身利益轉(zhuǎn)變成史無先例的一致與團結(jié)。從理性的角度來看，如果可以證明特權(quán)集團沒有擁有任何“出局”的優(yōu)先權(quán)，后者看起來是現(xiàn)實的。國際主義的共識影響著關(guān)鍵國家的政策制定，在不降低北半球國家生活水平的前提下減少溫室氣體的排放——這兩者似乎都不可行。如果環(huán)境和社會越來越動蕩，勇敢的創(chuàng)新和國際合作沒有被激發(fā)，那么，僅是驅(qū)使精英集團，使之更加瘋狂的將自身與其他人類隔離開來，這樣的后果會怎樣呢?全球干預(yù)——一種未曾開發(fā)，但不是不可能的情況——會被悄悄地放棄(因為，在一定程度上，它已經(jīng)被放棄了)。這種做法會加速對“地球頭等艙乘客”的選擇性投資。這里，我們談?wù)摰那熬笆窃谝粋€原本貧困的星球上創(chuàng)造永久富足的綠洲。當(dāng)然，仍會有一些條約限制，如碳信用度，饑荒救濟，人道主義救援，或許，一些歐洲城市和小國全面轉(zhuǎn)用替代能源。但要想達到低排放或零排放的生活方式，我們必將付出難以想象的代價。這也許在2030年后會變得更加難以實現(xiàn)，因為那時全球氣候變化，石油峰值，水峰值和新增的15億人口所產(chǎn)生的綜合效應(yīng)會嚴重威脅發(fā)展與增長。27

[單選題]

Whatdoestheword"runaway"(line2,para.2)mean?A.

Uncontrolled.

B.

Unpredicted.

C.Immeasurable.

D.

Growing.正確答案：A參考解析：A【精析】釋義題。題目問的是“‘runaway’是什么意思?”。“runaway”表示“失控的，逃跑的”這與A項內(nèi)容相符。此外，第二段第一句“…all

the

major

actors

will

recognize

all

overriding

common

interest

in

gaining

harness

over

the

runaway

greenhouse

effect．”中的“harness”表示“馬套，控制，利用”，這也可以提示本題的答案。故選A。28

[單選題]

WhatisNOTafundamentalconcernfortheconcertedactionofrichcountries?A.

The

spirit

of

worldwide

coordination

should

play

a

part

in

decision-making.

B.

The

disadvantaged

interest

groups

should

be

taken

into

consideration.C.

Countries

and

regions

should

be

treated

indiscriminately.D.

No

countries

should

suffer

any

change

in

terms

of

life

quality.正確答案：A參考解析：A【精析】推斷題。題目問的是“為了使發(fā)達國家聯(lián)合行動，哪一項不是根本的考慮?”。由文章第三段第一句“…global

warming

is

above

all

a

threat

to

the

poor

and

the

unborn，the

two

parties

with

little

or

no

political

voice．…可知：全球變暖對于窮人和未出生的人來說是頭號威脅，這兩個群體很少或根本沒有政治發(fā)言權(quán)，而且第二句提到了“revolutionary

empowerment”，由此可以推斷聯(lián)合行動需要考慮這兩個弱勢群體，這與B項內(nèi)容相符。再由第三段第三句“…if

it

can

be

shown

that

privileged

groups

possess

no

preferential

‘exit’

option…and

that

greenhouse

gas

reduction

could

be

achieved

without

major

sacrifices

in

upscale

Northern

Hemispheric

standards

of

livin9…”可知：聯(lián)合行動需要消除某些國家的特權(quán)，而且不能影響到生活水平，這與C和D項內(nèi)容相符。A項文中沒有提及。故選A。29

[單選題]

Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.

International

cooperation

can

help

curb

environmental

and

social

crisis.B.

Innovation

and

cooperation

in

environmental

issues

are

unlikely

to

happen.C.

Rich

countries

will

possibly

seclude

themselves

from

the

rest

of

the

world.D.

Investment

in

environmental

conservation

will

largely

increase

in

selected

areas.正確答案：C參考解析：C【精析】推斷題。題目問的是“根據(jù)作者，下面哪一句說法是正確的?”。由文章第四段第一句“And

what

if

growing

environmental

and

social

turbulence，instead

of

stimulating

heroic

innovation

and

international

cooperation，simply

drives

elite

publics

into

even

more

frenzied

attempts

to

wall

themselves

off

from

the

rest

of

humanity?”

可知：革新與合作有利于環(huán)境保護，這與A和B項內(nèi)容相悖。此外，通過該句還可知：“elite

publics”有可能進一步將其與其他人類社會隔離，這與C項內(nèi)容相符。再由第四段第二句“Global

intervention，．．．would

be

silently

abandoned

in

favor

of

accelerated

investment

in

selective

adaptation

for

Earth’s

first—class

passengers．”可知：如果不提倡國際干預(yù)，投資就會加速流向發(fā)達國家，這與D項內(nèi)容不符。故選C。30

[單選題]

Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheshifttolow-emissionlifestyles?A.

Doubtful.

B.

Supportive.

C.

Ambiguous.

D.Encouraging.正確答案：A參考解析：A【精析】態(tài)度題。題目問的是“作者對轉(zhuǎn)向‘低排放’的生活方式持什么態(tài)度?”。由文章最后一段第二、三句“…the

shift

to

low-，

or

zer0—emission

lifestyles

would

be

almost

unimaginably

expensive．And

this

will

certainly

become

even

more

unimaginable

after

perhaps

2030…”可知：這種轉(zhuǎn)變代價很高，而且在2030年后可能會變的更難。由此可以推斷作者對轉(zhuǎn)向“低排放”的生活方式持懷疑態(tài)度。故選A。材料題根據(jù)以下材料，回答31-31題Text3FewwritersareasreveredasJaneAusten.AccordingtoapollinMarch,PrideandPreju-dice-aromancewithoutasinglekiss--isthebookBritonslovemost.Austenadaptationsabound:theBBCisfilminganewversionofSenseandSensibilitywrittenbyAndrewDavies,whose1995PrideandPrejudicewasaglobalsuccess,andITVhasjustshownthreeofherotherfivenovels,ButJaneites,astheauthor'smostaviddevoteesstylethemselves,havefewrelicstoworship.Mostofherletterswereburnedonherdeath,andasinglesketchbyhersister,Cassandra,showingherpurse-lippedandinhernight-cap,istheonlygenerallyacknowledgedimageofherface.Thatpicture,nowhangingintheNationalPortraitGalleryinLondon,depictsawomansoplainthatitisoftenreworkedforbookcovers.ThatisperhapswhytherehasbeensomuchinterestinaportraitbyOziasHumphrey,aminorsocietyartistofthe18thcentury,whichwasauctionedinNewYorkonApril19thbyChristie's.Accordingtoitsowner,HenryRice,asixth-generationdescendantofMissAusten'sbrotherEdward.itshowsJaneatabout14.andwascommissionedbyagreat-uncletohelphermarriageprospects.NoteveryoneisconvincedthatthepictureisinfactofMissAusten.TheNationalPortraitGalleryhasrepeatedlydeclinedtopurchaseit.citingsupposedanachronismsinthesubject'scostumeandataxstamponthecanvas.Itspre-auctionvaluationreflectedthisuncertainty:although$400.000-800,000isfarmorethananyofMr.Humphrey'sworkshasachievedbeforenow.abuyerwhobelievedhewaslookingatMissAustenwouldsurelybepreparedtopaymore.ThedoubtsexpressedinLondonareonereasonwhytheportraitwassoldinNewYork.AnotheristhatAmericansareaskeenonMissAustenasBritonsare.TheBBC'sPrideandPrejudicewasco-producedbyA&E,anAmericancablechannel,andanothersuchchannel,HBO.co-fi-nancedITV'sadaptations.VersionsofherbooksforthebigscreenhavereliedonAmericancashandnotafewAmericanactors.Attheheartofeachofthenovelsisaheroineandamarriage.Butunlikeherheroines,MissAustenremainedsingle,andsomewonderwhetherthatsour-facedsketchbyhersistertellsuswhy.BecomingJane,arecentHollywoodproduction,presentsadifferent,highlyspeculative,explanation:abeautifulgirlhasherheartbrokenbyaflightyIrishmanandturnstowritingforsolace.MissAustenherselfratedherheroines'otherattributesmorehighlythantheirlooks,onwhichsherarelyspendsmorethanafewunspecificwords.Therestaredevotedtowhatthesewomenthinkandsay,whichisalsowhatmattersmostaboutJaneAusten.31

[單選題]

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.Britons

do

not

enjoy

stories

with

lots

of

romantic

details.B.Davies

wrote

a

novel

of

the

same

title

with

one

of

Austen's.C.

Austen

has

been

highly

respected

in

Britain.D.

Sense

and

Sensibility

produced

by

BBC

was

an

instant

hit.正確答案：C參考解析：C

【精析】推斷題。題目問的是“下面哪一句說法是正確的?”。由文章第一段第一、二旬“Few

writers

are

as

revered

as

Jane

Austen．According

to

a

poll

in

March，Pride

and

Prejudicea

romance

without

a

single

kiss—is

the

book

Britons

love

most．”可知：很少有作家能像簡·奧斯汀那樣受人尊敬?！栋谅c偏見》是英國人最喜愛的浪漫小說，這與A項內(nèi)容不符，與C項內(nèi)容相符。由第一段第三句"Austen

adaptations

abound：the

BBC

is

filming

a

new

version

of

Sense

and

Sensibility

written

by

Andrew

Davies，whose

1995

Pride

and

Prejudice

was

a

global

success,

and

ITV

has

just

shown

three

of

her

other

five

novels．”可知：Andrew

Davies只是改寫了奧斯汀的小說：《理智與情感》和《傲慢與偏見》，這與B項內(nèi)容不符。此外，通過該句還可知：Andrew

Davies的1995年改編的《傲慢與偏見》很成功，這與D項內(nèi)容不符。故選C。參考譯文很少有作家能像簡·奧斯汀那樣受人尊敬。根據(jù)3月份的投票，《傲慢與偏見》——一個沒有一個吻的浪漫愛情故事——是英國人最喜歡的小說。對奧斯汀作品的改編比比皆是：英國廣播公司正在重新拍攝安德魯·戴維斯所改寫的《理智與情感》，他l995年改寫的《傲慢與偏見》在全球市場上都很成功。寬帶電視剛播出了奧斯汀五部小說中的三部。但“簡迷”們，作為作者的最忠實崇拜者，幾乎沒有任何可以崇拜的對象。簡的大部分信件都在去世時燒掉了。她姐姐卡桑德拉曾畫過她的一張素描肖像。畫面上，簡噘著嘴唇，帶著睡帽。這一形象是人們所公認的。現(xiàn)在，那張畫正掛在倫敦國家肖像畫廊。畫像的線條非常簡單，人們印制圖書封面時，經(jīng)常不得不做些改動。這也許就是為什么鳥西雅-漢弗萊(一位18世紀少數(shù)民族藝術(shù)家)所作的一幅奧斯汀的肖像由克里斯汀拍賣行于4月19日在紐約拍賣時，引起了眾多人們的關(guān)注。根據(jù)畫像主人——亨利·萊斯——奧斯汀的弟弟愛德華的第六代后人，這幅肖像展現(xiàn)了奧斯汀在約14歲時的相貌。當(dāng)時，一個叔叔正受托幫她相親。但是，不是每個人都相信，畫面上的人就是現(xiàn)實中的奧斯汀本人。對于這幅畫，英國國家肖像畫廊一再拒絕購買，理由是人物服飾上的時代錯誤和畫布上的印花稅票。畫像在拍賣前的估價也反映了這種不確定性。雖然400，000到800，000美元遠遠超過漢弗萊的任何一幅作品，但那些追尋奧斯汀的買家肯定會掏更多的錢。由于倫敦方面的疑慮，所以肖像選在紐約拍賣。另外，美國人和英國人一樣都對奧斯汀很熱衷，這是另一個原因。英國廣播公司的《傲慢與偏見》是與A&E(一個美國有線頻道)聯(lián)合攝制的。而其他一些這樣的頻道，如HB0也出資了寬帶電視的改編。將奧斯汀的作品改編成電視節(jié)目依賴于美國的資金，而不只僅是幾個美國演員。奧斯汀的每部小說都有一位核心女主角和一段婚姻。但與她的女主角不同，奧斯汀單身一生。對此，有人懷疑肖像畫上的憂郁的面容或許可以解釋其中的原由。《成為簡·奧斯汀》是最近一部好萊塢作品。它對此提出了一種不同的，高度推測的解釋：一個美麗的女孩為了一位輕浮的愛爾蘭男人傷透了心，轉(zhuǎn)而借助寫作來慰藉其情感。比起外表，奧斯汀本人更注重她塑造的女主人公的其他方面。關(guān)于容貌的描寫，她只是用空泛的話語一筆帶過。大部分的內(nèi)容都重在表現(xiàn)些女性的思維和話語，這對奧斯汀來說也是最重要的事情。32

[單選題]

WhatcanbesaidabouttheportraitofAustenintheNationalPortraitGalleryinLondon?A.It

was

done

by

Austen's

sister

and

was

poorly

painted.B.

It

is

the

only

portrait

of

Austen

that

is

known

to

the

public.C.Copies

of

it

have

been

made

for

use

on

book

covers.D.

Austen

was

presented

by

her

sister

as

an

unattractive

woman.正確答案：A參考解析：A【精析】細節(jié)題。題目問的是“對倫敦國家肖像畫廊的奧斯汀的畫像，我們可以有什么樣的說法?”。由文章第二段第二句“Most

of

her

letters

were

burned

on

her

death，and

a

single

sketch

by

her

sister…”可知：該肖像是奧斯汀的姐姐所作的一幅素描，這與A項內(nèi)容相符。另外，由下文可知：由烏西雅·漢弗萊所作的奧斯汀的另一幅畫像被拍賣，這與B項內(nèi)容不符。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句中,That

picture，…depicts

a

woman

so

plain

that

it

is

often

reworked

for

book

covers．”可知：奧斯汀的肖像畫被重新制作并使用在書籍封面上，這與C項內(nèi)容不符。再由文章第六段第二句“…and

some

wonder

whether

that

sour—faced

sketch

by

her

sister

tells

US

why．”可知：肖像畫上，奧斯汀的面容陰郁，而沒說不吸引人，這與D項內(nèi)容不符。故選A。33

[單選題]

WhatcanbeknownabouttheportraitofAustendrawnbyOziasHumphrey?A.It

could

be

worth

more

if

the

subject

in

it

had

been

Austen

herseff.B.

The

National

Portrait

Gallery

did

not

want

the

portrait

damaged

by

.a

tax

stamp

on

the

canvas.C.Humphrey

was

asked

to

do

the

job

because

of

his

talent

in

making

the

subject

pretty.D.

It

could

be

sold

at

a

higher

price

in

New

York

than

in

London.正確答案：D參考解析：D【精析】細節(jié)題。題目問的是“對烏西雅·漢弗萊所作的奧斯汀的畫像，我們能知道什么信息?”。由文章第四段第一、二句“Not

everyone

is

convinced

that

the

picture

is

in

fact

of

Miss

Austen．．．，

citing

supposed

anachronisms

in

the

subject’s

costume

and

a

tax

stamp

on

the

canvas．”可知：人們對畫像上的人物身份仍有懷疑。倫敦國家肖像畫廊懷疑的根據(jù)是人物的“costume”和畫面上的“a

tax

stamp”，這與A和B項內(nèi)容不符。文章第三段提到了該畫像是烏西雅·漢弗萊所作，但沒有提到C項內(nèi)容。再由文章第五段第一句“The

doubts

expressed

in

London

are

one

reason

why

the

portrait

was

sold

in

New

York．”可知：該畫像在倫敦受到懷疑，所以選在紐約拍賣，以期賣出高價，這與D項內(nèi)容相符。故選D。34

[單選題]

HowaretheheroinestreatedinAusten'sworks?A.They

are

both

pretty

and

witty.B.

They

are

not

good

at

expressing

themselves.C.

They

all

get

married

in

the

end.D.

They

resemble

Austen

in

appearance.正確答案：C參考解析：C【精析】推斷題。題目問的是“奧斯汀如何描繪小說中的女主人公?”。由文章第六段第一句“At

the

heart

of

each

of

the

novels

is

a

heroine--and

a

marriage．”可知：奧斯汀的小說中都有一位核心女主人公和一段婚姻，由此可推斷其小說的女主人公都結(jié)婚了，這與C項內(nèi)容相符。故選C。35

[單選題]

Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.

Austen

and

Her

Works

B.Portrait

of

a

LadyC.

Adaptation

of

Austen's

Works

D.

Austen:

A

Writer

without

Romance正確答案：B參考解析：B【精析】主旨題。題耳問的是“本文的最佳標題是什么?”。本文主要談?wù)撟骷見W斯汀，談到了她的作品，肖像畫等，尤其提到了兩幅重要的奧斯汀畫像——一幅是她姐姐所作的素描，另一幅是烏西雅·漢弗萊所作的畫像。由此可推斷本文的核心內(nèi)容是“Austen”和“portrait”，這與8項內(nèi)容相符。故選B。材料題根據(jù)以下材料，回答36-36題Onedayagroupofpeoplewalkedintoacaveandpaintedhandprintsalloverthewalls.Tenthousandyearslater,archaeologistshavenoideawhy.66．Butthisisthekindofchallengenowfacingagroupofscientists,historiansandfuturistswhoaretryingtosendamessagetothepeopleofthedistantfuture.Inwhathasbeencalledthefirst,everattemptat"reversearchaeology",theyaredesigningasignthatwilllastatleast10,000years.Themessage:Don'tdighere,weburiednuclearwaste.Therepositoryinquestion,theWasteIsolationPilotProject,orWIPP,wasconstructedinthe1970sand80sinadisusedsaltminenearCarlsbad,NewMexico.In1999,itbecamethefirstundergroundrepositoryintheworldlicensedtohousewastefromtheproductionofnuclearweapons.Onceitreachesfullcapacityin2033,itwillbemonitoredbytheUSDepartmentofEnergyfor1000yearsbeforebeingabandoned.Computermodelspredictthatwithin1000yearstheminewillcollapseinonitself,sealingthechemicalsludge,toxicwasteandcontaminatedlabequipmentinside.67．Thisisamajorchallenge.In10,000yearsourdescendantsmayhavenorecollectionofourculturelanguagesortechnologies,Theymaybemorete