閱讀方法總結(jié)一、考試題型分類考察能力解題思路

Therearesixkindsofreadingcomprehensionquestions,eachofwhichtestsadifferentreadingskill.Thefollowingpagesincludedescriptionsofthevariousquestiontypes,test-takingstrategies,samplequestion,anddetailedexplanationsforallthequestions.Theexplanationsfurtherillustratethewaysinwhichreadingcomprehensionquestionsevaluatebasicreadingskills.ReadingcomprehensionquestionsQuestionsthataskaboutthemainideaofaEachreadingcomprehensionpassageintheGMATisaunifiedwhole—thatis,theindividualsentencesandparagraphssupportanddeveloponemainideaorcentralpoint.Sometimesyouwillbetoldthecentralpointinthepassageitself,andsometimesitwillbenecessaryforyoutodeterminethecentralpointfromtheoverallorganizationordevelopmentofthepassage.Youmaybeaskedinthiskindofquestiontorecognizeacorrectrestatement,orparaphrase,ofthemainideaofthepassage;ortoidentifytheauthor’sprimarypurpose,orobjective,inwritingthepassage;ortoassignatitlethatsummarizesbrieflyandpointedlythemainideadevelopedinthepassage.AT中每篇讀章是然體，就說每個(gè)子段都持者開一，或叫個(gè)心想有文會(huì)訴是么有需你整文的織鋪去定心思?？蓵?huì)求識(shí)有文的個(gè)確或解，可要你別者這文QuestionsthataskaboutthesupportingideaspresentedinaThesequestionsmeasureyourabilitytocomprehendthesupportingideasinapassageandtodifferentiatethosesupportingideasfromthemainidea.Thequestionalsomeasureyourabilitytodifferentiateideasthatareexplicitlystatedinapassagefromideasthatareimpliedbytheauthorbutarenotexplicitlystated.Youmaybeaskedaboutfactscitedinapassage,oraboutthespecificcontentofargumentspresentedbytheauthorinsupportofhisorherviews,oraboutdescriptivedetailsusedtosupportorelaborateonthemainidea.Whereasquestionsaboutthemainideaaskyoutodeterminethemeaningofapassageasawhole,questionsaboutsupportingideasaskyoutodeterminethemeaningsofindividualsentencesandparagraphsthatcontributetothemeaningofthepassageasawhole.Onewaytothinkaboutthesequestionsistoseethemasquestionsaskingforthemainpointofonesmallpartofthepassage.>觀點(diǎn)題測試你理解文中的論點(diǎn)和把支撐的論點(diǎn)與區(qū)分開來的能力。觀點(diǎn)題也測試你區(qū)分作者在文觀點(diǎn)題可能會(huì)問到文中的事實(shí)，作者用來支持自己觀點(diǎn)的論據(jù)的細(xì)枝末節(jié)，或者用來支持或闡述中心題要求你推斷整篇文章的，而觀點(diǎn)題則要求你確定對做出貢獻(xiàn)的單獨(dú)句子或段落的含義。QuestionsthataskforinferencesbasedoninformationpresentedinaThesequestionsaskaboutideasthatarenotexplicitlystatedinapassagebutarestronglybytheauthor.Unlikequestionsaboutsupportingdetails,whichaskaboutinformationthatisdirectlystatedinapassage,inferencequestionsaskaboutideasormeaningsthatmustbeinferredfrominformationthatisdirectlystated.Authorscanmaketheirpointsinindirectways,suggestingideaswithoutactuallystatingthem.Thesequestionsmeasureyouabilitytoinferanauthor’sintendedmeaninginpartsofapassagewherethemeaningisonlysuggested.Thequestionsdonotaskaboutmeaningsorimplicationsthatareremotefromthepassagebutaboutmeaningsthataredevelopedindirectlyorimplicationsspecificallysuggestedbytheauthor.Toanswerthesequestions,youmayhavetocarrystatementsmadebytheauthoronesteptheirliteralmeanings,orrecognizetheoppositeofastatementmadebytheauthor,oridentifytheintendedmeaningofawordusedfigurativelyinapassage.Ifapassageexplicitlystatesaneffect,forexample,youmaybeaskedtoinferitscause.Iftheauthorcomparestwophenomena,youmaybeaskedtoinferthebasisforthecomparison.Youmaybeaskedtoinferthecharacteristicsofanoldpolicyfromanexplicitdescriptionofanewone.Whenyoureadapassage.,therefore,youshouldconcentratenotonlyontheexplicitmeaningoftheauthor’swords,butalsoonthemoresubtlemeaningimpliedbythosewords.要回答這些問題，你可能需要進(jìn)一步以作者陳述所表達(dá)的字面含義，或者需要認(rèn)識(shí)到作者陳述的對立QuestionsthataskhowinformationgiveninapassagecanbeappliedtoacontextoutsidethepassageitselfThesequestionsmeasureyourabilitytodiscerntherelationshipsbetweensituationsorideaspresentedbytheauthorandothersituationsorideasthatmightparallelthoseinthepassage.Inthiskindofquestion,youmaybeaskedtoidentifyahypotheticalsituationthatiscomparabletoasituationpresentedinthepassage,ortoapplyideasgiveninthepassagetoasituationnotmentionedbytheauthor,ortorecognizeideasthattheauthorwouldprobablyagreeordisagreewithonthebasisofstatementsmadeinthepassage.Unlikeinferencequestions,thesequestionsuseideasorsituationsnottakenfromthepassage.Ideasandsituationsgiveninaquestionarelikethosegiveninthepassage,andtheyparallelideasandsituationsgiveinthepassage.Therefore,toanswerthequestion,youmustdomorethanrecallwhatyouread.Youmustrecognizetheessentialattributesofideasandsituationspresentedinthepassagewhentheyappearindifferentwordsandinanentirelynewcontext.者的觀點(diǎn)。QuestionsthataskaboutthelogicalstructureofaThesequestionsaskyouto yzeandevaluatetheorganizationandthelogicofapassage.Theymayaskhowapassageisconstructed:forinstance,doesitdefine,doesitcompareorcontrast,doesitpresentanewidea,doesitrefuteanidea?Theymayalsoaskhowtheauthorpersuadesreaderstoaccepthisorherassertions,oraboutthereasonbehindtheauthor’suseofanyparticularsupportingdetail.Youmayalsobeaskedtoidentifyassumptionsthattheauthorismaking,toassessthestrengthsandweaknessesoftheauthor’sarguments,ortorecognizeappropriatecounterarguments.Thesequestionsmeasureyourabilitynotonlytocomprehendapassagebuttoevaluateitcritically.However,itisimportantforyoutorealizethatthesequestionsdonotrelyonanykindofformallogic,nordotheyrequirethatyoubefamiliarwithspecifictermsoflogicorargumentation.Youcananswerthesequestionsusingonlytheinformationinthepassageandcarefulreasoning.QuestionsthataskaboutthestyleandtoneofaThesequestionsaskaboutthelanguageofapassageandabouttheideasinapassagethatmaybeexpressedthroughitslanguage.Youmaybeaskedtodeducetheauthor’sattitudetowardanidea,afact,orasituationfromthewordsthatheorsheusestodescribeit.Youmayalsobeaskedtoselectaword curaydescribesthetoneofapassage—forinstance,"critical,""questioning,""objective,"or"enthusiastic."Toanswerthistypeofquestion,youwillhavetoconsiderthelanguageofthepassageasawhole:ittakesmorethanonepointedcriticalwordtomakethetoneofanentirepassage“critical.”Sometimes,thesequestionsaskwhataudiencethepassagewasprobablyintendedfororwhattypeofpublicationitprobablyappearedin.Styleandtonequestionsmayapplytoonesmallpartofthepassageortothepassageasawhole.Toanswerthem,youmustaskyourselfwhatmeaningsarecontainedinthewordsofapassagetheirliteralmeanings.Weresuchwordsselectedbecauseoftheiremotionalcontent,orbecauseaparticularaudiencewouldexpecttohearthem?Remember,thesequestionsmeasureyourabilitytodiscernmeaningexpressedbytheauthorthroughhisorherchoiceofword.6.關(guān)于文章的風(fēng)格和基調(diào)（態(tài)度題章看作一個(gè)整體——文章通常使用好幾個(gè)的批評詞匯就會(huì)鑄就整篇文章的“批評”基調(diào)。有時(shí)，態(tài)度題也會(huì)問到哪些人可能是文章的讀者，或者文章可能出現(xiàn)在哪種物中。態(tài)度題既可能針對文章字面含義的意思到底是什么。作者使用這些詞語是因?yàn)樗鼈兊母胁?，還是因?yàn)橛幸蝗禾貏e的Test-takingstrategiesforReadingYoushouldnotexpecttocompleyfamiliarwithanyofthematerialpresentedinreadingcomprehensionpassages.Youmayfindsomepassageseasiertounderstandthanothers,butallpassagesaredesignedtopresentachallenge.Ifyouhavesomefamiliaritywiththematerialbeingpresentedinapassage,donotletthisknowledgeinfluenceyourchoiceofanswerstothequestions.Answerallquestionsonthebasisofwhatisstatedorimpliedinthepassage所有的文章都被設(shè)計(jì)成具有性。如果你對文中的素材有一些熟悉，不要讓你的影響你選擇正確的Sincethequestionsrequirespecificanddetailedunderstandingofthematerialinapassage, eachpassagecarefullythefirsttimeyoureadit.However,thereareotherwaysofapproachingreadingcomprehensionpassages:sometesttakesprefertoskimthepassagesthefirsttimethroughoreventoreadthefirstquestionbeforereadingthepassage.YoushouldchoosethemethodmostsuitableforF