2022年1月上海市春季高考英語仿真模擬試卷（一）（含答案解析）

2022年1月全國普通高等學校招生統(tǒng)一考試上海春考英語仿真模擬試卷（一）I.ListeningComprehensionSectionA（第1-10題，每題1分；第11-20題，每題1.5分；共25分）SectionADirections:InSectionAfyouwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillheaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillhespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper;anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Attheairport.B.Inatheatre.C.Inaticketoffice.D.Atahotel.A.Attendaparty.B.Gocamping.C.Decorateahouse.D.Rentatent3.A.2.B.3.C.5.D.10.4.A.ThepostcardhasbeenlostB.Thelocalpostofficeisdosed.C.Themanwillgotothepostoffice.D.Thewomanisexpectingapostcard.5.A.BuysomenewequipmentB.Leavetheequipmentastheyare.Watchwhatthewomanisdoing.Finishhiswortasquickly?spossible..A.WorkontheassignmentwithaclassmateB.Talktoanadvisoraboutdroppingthecourse.C.Spendmoretimeworkingonmathsproblems.D.Askagraduateassistantforhelp..A.Gohometogetabook..Returnabooktothelibrary.C.Pickupabookatthelibraryforthewoman.D.Askthelibrarianforhelpinfindingabook.8.A.Shewishesshehadn'torderedthedish.B.Shedoesn'tusuallyeatinthecafeteria.C.Thecafeteriausuallyusescannedvegetables.D.Thedishusuallycontainsfewervegetables..A.StudentsstillhavetimetoapplyforaIon.B.Studentsmustwaituntilnextmonthtoapplyforaloan.Believable可以相信的。根據(jù)上句“Doyourememberhowyoufeltthefirsttimeyourodebike?”（作者問第一次騎車的時候）可知，作者在講過去的記憶。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果這些創(chuàng)傷不會造成如此多的傷害，那會怎么樣呢？A.dignity尊嚴；B.struggle^4*;C.pain痛苦；D.movement運動。根據(jù)上句“suchpainfblmemoriescanleavepeoplewithlife-changingmentalconditions.（這些痛苦的記憶會給人們帶來改變生活的精神狀況。）“創(chuàng)傷”應該是痛苦的經(jīng)歷，所以會造成“痛苦:故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)科學家通常定義一個記憶為“一個印跡符號”-在大腦組織中的和一個特定的記憶有關的物理改變。A.associatedw汕和…有關；B.exchangedfor交換；C.sentencedto判開lj；D.deprivedof錄lj奪?！癲efneasingularmemoryas”本句解釋的是“memory”的定義，recllection是它的近義詞，因此應該是“和它相關的:故選A?！?4題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：他們能夠瞄準那個構成記憶符號的細胞，然后植入一個虛假的記憶。A.putoff推遲；B.pickup撿起；C.turnon打開；D.makeup構成。根據(jù)“aphysicalchangeinbraintissue,aparticularrecollection.（科學家對“engram”的定義）可知，那個細胞儲存著記憶，構成了記憶符號。故選Do【45題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在他們的工作中，老鼠會對某個特定的刺激作出驚恐的反應，即使當它們提前沒有遭遇到這種情況。A.reacted反應；B.hurried匆忙；C.stunned震驚；D.resolved決心。根據(jù)“Theywereabletotargetthecellsthatoneengraminamouse'sbrainandthenimplantafalsememory.”（科學家們在做研究，“往它們體內(nèi)植入虛假的記憶”），所以應該是老鼠對此作出反應。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在他們當前的工作中，他和同事正在調查是否這些消極的記憶可以被積極的記憶改寫。A.short-term短期的;B.negative消極的；C.enjoyable快樂的；D.reliable可靠的。根據(jù)后文的“be“overwritten”bypositiveones”可知，本空應該是它的反義詞。故選B。【47題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在對老鼠進行外科手術之后科學家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，當老鼠在籠子里的時候激活那些積極的記憶會讓它不再那么恐懼。A.deleting冊IJ除；B.decreasing減少；C.activating激活；D.pausing暫停。*艮據(jù)"positivememoriesarecreatedbyputtingmalemiceincageswithfemaleonesforanhour”，（科學家們對老鼠輸入了積極的記憶），所以推測本句指“激活”這些積極記憶。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們認為這種記憶的“重新訓練”有助于去除掉老鼠的一些創(chuàng)傷。A.recreate重新創(chuàng)造；B.eliminate消除；C.liberate解放；D.memorize記住。根據(jù)下文，“itisunclearwhetherthoseoriginalfearmemoriesarecompletelylostorjustsuppressed^（不知這些原始恐懼是否完全消失）可知，本句指這樣做可以“消除”掉一些創(chuàng)傷。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，是否這些原始的恐懼記憶完全消除或抑制是不清楚的。A.Therefore因此；B.Besides另夕卜;C.Indeed實際上；D.However然而。根據(jù)上文“Theythinkthatthismemoryccretrainingnmaybehelpingtosomeofthemouse'strauma.這樣做有助于消除恐懼記憶，下句又講“能否完全消除還不清楚”，因此兩句之間是轉折關系。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管他們的團隊強調他們在老鼠身上的成果只是初步的，但是他們也看到了在這條路上為人類治療的潛力。A.Since因為；B.Unless除非；C.Until直到；D.While然而。根據(jù)從句中“preliminary（初步的廣一詞，及主句中“潛力”一詞，可推出主從句之間為轉折關系。故選D?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：例如，那些遭受抑郁的人們就可以讓他們的記憶被轉換，以致于他們對痛苦的經(jīng)歷沒有一種強烈的反應。A.removed移除；B.strengthened加強；C.altered轉換；D.stimulated刺激。根據(jù)"Ramirez'steamstressesthattheirworkinmiceispreliminary（初步的），theyseetreatmentpotentialforhumansdowntheroad”，“科學家們在對老鼠做實驗的成效中，看到了人類治療的潛能“，所以本句是這種“潛能”應用的例子，就是可以轉換人的記憶。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：例如，那些遭受抑郁的人們就可以讓他們的記憶被轉換，以致于他們對痛苦的經(jīng)歷沒有一種強烈的反應。A.emotional情感的；B.physical身體的C.controversial有爭議的；D.mechanical機械的；本空修飾“responsetopainfblrecollection”，（人對痛苦回憶的反應），這種反應應該是“情感上的工故選A?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果關鍵的證人和受害者不能記得犯罪事件，那么執(zhí)法系統(tǒng)會處于不利地位嗎？A.immune免疫的；B.justice公正的，正義，執(zhí)法制度；C.medical醫(yī)療的；D.commerce商業(yè)。根據(jù)“systembeatadisadvantageifkeywitnessesandvictimscannotrememberacrime?”意思，證人和受害者不記得犯罪事件后，那么“執(zhí)法部門''就無法找到確切的犯罪證據(jù)。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：伴隨著神經(jīng)科學家們的研究進展，他們說這些道德上的問題也正在被考慮中。A.mental精神的;B.ethical道德上的,倫理的；C.criminal罪犯的；D.equality平等性。根據(jù)“ThesearequestionsNewYorkUniversitybioethicistArthurCaplansaysareworththinkingabout”作者提出，如果這種技術應用在人身上后，會出現(xiàn)的各種問題可知，這些問題都屬于“道德”方面的。故選B。[55題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Ramirez認為這種控制記憶的想法既不是好的，也不是壞的，這取決于你怎樣使用它。A.killing殺害;B.multiplying繁殖;C.controlling控制;D.justifying證明…合法，辯護。根據(jù)“memoriescanbe“overwritten”bypositiveones”可知，本文主要講“改變?nèi)说挠洃洝钡膯栴}，所以這里應該是“控制記憶”。故選C。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（A）Peggy,anoldbordercollie（柯利牧羊犬），wassignedovertotheRSPCA（皇家防止虐待動物協(xié)會）afterherhandlercouldnolongercommunicatewithher.Hethoughtshecouldnolongerworkbecauseshewasnotabletohearwhistlesorvoicecommands.However,afterbeinghandedtotheRSPCA,PeggywastakeninbyChloeShorten,ananimalwelfaremanagerfromtheorganization'smid-NorfolkandnorthSuffolkbranch.Shorten,28,andherhusbandJason,34,ashepherd,taughtPeggytounderstandhandsignalsandbodylanguage.ThecoupletrainedPeggywiththehelpofasheepdogtrainerandtheirtwootherworkingdogs,SidandNora.Shortensaid:"WecompletelyfellinlovewithPeggyalmostimmediately,anditsoonbecameclearthatshewouldn'tbegoinganywhere.WeknewPeggywantedtobeworking,sowestartedthelongprocessofteachingherhowtoherdandworkwithashepherdwithoutrelyingonvoicecommands.',ThecouplebeganbytrainingPeggytolookatthemtoreceivehandsignals.“Weusedrepetitiveandpositivereinforcementandinsteadofpairingaverbalcommandwithanactionwe'duseahandgesture.Shereadsourhandsignalsandbodylanguageasawayoftellingwhatwe'reaskingfbr.Forexample,thumbsupmeans"goodgirf.Aflat,outstretchedpalmmeans'stop'.ShortenandherhusbandpointinacertaindirectiontoindicatewheretheywantPeggytogoandpattheirkneestosummonherbacktothem.Toaskhertoslowdown,Shortensaidshedoesawavinggesture.Peggyisnotworkingfull-timebutenjoyshelpingoutinthefields."Itcanbedifficultwithadeafdog,becauseyouhavetowaveathertogetherattention,andsometimesshedoesn'trealizestraightaway/shesaid.“Butshe*ssuchahappylittledog.She*snospringchicken,andsheisgenerallyretired,butshelovesgoingouttoworkwithusandrunningaroundinthefields.'*56.WhatdowelearnaboutPeggyfromthepassage?PeggywastransferredfromherformerownertoRSPCAforheroldage.Peggywastrainedwithouttheaidofotherdogs.Peggywasadoptedbythecoupleshortlyafterthecouplemether.Peggyisfullofenergyandnowisworkingalldaylong.HowdidthecoupletrainPeggytounderstandtheirhandsignalsandbodylanguage?Byapplyingrepeatedandpositivereinforcement.Byparingaverbalcommandwithanaction.Bypattingtheirknees.Bydoingawavinggesture.WhatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedpartinParagraph7?notdeafnotyoungnotenergeticnotpositiveWhatisthemainideaofthepassage?Signlanguageisofimportancetotrainingdogstoherd.HowRSPCArescuestheabandoneddogsandsendsthemtosomefamilies.HowShortenandJasonteachdeafdogstoherdandworkwithashepherd.Anelderlydeafsheepdogisnowworkingagainafterlearningsignlanguage.【答案】56.C57.A58.B59.D［語篇導讀］本文是一篇記敘文。講述了一只年老的叫Peggy的牧羊犬失去聽力后被主人送到皇家防止虐待動物協(xié)會。在那里，它被Shorten夫婦收養(yǎng)并學會手語，重新開始工作?！窘馕觥?C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句中的WecompletelyfellinlovewithPeggyalmostimmediately,anditsoonbecameclearthatshewouldn*tbegoinganywhere可知答案。.A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第二句Weusedrepetitiveandpositivereinforcement可知答案。B選項是這對夫妻沒有選擇的方法C和D選項是具體某個手勢，并不是訓練的方法。.B詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段sheisgenerallyretired可知,Peggy是一只退休的，不再年輕的狗。59.D主旨大意題。從文章的第一段和最后一段得知，年老的失去聽力的Peggy被Shorten夫婦教會手語后，重新工作。(B)Withthefragranceindustryexpectedtobeworthanenormous$92billionby2024,thereisbigmoneytobemadefromscents.Asthefashionandmarketingindustrymovesawayfromtargetingmenandwomenandontoamoreinclusive,non-genderedapproach,fragrancecompaniesaredoingtheexactsame-creatingproductsthatcanbewornhappilybyallgenders.Thesmellswe'redrawntoareinherentlyuniversal,acrossallgendersandincludingallnoses.Withthisinmind,wetestedournosesagainstthreeofthebrandsthathavemadeaplayforgenderneutrality.EccentricMoleculesTheuniquesellingpointofEccentricMoleculesisthatit'sdesignedtosmellcompletelydifferentoneverywearer,reactingwithournaturalscentstocreateauniqueblend.Withpotentialforsharingwithalovedone,theirpackagingisapracticalifalittleunromantic,simplebottle.Still,uponopeningtheirbestseller"Molecule01",thejourneybegins.Uponfirstspray,theoverwhelmingscentisofalcohol,butitsoonsettlesintoabarely-theresmellthatrecallssoftleatherandfeelssurprisinglysoothingonskin.TopScent:Molecule01,￡72for100mlCleanReserveCleanReservesmellslikeitsounds-brightfreshscentsthatwouldappealtothosewhopreferlightsmell.Itisalsoperfectforkeepinginyourgymordaybagtofreshenupyourself.Packagingfeelsweightyandluxurious——withoutcompromisingsustainability——thebottleismadefromsustainability-managedfores:woodandeventhealcoholisderivedfromcorn.TopScent:Rain,￡82forlOOmlLaboratoryPerfumesPackagedinchemistry-classbottles,thisbrand'slatestcollectionisstronglyinspiredbyBritainanditsnaturalabundanceofherbsandflowers.Whatresultsaregrown-up,powerfulscents.Ourclearfavouritesfromthecollectioncouldn'tbemoredifferent——“Samphire“isarefreshingcoastalscentmixedwithrose,while“Atlas”isastrongblendofwineandtobacco,aneasysignaturescentfordayandnightwithminimalreapplicationneeded.TopScent:Atlas,￡65for100ml.Thepurposeofparagraph1is.toanalyzehowsmellsinfluenceustoselltheideaofnon-genderedfragrancetoinformthereadersofalatestfashiontrendtojustifythedevelopmentoffragranceindustryThecommonfeatureofEscentricMoleculesandCleanReserveis.practicalandsimplepackagingsustainablepackagingmadefromwoodasoftandlightscentsmellingtotallydifferentoneveryuserForacustomerwhopreferstrongmaturesmellsthatlastsawholeday,whichproductshouldhechoose?A.Molecule01.B.Rain.C.Samphire.D.Atlas.【答案】60.B61.C62.D［語篇導讀］本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了不同香水的特點?！窘馕觥俊?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第——段“Asthefashionandmarketingindustrymovesawayfromtargetingmenandwomenandontoamoreinclusive,non-genderedapproach,fragrancecompaniesaredoingtheexactsame-creatingproductsthatcanbewornhappilybyallgenders.（隨著時尚和營銷行業(yè)從瞄準男性和女性轉向一種更具包容性、非性別化的方式，香水公司正在做完全相同的創(chuàng)造性產(chǎn)品，所有性別都可以快樂地使用廣可知，本段的主要目的就是推銷非性別化香水理念。故選擇B項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。第一個方框內(nèi)“Uponfirstspray,theoverwhelmingscentisofalcohol,butitsoonsettlesintoabarely-theresmellthatrecallssoftleatherandfeelssurprisinglysoothingonskin.(第一次噴灑時,壓倒性的氣味是酒精，但它很快就變成了一種幾乎沒有的氣味，讓人想起柔軟的皮革，皮膚感覺異常光滑)''及第二個方框內(nèi)“CleanReservesmellslikeitsounds-bright,freshscentsthatwouldappealtothosewhopreferlightsmell.(CleanReserve聞起來像明亮，新鮮的氣味，會吸引那些喜歡淡氣味的人戶可知，兩種香水的共同點是，柔軟和味道淡。故選擇C項?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三個方框內(nèi)“while"Atlas"isastrongblendofwineandtobacco,aneasysignaturescentfordayandnightw汕minimalreapplicationneeded.(而“Atlas”是一種強烈的混合了酒和煙草的特色鮮明的氣味能持續(xù)一整天，很少需要再次使用戶可知，“Atlas”適合喜歡氣味強烈且持久香水的人士。故選擇D項。(C)TypesofSocialGroupsLifeplacesusinacomplexwebofrelationshipswithotherpeople.Ourhumannessarisesoutoftheserelationshipsinthecourseofsocialinteraction.Moreover,ourhumannessmustbesustainedthroughsocialinteraction-andfairlyconstantlyso.Whenanassociationcontinueslongenoughfortwopeopletobecomelinkedtogetherbyarelativelystablesetofexpectations,itiscalledarelationship.Peopleareboundwithinrelationshipsbytwotypesofbonds:expressivetiesandinstrumentalties.Expressivetiesaresociallinksformedwhenweemotionallyinvestourselvesinandcommitourselvestootherpeople.Throughassociationwithpeoplewhoaremeaningfultous,weachieveasenseofsecurity,love,acceptance,companionship,andpersonalworth.Instrumentaltiesaresociallinksfocusedwhenwecooperatewithotherpeopletoachievesomegoal.Occasionally,thismaymeanworkingwith,insteadofagainst,competitors.Moreoften,wesimplycooperatewithotherstoreachsomeendwithoutendowingtherelationshipwithanylargersignificance.Sociologistshavebuiltonthedistinctionbetweenexpressiveandinstrumentaltiestodistinguishbetweentwotypesofgroups:primaryandsecondary.Aprimarygroupinvolvestwoormorepeoplewhoenjoyadirect,intimate,cohesiverelationshipwithoneanother.Expressivetiespredominateinprimarygroups:weviewthepeopleasendsinthemselvesandvaluableintheirownright.Asecondarygroupentailstwoormorepeoplewhoareinvolvedinanimpersonalrelationshipandhavecometogetherforaspecific,practicalpurpose.Instrumentaltiespredominateinsecondarygroups;weperceivepeopleasmeanstoendsratherthanasendsintheirownright,sometimesprimarygrouprelationshipsevolveoutofsecondarygrouprelationships.Thishappensinmanyworksettings.Peopleonthejoboftendevelopcloserelationshipswithcoworkersastheycometosharegripes,jokes,gossip,andsatisfactions.Anumberofconditionsenhancethelikelihoodthatprimarygroupswillarise.First,groupsizeisimportant.Wefinditdifficulttogettoknowpeoplepersonallywhentheyaremillingaboutanddispersedinlargegroups.Insmallgroupswehaveabetterchancetoinitiatecontactandestablishrapportwiththem.Second,face-to-facecontactallowsustosizeupothers.Seeingandtalkingwithoneanotherinclosephysicalproximitymakespossibleasubtleexchangeofideasandfeelings.Andthird,theprobabilitythatwewilldevelopprimarygroupbondsincreasesaswehavefrequentandcontinuouscontact.Ourtieswithpeopleoftendeepenasweinteractwiththemacrosstimeandgraduallyevolveinterlockinghabitsandinterests.Primarygroupsarefundamentaltousandtosociety.Sociologistsviewprimarygroupsasbridgesbetweenindividualsandthelargersocietybecausetheytransmit,mediate,andinterpretasociety'sculturalpatternsandprovidethesenseofonenesssocriticalforsocialsolidarity.Primarygroups,thenservebothascarriersofsocialnormsandasenforcersofthem.AccordingtoParagraph1,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofarelationship?Itisastructureofassociationswithmanypeople.Itshouldbestudiedinthecourseofsocialinteraction.Itplacesgreatdemandsonpeople.Itdevelopsgraduallyovertime.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromtheauthor'sclaiminparagraph4thatprimarygrouprelationshipssometimesevolveoutofsecondarygrouprelationships?Secondarygrouprelationshipsbeginbybeingprimarygrouprelationships.Asecondarygrouprelationshipthatishighlyvisiblequicklybecomesaprimarygrouprelationship.Sociologistsbelievethatonlyprimarygrouprelationshipsareimportanttosociety.Eveninsecondarygroups,frequentcommunicationservestobringpeopleintocloserelationships.Thephrase“sizeup“inparagraph5isclosestinmeaningto"A.enlargeB.evaluateC.impressD.acceptThispassageisdevelopedprimarilyby.drawingcomparisonsbetweentheoryandpracticepresentingtwoopposingtheoriesCdefiningimportantconceptsD.discussingcausesandtheireffects【答案】63.D64.D65.B66.C【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了人們在關系中被兩種紐帶所束縛:表達性聯(lián)系和工具性聯(lián)系，分別說明了這兩種聯(lián)系的含義，以及在此基礎上的兩種群體類型:主要群體和次要群體，以及這兩種群體的含義和區(qū)別。以及提高初級群體出現(xiàn)可能性的三個條件。最后表達初級群體的意義：它是我們和社會的基礎，它既是社會規(guī)范的載體，又是社會規(guī)范的執(zhí)行者?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中Whenanassociationcontinueslongenoughfortwopeopletobecomelinkedtogetherbyarelativelystablesetofexpectations,itiscalledarelationship.（當一段關系持續(xù)足夠長的時間，使兩個人通過一組相對穩(wěn)定的期望聯(lián)系在一起時，這就叫做關系。）可知一段關系隨著時間的推移而逐漸發(fā)展。故選D?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中Thishappensinmanyworksettings.Peopleonthejoboftendevelopcloserelationshipswithcoworkersastheycometosharegripes,jokes,gossip,andsatisfactions.（這在彳艮多工作環(huán)境中都會發(fā)生。在工作中，當人們分享抱怨、笑話、八卦和樂事時，他們經(jīng)常會與同事建立親密的關系。）可知從作者在第4段中提出的主要群體關系有時由次要群體關系演變而來的觀點中，我們可以推斷出即使在第二群體中，頻繁的交流也有助于人們建立親密的關系。故選D?！?5題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)下文Seeingandtalkingwithoneanotherinclosephysicalproximitymakespossibleasubtleexchangeofideasandfeelings.可知近距離的觀察和交談使思想和感情的微妙交流成為可能。即面對面的接觸讓我們能夠評估他人。故短語意思為“評估”，故選B?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章主要內(nèi)容，尤其是第二段主要說明了人們關系中的兩種紐帶關系的含義，以及第四段說明了由這兩種關系而發(fā)展而來的兩個群體的含義和區(qū)別?？赏浦@篇文章主要是通過定義重要的概念來展開的。故選C。SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassages.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthemyouneed.Uniformhastobeseenassomethingthatisearned.Schooluniformisalsoagreattooltopreventbullying.Somestudentscomplainthatschooluniformismonotonous.Inmyexperience,uniformhelpsschoolsmaintainauthority.However,aschoolshouldnotrelyheavilyonuniformregulation.Learningtofitinisoneofthethingsbeingatschoolthatteachesourchildren.ToWearorNottoWearAfterastrictheadteacherintheU.K.sent80studentshomeforuniformviolations,theGuardianheldadiscussionaboutwhetherwearingschooluniformsmakesadifference.Schooluniformisveryimportant.Itdoesimprovemyconcentration,becauseitremindsmethatI'matschooltolearn.ButI'mnotsureifthat'sbecauseI'musedtowearinguniformandassociatemyownclotheswithfreetime.67Ifeveryoneiswearingthesameclothes,it'simpossibletomakefunofotherpeople'sclothing.Idon'tthinkthisignoresachild'sneedtoexpressthemselves.-DavidHershman9astudentatStaffordgrammarschool68Studentsshouldstartschoolwithnouniform.Astheyprogressthroughtheschool,theystartwearingit.Ialwaysthinkchildrenneedtobeproudoftheirschool,anduniformisimportantforthat.So,makethemearnit!Iftheylettheschooldown,theyshouldn'tbeallowedtowearit.LookattheMarines（海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊）theycan'twaittogetthatberet（貝雷帽）.-TimFrancisyaformerteacherIhavehadexperienceofteachinginbothuniformandnon-uniformschools.Icandefinitelyseethebenefitsofstudentswearinguniform.Uniformcanbeimportantincreatingasenseofschoolidentityandcommunity.Itisoftenasourceofcollectiveprideforstudents.-69_Teachingstudentshowtoexpressthemselveswithconfidence,ratherthanthelengthoftheirtie,shouldbethepriority.-EnayahByramjee^aneducationaldevelopmentdirectorInaperfectworld,schooluniformwouldnotexist.ChildrenwouldexpresstheirpersonalitiesthroughC.Thewomanshouldfindoutwhetherherloanapplicationwasaccepted.D.Thewomanshouldaskforanextensionontheapplicationdeadline.10.A.Shedidn'twanttostayattheGordon.B.Herhotelisfarfromtheconferencecentre.C.Sheisn'tsurehowtogettotheAppleGales.D.ThemanshouldconsidermovingtoanotherhotelSectionBDirections:InSectionB.youwillheartwoshortpassagesseveralandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthem.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Tomakesomephysicalsamplesofthewinetobetasted.B.Toreachanagreementonhowcertainflavorssmell.C.Tocoinsomedescriptivetermsforcertainflavors.D.Tofindaroomthatislitwithredlight.A.Ithelpspeopledistinguishdifferentflavors.Itiscomposedofwheelsofdifferentsizes.Itexposesuserstofruityflavorsalone.Itdividesflavorsintotwocategories.A.Thestandardprocedureofwine-testingB.ThewideuseoftheAromaWheel.C.Theat-homewine-testingtest.D.Thefunsensoryworld.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Hereadaboutitthedaybefore.B.Oneofthestudentsaskedhimaboutit.C.HehadjustreadDr.FrederickCock'stravellog.theirclothesatschool,justastheydoathome.Schoolwouldn'timpressonpupilstheneedtowearskirtstoacertainlength.Wedon'tliveinaperfectworld,however.70Myhouseisoftenfilledwithuniform-wearinggirls.Thebestthingaboutuniform,formeasaparent,isthesimplicity.-JoannaMoorhead,amotheroffour【答案】67.B648.A69.E70.F【解析】本文為新聞報道。在英國一名嚴厲的校長因違反校服規(guī)定將80名學生送回家后，《衛(wèi)報》就穿校服的必要性展開了討論?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)卜文“Ifeveryoneiswearingthesameclothes,it'simpossibletomakefunofotherpeople'sclothing（如果每個人都穿同樣的衣服，就不可能拿別人的衣服開玩笑了）“可知，每個人穿同樣的衣服就不會因為著裝不同而受到嘲笑，因此校服也是防止校園欺凌的好工具。故選項B.Schooluniformisalsoagreattooltopreventbullying.（校服也是防止欺凌的好工具）符合語境，故選B?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)下文“So,makethemearnit!Iftheylettheschooldown,theyshouldn'tbeallowedtowearit.（讓他們自己去掙得吧!如果他們讓學校失望了，他們不應允許穿它廣可知，校服必須被看作是一種努力得來的東西。故選項A.Uniformhastobeseenassomethingthatisearned.（校服必須被看作是一種努力得來的東西）符合語境。故選A。【69題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Unifbrmcanbeimportantincreatingasenseofschoolidentityandcommunity.Itisoftenasourceofcollectiveprideforstudents”可知，校服對于培養(yǎng)學生的自豪感和對學校認同感很重要，再根據(jù)下文"Teachingstudentshowtoexpressthemselveswithconfidence,ratherthanthelengthoftheirtie,shouldbethepriority（教學生如何自信地表達自己，而不是（限制）他們領帶的長度，應該是最重要的廣可知，所設空處表轉折，選項E.However,aschoolshouldnotrelyheavilyonuniformregulation（然而，學校不應該過分依賴統(tǒng)一的規(guī)章制度）符合語境，故選E?！?0題詳解】由上文“Wedon^liveinaperfectworldJ可知，我們沒有生活在一個完美的世界，在學校里不能像在家里一樣可以通過穿衣打扮表達自己的個性，因此我們要教會孩子們遵守校規(guī)，故選項F.Learningtofitinisoneofthethingsbeingatschoolthatteachesourchildren（學會融入是我們在學校教孩子的事情之一）符合語境，故選F。IV.SummaryWriting(10分)Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.TheprotectionprovidedbyCOVID-19vaccinesdeclinesafterfourtosixmonths,alargeUnitedKingdomstudyhasfound.ResearchersfromhealthsciencecompanyZOE,aspin-outfromKing'sCollegeLondon,recentlyhavefoundthatafullcourseofthePfizervaccinewas88percenteffectiveatpreventinginfectionafteronemonth,andthisprotectionfellto74percentafterfivetosixmonths.TimSpector,aprofessorofgeneticepidemiologywholedtheresearch,saidthatthedataisbroadlyconsistentwithvariousotherstudiesonCOVID-19vaccineefficacyovertime,includingarecentsurveyfromOxfordUniversitythatfoundprotectionfromthePfizerandAstraZenecajabsagainsttheDeltavariantweakenedwithinthreemonths.However,SimonClarke,anassociateprofessorinmicrobiologyatReadingUniversity,whowasnotinvolvedintheresearch,saidtheclaimthatprotectionmaydipbelow50percentthisyear"isnotbasedonanystronganalysisofdata“andseems“morelikeafingerintheairprediction”."Immunityisacomplexprocessandwecannotassumepeople'simmunitywillfadeatauniformrateovertime,“Clarkesaid.PeterEnglish,aformerchairmanoftheBritishMedicalAssociation'sPublicHealthMedicineCommittee,whowasnotinvolvedintheresearch,saidthatthedataislimitedasitdidnotprovideinformationaboutvaccineefficacyatpreventingseveredisease.“Thereisaworldofdifferencebetweenefficacyagainst,ontheonehand,anyinfectionandontheotherhand,illnesssevereenoughtorequirehospitalization,criticalcare,ortocausedeathJEnglishsaid.Spectorsaidthat,inlightofthenewresearch,"weurgentlyneedtomakeplansfbrvaccineboosters”，orthirdshotsaimedatcombatingfadingimmunity.HetoldtheBBCthattheseshotsshouldbereservedforcertaingroups,andthatawidespreadboostercampaignwouldbea“hugewaste"and"ethicallydubious”.【參考答案】AnewstudyhasfoundtheefficacyofCOVID-19vaccineswilldeclineastimegoesby.Thefindingisbackedbyotherstudies.However,theunscientificanalysisofdataandlimitationforlackofinformationregardingvaccineefficacyatseverediseasepreventionhavecastdoubtonthisfinding.Despitethese,itisrecommendedtoboostvaccineinjectionsamongcertaingroups.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹說，一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨著時間的推移，C0VID-19疫苗的效力將會下降。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)得到了其他研究的支持。然而，數(shù)據(jù)的不科學分析和疫苗在嚴重疾病預防中的功效信息的缺乏，使這一發(fā)現(xiàn)受到質疑。盡管如此，還是建議在某些群體中增加疫苗注射?！驹斀狻?要點摘錄①TheprotectionprovidedbyCOVID-19vaccinesdeclinesafterfourtosixmonths,alargeUnitedKingdomstudyhasfound.②TimSpector,aprofessorofgeneticepidemiologywholedtheresearch,saidthatthedataisbroadlyconsistentwithvariousotherstudiesonCOVID-19vaccineefficacyovertime,includingarecentsurveyfromOxfordUniversitythatfoundprotectionfromthePfizerandAstraZenecajabsagainsttheDeltavariantweakenedwithinthreemonths.③However,SimonClarke,anassociateprofessorinmicrobiologyatReadingUniversity,whowasnotinvolvedintheresearch,saidtheclaimthatprotectionmaydipbelow50percentthisyear"isnotbasedonanystronganalysisofdata”andseems"morelikeafingerintheairprediction”.PeterEnglish,aformerchairmanoftheBritishMedicalAssociation'sPublicHealthMedicineCommittee,whowasnotinvolvedintheresearch,saidthatthedataislimitedasitdidnotprovideinformationaboutvaccineefficacyatpreventingseveredisease.?Spectorsaidthat,inlightofthenewresearch,"weurgentlyneedtomakeplansfbrvaccineboosters”，orthirdshotsaimedatcombatingfadingimmunity.HetoldtheBBCthattheseshotsshouldbereservedforcertaingroups,andthatawidespreadboostercampaignwouldbea"hugewaste"and"ethicallydubious”..縝密構思將第1個要點進行總說，將第2、3、4三個要點進行分說。.遣詞造句AnewstudyhasfoundtheefficacyofCOVID-19vaccineswilldeclineastimegoesby.Thefindingisbackedbyotherstudies.However,theunscientificanalysisofdataandlimitationforlackofinformationregardingvaccineefficacyatseverediseasepreventionhavecastdoubtonthisfinding.Despitethese,itisrecommendedtoboostvaccineinjectionsamon