病理學(xué)炎癥精選圖片課件

Chapter4：InflammationDepartmentofPathologyPekingUniversityHealthScienceCenterZhengJieChapter4：DepartmentofPatholSkinblisterresultfromburningSerouseffusionaccumulatedwithinandunderneaththeepidermisofskinSkinblisterresultfromburniFuruncle（癤）Carbuncle（癰)Furuncle（癤）Carbuncle（癰)OutlinesofinflammationGeneralConsiderationsDefinition;Inflammatoryagents;Basicpathologicalchangesofinflammation;LocalandsystemicmanifestationsofInflammation

AcuteinflammationTheprocessofvascularandcellulareventsininflammation,InflammatorymediatorsTheclassificationandoutcomesofacuteinflammationChronicinflammationOutlinesofinflammationGeneraPart1

GeneralConsiderations

Part1

GeneralConsiderationsDefinitionInflammationisaprotective

responseintendedtoeliminatetheinitialcauseofcellinjuryaswellasthenecroticcellsandtissuesresultingfromtheoriginalinsult.DefinitionInflammationisaprComponentsofacuteandchronicinflammationComponentsofacuteandchroniInflammatoryagentsInfections(bacterial,viral,parasitic)andmicrobialtoxinsPhysicalagents(e.g.,irradiation,burns)andTrauma(bluntandpenetrating)Chemicalagents(someenvironmentalchemicals)IschemicandnecrotictissuesForeignparticle(dirt,sutures)AllergicreactionsInflammatoryagentsInfectionsThebasicpathologicalchangesAlteration(degeneration,necrosis)Exudation(hallmark,vascularchange,leukocytereaction,inflammatorymediators)Proliferation(parenchymalandstrmalcells)ThebasicpathologicalchangesExudationofplasmaproteinsExudationofplasmaproteinsExudateandtransudateCauseinflammationnon-inflammationGrosscloudyclearGravity>1.018<1.018Protein>30g/L<30g/LCellno.>100/mm3<100/mm3Coagulation+-Mucoprotein+-Exudateand病理學(xué)炎癥精選圖片課件LocalmanifestationsofInflammation

rubor(redness)tumor(swelling)calor(heat)dolor(pain)LocalmanifestationsofInflaFeverIncreasedacute-phaseproteinsLeukocytosisOthers:increasedpulseandbloodpressure;decreasedsweating;rigors;anorexiaSystemicmanifestationsofinflammation

FeverSystemicmanifestationsoPart2

Acuteinflammation

Part2Theprocessofacuteinflammation

VasculareventsCellulareventsMoleculareventsTheprocessofacuteinflammatVascularEventsChangesinvascularcaliberandflowTransientvasoconstrictionofarteriolesatthesiteofinjuryVasodilationofprecapillaryarteriolesthenincreasesbloodflowtothetissueIncreasedvascularpermeabilityVascularEventsChangesinvascThemajorlocalmanifestationsofacuteinflammation:(1)vasculardilation;(2)extravasationofplasmafluidandprotein;(3)leukocyteemigrationandaccumulationinthesiteofinjuryThemajorlocalmanifestations1)Recruitmentofleukocytestositesofinfectionandinjury2)Recognitionofmicrobesanddeadtissues3)Removaloftheoffendingagents4)Releaseofleukocyteproductsandleukocyte-mediatedtissueinjuryCellularEvents1)RecruitmentofleukocytestMargination,rollingandadhesiontoendotheliumLeukocytemigrationthroughendotheliumChemotaxisandactivation1)RecruitmentofleukocytestositesofinfectionandinjuryMargination,rollingandadhesThemultipleprocessofleukocytemigrationthroughbloodvessels.RobbinsandCotranPathologicBasisofDisease7theditionThemultipleprocessofleukoc

ChemotaxisAfterextravasatingfromtheblood,leukocytesmigratetowardsitesofinjuryalongachemicalgradientinaprocesscalledChemotaxis.ChemotacticFactorsincludingbacterialproducts,chemokines,C5a,leukotrieneB4ChemotaxisAfterextrav2)RecognitionofmicrobesLeukocytereceptorsandresponses2)RecognitionofmicrobesLeuk3)RemovaloftheoffendingagentsPhagocytosisEngulfmentKillinganddegradation3)RemovaloftheoffendingagRobbinsBasicPathologyA.Phagocytosis:AttachmentEngulfmentFusionwithlysosomesB.oxygen-dependentbactericidalmechanismRobbinsBasicPathologyA.Phag4)Releaseofleukocyteproductsandleukocyte-mediatedtissueinjury

Acuteinflammation:e.g.,acuterespiratorydistresssyndrome;acutetransplantrejection;reperfusioninjuryChronicinflammation:e.g.,arthritis;asthma;chroniclungdisease4)ReleaseofleukocyteproducInflammatoryMediatorFunctionofchemicalmediators:directingthevascularandcellulareventsininflammationCell-derivedorPlasma-derivedmediatorsActasacomplicatednetworkInflammatoryMediatorFunctionMediatorsSourcesActionsHistamineMastcells,basophils,plateletsVasodilation,increasedvascularpermeability,endothelialactivationSerotoninPlateletsVasodilation,increasedvascularpermeabilityProstaglandinsMastcells,leukocytesVasodilation,pain,feverLeukotrienesMastcells,leukocytesIncreasedvascularpermeability,chemotaxis,leukocyteadhesionandactivationPlatelet-activatingfactorLeukocytes,mastcellsVasodilation,increasedvascularpermeability,leukocyteadhesion,chemotaxis,degranulation,oxidativeburstReactiveoxygenspeciesLeukocytesKillingofmicrobes,tissuedamageNitricoxideEndothelium,macrophagesVascularsmoothmusclerelaxation,killingofmicrobesCytokines(TNF,IL-1)Macrophages,endothelialcells,mastcellsLocalendothelialactivation(expressionofadhesionmolecules),fever/pain/anorexia/hypotension,decreasedvascularresistance(shock)ChemokinesLeukocytes,activatedmacrophagesChemotaxis,leukocyteactivationCell-derivedmediatorsMediatorsSourcesGenerationofarachidonicacidmetabolitesandtheirrolesininflammation

RobbinsandCotranPathologicBasisofDisease7theditionGenerationofarachidonicacidRobbinsBasicPathologyMajoreffects

ofIL-1

andTNF

RobbinsBasicPathologyMajoreMediatorsSourcesActionsComplementproducts(C5a,C3a,C4a)Plasma(producedinliver)Leukocytechemotaxisandactivation,vasodilation(mastcellstimulation)KininsPlasma(producedinliver)Increasedvascularpermeability,smoothmusclecontraction,vasodilation,painProteasesactivatedduringcoagulationPlasma(producedinliver)Endothelialactivation,leukocyterecruitmentplasmaprotein-derivedmediatorsMediatorsSourcInterrelationshipsbetweenthefourplasmamediatorsInterrelationshipsbetweentheRoleinInflammationMediatorsVasodilationProstaglandins,Nitricoxide,HistamineIncreasedvascularpermeabilityHistamineandserotonin,C3aandC5a,Bradykinin

LeukotrienesC4,D4,E4,PAF,SubstancePChemotaxis,leukocyterecruitmentandactivationTNF,IL-1,Chemokines,C3a,C5a,LeukotrieneB4

FeverIL-1,TNF,ProstaglandinsPainProstaglandins,BradykininTissuedamageLysosomalenzymesofleukocytes,Reactiveoxygenspecies

NitricoxideRoleofMediatorsinInflammationRoleinInflammationMediatorsVInflammatoryMediatorVasodilatationVascularpermeabilityEDEMAVESOACTIVE

MEDIATORSHistamineBradykininC3aC5aLTPGPAFNOTISUEINJURYTraumaIschemiaNeoplasmInfectiousagentsForeignparticlePRODUCTIONOFINFLAMMATORYMEDIATORSCHEMOTACTICFACTORSC5aLTB4IL-8,TNFinflammatorycellsACUTEINFLAMMATION

Neutrophils,Platelets,MastcellCHRONICINFLAMMATIONMacrophages,Lymphocytes,Platelets

InflammatoryMediatorVasodilatClassificationofinflammationClinicalclassificationPathologicalclassificationClassificationofinflammationClinicalClassification

AcuteinflammationChronicinflammationClinicalClassificationCharacteristicsofAcuteInflammationShortduration:daystomonthsAcuteinjuriesinducedbyinflammatoryagentsExudation:fluid,plasmaproteins,neutrophilsAbscessformationCompleteresolutioncanbereachediftheinjuryislimitedorshort-livedSevereinjuryhealingbyscarformationSpreading:septicemia,pyemia,(metastaticabscess)ProgressiontochronicinflammationCharacteristicsofAcuteInfla

CharacteristicsofChronicInflammation

Longduration:monthstoyearsPersistentinfection,prolongedexposuretoharmfulagents

Prolongedtissuedestruction,lossofnormalstructureandfunction

chronicinflammatorycell

Infiltration:Macrophages,Lymphocytes,Plasmacellspersistentnewvesselregenerationandfibroblastproliferation:Resultinginfibrosis

CharacteristicsofChronicInPathologicalClassificationAlterationInflammation(acute)ExudationInflammation(acute)ProliferationInflammation(chronic)PathologicalClassificationAltViralhepatitis(hepatocytenecrosis)EpidemicTypeBEncephalitis(neuronalnecrosis)Poliomyelitis(neuronalnecrosis)AlterationInflammationViralhepatitis(hepatocyteneAlterationinflammation----ViralhepatitisAlterationinflammation----VirExudationInflammationSerousInflammationFibrinousInflammaionSuppurativeInflammationPhlegnomousInflammationSuperficialSuppurationAbscessHemorrhagicInflammationExudationInflammationSerousISerousInflammationFeatures:Outpouringofawatery,relativelyprotein-poorfluid(effusion,with3%-5%plasmaproteins,Albumin)Location:Mucosa,bodycavities(peritoneal,pleural&pericardialcavities),LooseconnectivetissuesPathologicchanges:Inflammatoryedema,blister,hydrops,CatarrhOutcome:completeresolutionSerousInflammationFeatures:OSerousInflammationSerousInflammation病理學(xué)炎癥精選圖片課件FibrinousInflammationCauses:Moresevereinjuriescanresultingreatervascularpermeability.

Largermolecules(esp.fibrinogen)comeoutthroughtheendothelialcells.Pathologicchanges:Eosinophilicmeshworkofthreadsorsometimesasanamorphouscoagulum.Location:Mucosa,pericardium,peritonium,bodycavities,LungExudationInflammationFibrinousInflammationCauses:FibrinousInflammationPathologicchanges:

Mucosa:PseudomembraneousPericardium:ShaggyheartLung:lobarpneumonia

Outcome:Resolution:RestorenormaltissuestructureOrganization:scarformationExudationInflammationFibrinousInflammationPatholog

FibrinousInflammationofLarynx&Tracheaduetodiphtheria

FibrinousInflammationofLarFibrinousInflammationofIntestine

Pseudomembrane(BacillaryDysentery)FibrinousInflammationofInteFibrinousInflammationofPericardialCavityFibrinousInflammationofPeri病理學(xué)炎癥精選圖片課件PulmonaryCarnificationAdhesivePleuritisPulmonaryCarnificationAdhesivSuppurativeorPurulentInflammationFeatures:Thepresenceoflargenumberofneutrophilsandvaryingdegreesoftissuenecrosisandpusformation.Causes:Pyogenic(pus-producing)bacteriasubclass:SuperficialSuppuration,Abscess,PhlegmonousInflammationExudationInflammationSuppurativeorPurulentInflaAbscessDefinition:Focallocalizedcollectionsofpurulentinflammatorytissuescausedbysuppurationburiedinatissue,anorgan,oraconfinedspace.Reason:adeepseedingofpyogenicbacteriaintoatissueFeatures:Massofnecroticneutrophilsandtissuecells(pus)inthecentralpart,surroundingiscellularproliferation.ExudationInflammationAbscessDefinition:Focallocal

AbscessofLungAbscessofLungAbscessofliver

AbscessofcerebrumExudationInflammationAbscessofliverAbscessAbscessofSkinFuruncle：thelocalizedsuppurativeinflammationofhaircyst,sebaceousgland&surroundingtissues.Carbuncle：Fusionofquiteafewfuruncles.CausedbyStaphylococciExudationInflammationAbscessofSkinFuruncle：thSuperficialSuppurationLocation:Mucosa,SerosalMembrane.

Features:Pusformation,SuppurativeCatarrh,Empyema(積膿)Examples:Gallbladder,Fallopiantube,Suppurativemeningitis.ExudationInflammationSuperficialSuppurationLocatioEmpyemaofFallopianTubeEmpyemaofFallopianTubeSuppurativemeningitis

(subarachnoidempyema)Suppurativemeningitis

(subaraPhlegmonousInflammationLocation:Looseconnectivetissues:Appendix,Skin.Examples:PhlegmonousappendicitisFeatures:largenumbersofneutrophilsinfiltration.Outcome:healwithoutsequelaeExudationInflammationPhlegmonousInflammationLocatiAcutephlegmonousappendicitisExudationInflammationAcutephlegmonousappendicitisErysipelasAnacutediseaseoftheskinandsubcutaneoustissuecausedbyaspeciesofhemolyticstreptococcusandmarkedbylocalizedinflammationandfever.Alsocalled:SaintAnthony'sfireExudationInflammationErysipelasAnacutediseaseofHemorrhagicInflammation

Features:largenumbersofRBCintheexudation.

Generally:It’snotanindependentinflammation

Insomeinstances:epidemichemorrhagicfever、leptospirosis(鉤端螺旋體病)andplague(鼠疫)ExudationInflammationHemorrhagicInflammationFeatuTheOutcomesofAcuteInflammationResolutionProgressiontochronicinflammationDisseminationLocalspreadLymphaticspreadHematogenousspreadTheOutcomesofAcuteInflamma

EventsinthecompleteresolutionofinflammationReturntonormalvascularpermeabilityRemovaloffluidandproteinMacrophagepinocytosisPhagocytosisbyneutrophilsNecroticdebrisbymacrophagesEventualexodusbymacrophagesEventsinthecompleteSinusUlcerFistulaOutcomesofSuppurativeInflammationSinusUlcerFistulaOutcomesofSulcerulcerHematogenousSpreadofAcuteInflammationBacteremia:bacteriaentersystemiccirculationToxemia：

ToxinsentersystemiccirculationSepticemia:bacteriareproduceinsystemiccirculation,releaseendotoxin,inducesystemicmanifestrationsPyemia：sepicemiaresultsfrompyegenicbacteria,embolicabscessesoccurinmultipleorgansHematogenousSpreadofAcuteIMultipleEmbolicAbscessesofKidneyMultipleEmbolicAbscessesofPart3Chronicinflammation

Part3ProliferationinflammationCharacterizedbycellularproliferationparenchymalcellproliferationmesenchymalcellproliferationlymphoidtissueproliferationgranulomatoueinflammationproliferationofmacrophageanditsderivativesInflammatorypseudotumorInflammatorypolypProliferationinflammationChChronicinflammationinlungChronicinflammationinlungGranulomatousInflammationDefinition:Distinctivepatternofchronicinflammationcharacterizedbyaggregatesofactivatedmacophagesthatassumeasquamouscell-likeappearance(epithelioidcell)Macrophagederivatives:Foamycell,epithelioidcell,typhoidcell,Aschoffcell,multinucleargiantcell(Langhans’giantcell,foreignbodygiantcell)GranulomatousInflammationDeGranulomatousInflammationTuberculosisTubercleLeparosyTuberculoidgranulomaSyphilisGumma(syphiloma)TyphoidFeverTyphoidnodule(typhoidgranuloma)SarcoidosisNoncaseatingEpithelioidgranulomaCrohnDiseaseNoncaseatingEpithelioidgranulomaRheumaticfeverAschoffbodyCat-scratchdisease

GranulomatousInflammationTube

ActivatedMacrophagesinGranulomasSpecialtypeofMacrophage

Epithelioidcells:Tuberculosis,Sarcoidosis,Crohndisease,LeparosyTyphoidcellsTyphoidfeverAschoffcellsRheumaticfeverMultinucleargiantcellsLanghanscells:TuberculosisForeignbodygiantcells:ForeignbodygranulomaChronicInflammation

ActivatedMacrophagesinGran

Centralfocus:Caseousnecrosis

Surrounding:EpithelioidcellsLanghansgaintcells

Rim:LymphocytesFibroblastsTubercle/

TuberculousGranulomaCentralfocus:Tubercle/

Tube病理學(xué)炎癥精選圖片課件ForeignbodygiantcellsForeignbodygiantcellsInflammatoryPseudotumorTumor-likeproliferationoflocaltissues(parenchymal,stromal,eveninflammatorycells)resultingfromchronicinflammationItisnotarealtumorOccurintheorbit,lung,liver

andspleenChronicInflammationInflammatoryPseudotumorTumor-InflammatoryPolypPolypoidlesionofmucosaresultfromChronicinflammationcomposedofmucosalglands,granulationtissue,andinflammatorycells.Commonlyseeninnasal,cervical&colorectalmucosa.ChronicInflammationInflammatoryPolypPolypoidlesCausesandoutcomesofacuteandchronicinflammation

CausesandoutcomesofacuteaChapter4：InflammationDepartmentofPathologyPekingUniversityHealthScienceCenterZhengJieChapter4：DepartmentofPatholSkinblisterresultfromburningSerouseffusionaccumulatedwithinandunderneaththeepidermisofskinSkinblisterresultfromburniFuruncle（癤）Carbuncle（癰)Furuncle（癤）Carbuncle（癰)OutlinesofinflammationGeneralConsiderationsDefinition;Inflammatoryagents;Basicpathologicalchangesofinflammation;LocalandsystemicmanifestationsofInflammation

AcuteinflammationTheprocessofvascularandcellulareventsininflammation,InflammatorymediatorsTheclassificationandoutcomesofacuteinflammationChronicinflammationOutlinesofinflammationGeneraPart1

GeneralConsiderations

Part1

GeneralConsiderationsDefinitionInflammationisaprotective

responseintendedtoeliminatetheinitialcauseofcellinjuryaswellasthenecroticcellsandtissuesresultingfromtheoriginalinsult.DefinitionInflammationisaprComponentsofacuteandchronicinflammationComponentsofacuteandchroniInflammatoryagentsInfections(bacterial,viral,parasitic)andmicrobialtoxinsPhysicalagents(e.g.,irradiation,burns)andTrauma(bluntandpenetrating)Chemicalagents(someenvironmentalchemicals)IschemicandnecrotictissuesForeignparticle(dirt,sutures)AllergicreactionsInflammatoryagentsInfectionsThebasicpathologicalchangesAlteration(degeneration,necrosis)Exudation(hallmark,vascularchange,leukocytereaction,inflammatorymediators)Proliferation(parenchymalandstrmalcells)ThebasicpathologicalchangesExudationofplasmaproteinsExudationofplasmaproteinsExudateandtransudateCauseinflammationnon-inflammationGrosscloudyclearGravity>1.018<1.018Protein>30g/L<30g/LCellno.>100/mm3<100/mm3Coagulation+-Mucoprotein+-Exudateand病理學(xué)炎癥精選圖片課件LocalmanifestationsofInflammation

rubor(redness)tumor(swelling)calor(heat)dolor(pain)LocalmanifestationsofInflaFeverIncreasedacute-phaseproteinsLeukocytosisOthers:increasedpulseandbloodpressure;decreasedsweating;rigors;anorexiaSystemicmanifestationsofinflammation

FeverSystemicmanifestationsoPart2

Acuteinflammation

Part2Theprocessofacuteinflammation

VasculareventsCellulareventsMoleculareventsTheprocessofacuteinflammatVascularEventsChangesinvascularcaliberandflowTransientvasoconstrictionofarteriolesatthesiteofinjuryVasodilationofprecapillaryarteriolesthenincreasesbloodflowtothetissueIncreasedvascularpermeabilityVascularEventsChangesinvascThemajorlocalmanifestationsofacuteinflammation:(1)vasculardilation;(2)extravasationofplasmafluidandprotein;(3)leukocyteemigrationandaccumulationinthesiteofinjuryThemajorlocalmanifestations1)Recruitmentofleukocytestositesofinfectionandinjury2)Recognitionofmicrobesanddeadtissues3)Removaloftheoffendingagents4)Releaseofleukocyteproductsandleukocyte-mediatedtissueinjuryCellularEvents1)RecruitmentofleukocytestMargination,rollingandadhesiontoendotheliumLeukocytemigrationthroughendotheliumChemotaxisandactivation1)RecruitmentofleukocytestositesofinfectionandinjuryMargination,rollingandadhesThemultipleprocessofleukocytemigrationthroughbloodvessels.RobbinsandCotranPathologicBasisofDisease7theditionThemultipleprocessofleukoc

ChemotaxisAfterextravasatingfromtheblood,leukocytesmigratetowardsitesofinjuryalongachemicalgradientinaprocesscalledChemotaxis.ChemotacticFactorsincludingbacterialproducts,chemokines,C5a,leukotrieneB4ChemotaxisAfterextrav2)RecognitionofmicrobesLeukocytereceptorsandresponses2)RecognitionofmicrobesLeuk3)RemovaloftheoffendingagentsPhagocytosisEngulfmentKillinganddegradation3)RemovaloftheoffendingagRobbinsBasicPathologyA.Phagocytosis:AttachmentEngulfmentFusionwithlysosomesB.oxygen-dependentbactericidalmechanismRobbinsBasicPathologyA.Phag4)Releaseofleukocyteproductsandleukocyte-mediatedtissueinjury

Acuteinflammation:e.g.,acuterespiratorydistresssyndrome;acutetransplantrejection;reperfusioninjuryChronicinflammation:e.g.,arthritis;asthma;chroniclungdisease4)ReleaseofleukocyteproducInflammatoryMediatorFunctionofchemicalmediators:directingthevascularandcellulareventsininflammationCell-derivedorPlasma-derivedmediatorsActasacomplicatednetworkInflammatoryMediatorFunctionMediatorsSourcesActionsHistamineMastcells,basophils,plateletsVasodilation,increasedvascularpermeability,endothelialactivationSerotoninPlateletsVasodilation,increasedvascularpermeabilityProstaglandinsMastcells,leukocytesVasodilation,pain,feverLeukotrienesMastcells,leukocytesIncreasedvascularpermeability,chemotaxis,leukocyteadhesionandactivationPlatelet-activatingfactorLeukocytes,mastcellsVasodilation,increasedvascularpermeability,leukocyteadhesion,chemotaxis,degranulation,oxidativeburstReactiveoxygenspeciesLeukocytesKillingofmicrobes,tissuedamageNitricoxideEndothelium,macrophagesVascularsmoothmusclerelaxation,killingofmicrobesCytokines(TNF,IL-1)Macrophages,endothelialcells,mastcellsLocalendothelialactivation(expressionofadhesionmolecules),fever/pain/anorexia/hypotension,decreasedvascularresistance(shock)ChemokinesLeukocytes,activatedmacrophagesChemotaxis,leukocyteactivationCell-derivedmediatorsMediatorsSourcesGenerationofarachidonicacidmetabolitesandtheirrolesininflammation

RobbinsandCotranPathologicBasisofDisease7theditionGenerationofarachidonicacidRobbinsBasicPathologyMajoreffects

ofIL-1

andTNF

RobbinsBasicPathologyMajoreMediatorsSourcesActionsComplementproducts(C5a,C3a,C4a)Plasma(producedinliver)Leukocytechemotaxisandactivation,vasodilation(mastcellstimulation)KininsPlasma(producedinliver)Increasedvascularpermeability,smoothmusclecontraction,vasodilation,painProteasesactivatedduringcoagulationPlasma(producedinliver)Endothelialactivation,leukocyterecruitmentplasmaprotein-derivedmediatorsMediatorsSourcInterrelationshipsbetweenthefourplasmamediatorsInterrelationshipsbetweentheRoleinInflammationMediatorsVasodilationProstaglandins,Nitricoxide,HistamineIncreasedvascularpermeabilityHistamineandserotonin,C3aandC5a,Bradykinin

LeukotrienesC4,D4,E4,PAF,SubstancePChemotaxis,leukocyterecruitmentandactivationTNF,IL-1,Chemokines,C3a,C5a,LeukotrieneB4

FeverIL-1,TNF,ProstaglandinsPainProstaglandins,BradykininTissuedamageLysosomalenzymesofleukocytes,Reactiveoxygenspecies

NitricoxideRoleofMediatorsinInflammationRoleinInflammationMediatorsVInflammatoryMediatorVasodilatationVascularpermeabilityEDEMAVESOACTIVE

MEDIATORSHistamineBradykininC3aC5aLTPGPAFNOTISUEINJURYTraumaIschemiaNeoplasmInfectiousagentsForeignparticlePRODUCTIONOFINFLAMMATORYMEDIATORSCHEMOTACTICFACTORSC5aLTB4IL-8,TNFinflammatorycellsACUTEINFLAMMATION

Neutrophils,Platelets,MastcellCHRONICINFLAMMATIONMacrophages,Lymphocytes,Platelets

InflammatoryMediatorVasodilatClassificationofinflammationClinicalclassificationPathologicalclassificationClassificationofinflammationClinicalClassification

AcuteinflammationChronicinflammationClinicalClassificationCharacteristicsofAcuteInflammationShortduration:daystomonthsAcuteinjuriesinducedbyinflammatoryagentsExudation:fluid,plasmaproteins,neutrophilsAbscessformationCompleteresolutioncanbereachediftheinjuryislimitedorshort-livedSevereinjuryhealingbyscarformationSpreading:septicemia,pyemia,(metastaticabscess)ProgressiontochronicinflammationCharacteristicsofAcuteInfla

CharacteristicsofChronicInflammation

Longduration:monthstoyearsPersistentinfection,prolongedexposuretoharmfulagents

Prolongedtissuedestruction,lossofnormalstructureandfunction

chronicinflammatorycell

Infiltration:Macrophages,Lymphocytes,Plasmacellspersistentnewvesselregenerationandfibroblastproliferation:Resultinginfibrosis

CharacteristicsofChronicInPathologicalClassificationAlterationInflammation(acute)ExudationInflammation(acute)ProliferationInflammation(chronic)PathologicalClassificationAltViralhepatitis(hepatocytenecrosis)EpidemicTypeBEncephalitis(neuronalnecrosis)Poliomyelitis(neuronalnecrosis)AlterationInflammationViralhepatitis(hepatocyteneAlterationinflammation----ViralhepatitisAlterationinflammation----VirExudationInflammationSerousInflammationFibrinousInflammaionSuppurativeInflammationPhlegnomousInflammationSuperficialSuppurationAbscessHemorrhagicInflammationExudationInflammationSerousISerousInflammationFeatures:Outpouringofawatery,relativelyprotein-poorfluid(effusion,with3%-5%plasmaproteins,Albumin)Location:Mucosa,bodycavities(peritoneal,pleural&pericardialcavities),LooseconnectivetissuesPathologicchanges:Inflammatoryedema,blister,hydrops,CatarrhOutcome:completeresolutionSerousInflammationFeatures:OSerousInflammationSerousInflammation病理學(xué)炎癥精選圖片課件FibrinousInflammationCauses:Moresevereinjuriescanresultingreatervascularpermeability.

Largermolecules(esp.fibrinogen)comeoutthroughtheendothelialcells.Pathologicchanges:Eosinophilicmeshworkofthread