產(chǎn)能管理知識講座課件

產(chǎn)能管理

(CapacityManagement)Ahua.liao1產(chǎn)能管理

(CapacityManagement)AhuaOutline生產(chǎn)環(huán)境演變與相關(guān)管理工具之關(guān)係製造環(huán)境分類製造規(guī)劃及控制系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)產(chǎn)能管理相關(guān)概念粗估產(chǎn)能規(guī)劃(RCCP)產(chǎn)能需求規(guī)劃(CRP)投入/產(chǎn)出規(guī)劃及控制(I/OPlanning&Control)作業(yè)排程(OperationSequencing)結(jié)論2Outline生產(chǎn)環(huán)境演變與相關(guān)管理工具之關(guān)係2CompetitivePriority1950~1960Cost1970~1980Quality1990~2000Delivery、Flexibility、ServiceGlobal-wise3CompetitivePriority1950~19603CompetitivePriority手工藝時代大量生產(chǎn)豐田生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)及時生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)零庫存生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)世界級製造成本品質(zhì)彈性交期1920195019601970198019902000服務(wù)、創(chuàng)新、全球化4CompetitivePriority手工藝時代大量生產(chǎn)豐PlanningEvolutionMRPMRPIIERP1970198019902000APS5PlanningEvolutionMRPMRPIIERPMRP-1960’sand70’sMaterialRequirementsPlanningMasterProductionSchedulingUnconstrainedDemandSupply6MRP-1960’sand70’sMaterialReMRPII-1980’sUnconstrainedManufacturingPlanningandControl,withmanualprocessesto“closetheloop”CapacityManagementFinancialIntegration7MRPII-1980’sUnconstrained7ERP-1990’sAnaccounting-orientedinformationsystemforidentifyingandplanningtheenterprise-wideresourcesneededtotake,make,ship,andaccountforcustomerorders.[APICSdictionary]8ERP-1990’sAnaccounting-orienTheVisionTheDeliveryMRPMRPIIERPExtendedERPReducedinventorythrough“infinite”manufacturingplanningReducedinventory,fewerstock-outsandaccuratefinancialrecordsthrough“infinite”manufacturingplanningandperiodictransactionprocessing.Customerfocused,dynamicallybalancedenterprisethroughassetoptimizationandreal-timetransactionprocessing.Customerfocused,dynamicallybalancedvaluenetworkthroughassetoptimizationandreal-timetransactionprocessing.MRPMRPIIMRPII(plus)SupplyChainSourceGartnerGroupThevisionofERPisEvolvingtoincludetheExtendedEnterprise9TheVisionTheDeliveryMRPMRPI資訊系統(tǒng)之演進(jìn)MRPI--1960~1980生產(chǎn)者導(dǎo)向大量生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品以價格及功能取勝生產(chǎn)成本降低整合：MPS及BOMMRPII--1980~1990消費(fèi)者導(dǎo)向少樣多量生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品以多樣化及高品質(zhì)取勝生產(chǎn)彈性及消除浪廢整合：製造、行銷、財(cái)務(wù)、人事、專案ERP/SCM

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1990~消費(fèi)者導(dǎo)向大量客製化快速反應(yīng)市場需求跨地區(qū)、跨幣別的即時、整合資訊10資訊系統(tǒng)之演進(jìn)MRPI--1960~198010資訊系統(tǒng)資料來源:資策會MICITIS計(jì)畫11資訊系統(tǒng)資料來源:資策會MICITIS計(jì)畫11企業(yè)應(yīng)用軟體演變趨勢E-Business(電子企業(yè)環(huán)境)ESCM(延伸型供應(yīng)鏈管理)EERP(延伸型企業(yè)資源規(guī)畫)E-Commerce(電子商務(wù))SFA(銷售自動化)CRM(客戶關(guān)係管理)SCM(供應(yīng)鏈管理)ERP(企業(yè)資源規(guī)畫)MRP(物料需求規(guī)劃)Payroll(薪資系統(tǒng))GL(總帳會計(jì))AP(應(yīng)收帳款系統(tǒng))AR(應(yīng)付帳款系統(tǒng))197019902000EDI(電子資訊交換)Planning(計(jì)劃)Scheduling(排程)Distribution

(配銷)MRPII(製造需求規(guī)劃)HR(人力資源)FMIS(財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng))1980資料來源：HP簡報(bào)12企業(yè)應(yīng)用軟體演變趨勢E-BusinessE-CommerceE-BusinessApplicationArchitecture=e-commerceE-business+ERP+SCM+MES/MCS+KM+CRMCustomerEmployeeSupplierE-ProcurementCustomerRelationshipManagementEnterpriseApplicationsIntegrationManufacturingExecutionManufacturingControlKnowledgeManagementSupplyChainManagementEnterpriseResourcePlanningSellingChainManagement13E-BusinessApplicationArchite製造環(huán)境分類以製造策略分類JobShop(零工型)Repetitive(重複型)Batch(批量型)FlowShop(流線型)以產(chǎn)品定位策略分類Engineering-to-orderMake-to-orderAssemble-to-orderMake-to-stock14製造環(huán)境分類以製造策略分類14製造環(huán)境RepetitiveproductionProductJobshopFlow

shopCustomLowvolumedifferentiatedHighvolumedifferentiatedCommoditySpecialtychemicals

anddrugsAerospaceIndustrialmachineryMachinetoolsElectricalandelectronicsPaperContainersBrewersAutomobile

Tireandrubber

SteelproductsMajorchemicalsanddrugsOil

Steel

ForestproductsProcessSource:Tayloretal.,hytheProcessIndustriesAreDifferent,?ProductionandInventoryManagementJournal,1981.One-of-a-kindPERT/CPMMRP;CRPMRP;LineBalancingJIT15製造環(huán)境RepetitiveproductionProduManufacturingSystemModelBusinessPlanningSalesPlanningProductionPlanningMPSMRPDemandManagementFinancePlanningResourceRequirementsPlanningRough-CutCapacityPlanningCapacityRequirementsPlanningPurchasingProductionActivityControlMidTermLong-TermShort-TermInventoryManagementInput/OutputControl16ManufacturingSystemModelBusiCapacityManagementinMPSSystemResource

requirements

planningRough-cut

capacity

planningCapacity

requirements

planningPurchasingMaterial

requirements

planningMessageto

BUYorMAKEProductionactivitycontrolMaster

production

schedulingProductionplanningInput/OutputanalysisOperationSequencing17CapacityManagementinMPSSysCapacityPlanningandControlPriorityCapacityPlanningControlPPMPSMRPRRPRCCPCRPInput/OutputControlOperationSequencing18CapacityPlanningandControlPCapacityDefinitionTherateatwhichworkiswithdrawfromthesystem.Thehighestreasonableoutputratewhichcanbeachievedwiththecurrentproductspecifications,productmix,workforce,plant,andequipment.[APICSdictionary]19CapacityDefinitionTherateatCapacityManagementThefunctionofestablishing,measuring,monitoring,andadjustinglimitsorlevelsofcapacityinordertoexecuteallmanufacturingschedules.[APICSdictionary]Includecapacityplanningcapacitycontrol20CapacityManagementThefunctioWorkCenterandLoadWorkCenterAspecificproductionfacility,consistingofoneormorepeopleand/ormachines,whichcanbeconsideredasonunitforpurposesofcapacityrequirementsplanninganddetailedscheduling.[APICSdictionary]LoadTheamountofscheduledworkaheadofamanufacturingfacility,usuallyexpressedintermsofhoursofworkorunitsofproduction.[APICSdictionary]21WorkCenterandLoadWorkCenteWight’sFunnelCAPACITYLOADOUTPUT22Wight’sFunnelCAPACITYLOADOUTPCapacityandLoad[APICS]CapacityLoad(每一作業(yè)之Setup及runtimes)工程研發(fā)工單PM重工工單計(jì)劃工單已發(fā)放工單加班及外包考慮人員,設(shè)施,之a(chǎn)vailablehours及TimeEfficiencyRate減項(xiàng)

Breaks,Downtime,ReworkAbsenteeism,Daily,Maintenance,Other23CapacityandLoad[APICS]CapacCapacityPlanningTermsLoadAvailableWeekHoursperresourceCapacityPlanningTermsLoadAvaCapacityUtilizationScenariosLoadAvailableLoadAvailableLoadAvailableBalancedUnderloadedOverloadedCapacityUtilizationScenariosDeterminingCapacityAvailableDemonstrated(Measured)Capacitytheaveragerecentoutputactuallyachieved,isfiguredfromhistoricaldataisdefinedasaverageoutput,notmaxoutputRated(Calculated)Capacityavailablehours×utilization×efficiency26DeterminingCapacityAvailable6%6%62%13%13%BreaksR.MaintenanceRunTimeUn-utilizedbutscheduledtimeSetupTimeUtilizationActualtimeused(runandsetup)ScheduledtimeintendedforproductionUtilization=Ameasureofhowintensivelyaresourceisbeingused….276%6%62%13%13%BreaksR.MaintenaUtilizationExample:

Breaks:20minutespershift Routinemaintenance:10minutespershift Runtimecharged:6hours Setuptime:0.5hour Utilization=

28UtilizationExample:28EfficiencyAmeasureofhowcloselypredeterminedstandardsareachieved.Actualoutput(standardhoursearned)Standardoutputexpected(scheduled)efficiency=29EfficiencyAmeasureofhowcloEfficiencyExample:

Workcenter:3machines,two8-hrsshifts,fivedaysaweek Breakdown:12hrsperweekUtilization=

recordsindicatethattheworkcenterproducedanaverageof250.8sta.Hoursofoutput.Efficiency=Capacity=

30EfficiencyExample:30CapacityDeterminationShiftperDay

MachinesorWorkStationsHoursperShiftDaysperWeekUtilizationEfficiency=StandardHoursperWeekEx:

Shifts=3ShiftLength=8hrs5DaysperWeekNumberofMachines=6MachineUtilization=.8Efficiency=.931CapacityDeterminationShiftpeRough-CutCapacityPlanningTheneedforlongplanninghorizonsandthelackofspecific,accuratedataformanyimportantfactorsmakeRCCPtechniquesmorepracticalthandetailedcalculationsAcapacityplanshouldnotbedeferred;rough-cutapproachesareverypractical32Rough-CutCapacityPlanningTheBillofResource(BillofLabor)資源清單(BOR;BOL)乃針對製造料件或零件群時，所需之主要關(guān)鍵資源的產(chǎn)能需求條列。不是為了作為途程(Routing)用途。只是一種估計(jì)特定料項(xiàng)所需產(chǎn)能的方法。33BillofResource(BillofLaboRCCPProcedureConvertingunitsofproductintheMPStostandardhoursofworkinindividualcentersToaccumulateineachperiodintheMPSthetotalhoursofworkrequiredtoproduceallproductsscheduledinthatperiodnoLToffsettingnolot-sizingnosignificantchangesininventoriesofitems34RCCPProcedureConvertingunitsRoutingforProductXProductXSEQ

WorkCenter

UsageOP11 0.1hrs/pcOP22 0.5hrs/pc12438765PERIODSPlannedOrderReleasedProductX100508010040609035RoutingforProductXProductXRoutingforAssy-01Assy-0112438765PERIODSPlannedOrderReleasedAssy-01SEQ

WorkCenter

UsageOP12 0.2hrs/pcOP23 0.8hrs/pc100508020018040609036RoutingforAssy-01Assy-011243ResourceLoadProfileWorkCenter205010015020025012345678PeriodLoadOthersAssy-01ProXCapacity37ResourceLoadProfileWorkCentBOMforFG38BOMforFG38ItemMasterFilesforFG39ItemMasterFilesforFG39RoutingFilesforFG40RoutingFilesforFG40WorkCenterMasterFiles41WorkCenterMasterFiles41MPSforPart10042MPSforPart10042RCCP-ProcessTimeComputation43RCCP-ProcessTimeComputation4RCCP-BORComputation44RCCP-BORComputation44RoughCutCapacityRequirements45RoughCutCapacityRequirementRCCP46RCCP46RCCPA11A12A22A21WC1WC2P1P2B11B12B22B21P1P2M1M2C11C12C22C21WC1WC2M1M2RCCPMPSBOR47RCCPA11A12A22A21WC1WC2P1P2B11BBackwardandForwardSchedulingOPNOPN-1OP1………ForwardschedulingBackwardschedulingOrderDueDateOrderStartDateOPN-148BackwardandForwardSchedulinInfiniteandFiniteLoadingInfiniteFiniteCapacityCapacity49InfiniteandFiniteLoadingInfCRPDefinitionThefunctionofestablishing,measuring,andadjustinglimitsorlevelofcapacityTheprocessofdeterminingindetailtheamountoflaborandmachineresourcesrequiredtoaccomplishthetasksofproduction[APICSDictionary]50CRPDefinitionThefunctionofCapacityRequirementsPlanningCapacityRequirementsPlanningPlannedordersReleasedordersRoutingWorkcenterWorkcenterloadreportRevisedschedule51CapacityRequirementsPlanningManufacturingOrderandRoutingManufacturingOrder(WorkOrder)Adocument,groupofdocuments,orscheduleidentityconveyingauthorityforthemanufactureofspecifiedpartsorproductsinspecifiedquantities.[APICSdictionary]RoutingAsetofinformationdetailingthemethodofmanufactureofaparticularitem.Itincludestheoperationstobeperformed,theirsequence,thevariousworkcenterstobeinvolved,andthestandardsforsetupandrun(times).[APICSdictionary]52ManufacturingOrderandRoutinInputsNeededforCRPOpenOrderFilePlannedOrderReleasesRoutingFileoperationstobeperformedsequenceofoperationsworkcenterstobeusedpossiblealternateworkcenterstoolingneededateachoperationstandardtimes:setuptimes,runtimesWorkCenterFilemovetime,waittime,queuetimeShopCalendar53InputsNeededforCRPOpenOrdLeadTimeManufacturingLTqueue,setup,process,wait,moveAverageQ(SU+RT)1+(SU+RT)2+…+(SU+RT)nqueuesetupprocesswaitmove12nW/C……..WIP54LeadTimeManufacturingLTqueueExpectedQueueingTimeActivationQueueingTime0.80.840.880.920.961.00Assumption:M/M/1queueingsystemE(Q)=a/[s(a-s)];a:ave.arrivalrate;s:ave.servicerateActivation=a/s55ExpectedQueueingTimeActivatiARevisedDefinitionofCapacityAvailableCapacityavailable=TimeavailableEfficiencyAvailabilityActivationAvailability1-thefractionoftimedownduetomachinebreakdownand/orabsenteeismActivation1-thefractionofdownduetolackofworkUTILIZATION56ARevisedDefinitionofCapaciHowLoadIsDetermined?TheproductionplanlongrangerateofproductionTheMPSdriveMRPMRPgenerateplannedordersreleased(open)ordersCRP(capacityrequirementsplanning)calculatesstdhoursrequired,byW/C,bytimeperiod,basedonplannedandopenorders57HowLoadIsDetermined?TheproLoadDeterminationOpenOrders(fromorderfilestatusfilemaintainedbyproductioncontrol)orderduedateorderquantityoperationscompletedoperationremainingMRP-plannedOrderReleases(fromMRP’soutput)plannedorderreleasedateplannedorderreceiptdateplannedquantity58LoadDeterminationOpenOrdersDataRequirementsforCRPValidduedatesonallreleasedandplannedordersUp-to-dateroutingsandprocessinginformationAccuratestandardsforsetupandprocessingtimeAschedulingprogramtohandlealloperationsAloadingprogramtoassignworktotimeperiodsStandardqueueallowancesforallworkcentersEstimatesofloadduetounplannedoccurrences59DataRequirementsforCRPValidMRPforFG60MRPforFG60CRPComputationSetuptimecomputationforplannedorderRuntimecomputationforplannedorderSetuptimecomputationforopenorderRuntimecomputationforopenorderCRPloadreport61CRPComputationSetuptimecompPlannedOrderReleases62PlannedOrderReleases62SetupTimeMatricesforFG63SetupTimeMatricesforFG63RunTimeMatricesforFG64RunTimeMatricesforFG64CapacityReq.ofPlannedReleases65CapacityReq.ofPlannedReleaCapacityReq.byReleasedOrders66CapacityReq.byReleasedOrdeCapacityRequirementsPlanforFG67CapacityRequirementsPlanforCRP68CRP68W/CCapacityvs.AverageLoadTheformalplandoesnotincludealltheloaditwillbenecessarytohandlenewproductsnotinthecurrentMPSuseofalternateroutingsandprocessingscrapreplenishmentandreworkoperationsadditionalprocessingneededforanyreasonrecorderrorsresultinginadditionalmaterialrequirementsSomeoftheloadmustremaininthecentertoprovidetheplannedstandardqueue69W/CCapacityvs.AverageLoadInput/OutputControlInputRateControlOutputRateControlQueue(WIP,Load)70Input/OutputControlInputRateInput/OutputControlInput/Outputcontrolisamethodtomanagequeuesandwork-in-processleadtimesInput/OutputControlReportWeekEnding:06/0606/1306/2006/2707/0307/1007/17InputPlanned182203172178193205208Actual197180168191189CumDeviation15-8-121-3OutputPlanned207207207207207207207Actual213202206210212CumDeviation61038QueueBegging:300hrsPlanned275271236207193191192Actual28426222420518271Input/OutputControlInput/OutpDefinitionPlannedInputWorkexpectedtoarrivebytimeperiodbasedonCRPconstraintsexpressedinstandardhoursorothercommonunitofmeasurePlannedOutputWorktobereducedbytimeperiodtoreducequeue,planoutputgreaterthaninputmakecapacityavailable72DefinitionPlannedInput72DefinitionPlannedQueueBeginningqueue+plannedinput-plannedoutputweekending06/06:300+182-207=275weekending06/13:275+203-207=271continuingforeachsucceedingweekActualInputWorkarrivingatworkcenterbytimeperiod,sameunitofmeasureobtainedfromreportingsystemsormanuallogsaffectedbyreleasestoshop,flowfromprioroperations73DefinitionPlannedQueue73DefinitionActualInputWorkarrivingatworkcenterbytimeperiod,sameunitofmeasureobtainedfromreportingsystemsormanuallogsaffectedbyreleasestoshop,flowfromprioroperationsActualOutputStandardhoursproducedduringeachperiodfromreportingsystemsormanuallogsaffectedbyresources,efficiency,workload74DefinitionActualInput74DefinitionActualQueueBegging(orpriorperiod)queue+actualinput-actualoutputweekending06/06:300+197-213=284verifiedperiodicallytoconfirmaccuracyofinputandoutputdataControlmeasureactualtoplanactualoutputvs.plannedoutputactualoutputvs.actualinputactualinputvs.plannedinput75DefinitionActualQueue75Input/OutputComparisonsActualoutputplannedoutputQueues,LTnotenoughinput?Insufficientcapacity?Actualoutputplannedoutputmayrunoutofwork,excesscapacityActualinputplannedinputmayrunoutofworkfeedingw/cbehindschedule,lateorder76Input/OutputComparisonsActualInput/OutputComparisonsActualinputplannedinputworkreleasedearly,queue<feedingw/caheadofscheduleActualoutputactualinputworkreleasedearly,queue<notenoughcapacityActualoutputactualinputworkreleasedlate,mayrunoutofworkfeedingw/cbehindschedule,idlecapacity,lateorder77Input/OutputComparisonsActualDispatchingRulesFirstcome,firstserved(FCFS)EarliestJobDueDate(EDD)EarliestOperationDueDate(ODD)OperationstartdatesCriticalratios(CR)Shortestprocesstime(SPT)OthermethodsDispatchingRulesFirstcome,fDispatchingRules79DispatchingRules79CapacityManagement80CapacityManagement80製造環(huán)境特性特性

JobShop

Repetitive/Batch產(chǎn)品定位策略 Make-to-order Make-to-stock Engineer-to-order Assemble-to-order產(chǎn)量 低 高批量 分?jǐn)俿etupcost 1Queue,move,waittime 高(70%~90%) 低產(chǎn)能 Standardhours CycletimeRoutings 變動 固定Dispatching 複雜 FCFSlayout 功能別佈置 產(chǎn)品別佈置SFC推式(push)拉式(pull)Reportingdetail 高 低81製造環(huán)境特性特性 JobS製造環(huán)境比較

One-of-a-KindFixedlocationFixedbyjobsiteTrucks,cranesSingleproductHighVerylongSatellites,constructionPlantOrganizationRoutingMaterialHandlingProductMixAmountWIPTimetoManufactureExamplesJobShopVariablebyproductFunctionaldepartmentsForklifts,totebinsManyproductsHighVariablebyproductTools,furnitureRepetitiveFixedbyassemblylineFixedbylineConveyors,containersSimilarproductsLowShortAutoassembly,tiresFlowShopFixedbyplantFixedbyplantConveyors,pipelinesSimilarproductsLowShortwithlongrunsOil,steel,cementSource:APICS,CPIMmaterials199882製造環(huán)境比較One-of-a-KindFixedlocaConclusionsManagingorderLTsrequiresmanagingbothpriorityandcapacityCapacityplansshouldusethebroadestpossibleproductgroupsthatgothroughsimilarmanufacturingoperationsCapacitymustbeadequatetosupporttheMPSandhandleadditionalunplanneddemands83ConclusionsManagingorderLTs產(chǎn)能管理

(CapacityManagement)Ahua.liao84產(chǎn)能管理

(CapacityManagement)AhuaOutline生產(chǎn)環(huán)境演變與相關(guān)管理工具之關(guān)係製造環(huán)境分類製造規(guī)劃及控制系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)產(chǎn)能管理相關(guān)概念粗估產(chǎn)能規(guī)劃(RCCP)產(chǎn)能需求規(guī)劃(CRP)投入/產(chǎn)出規(guī)劃及控制(I/OPlanning&Control)作業(yè)排程(OperationSequencing)結(jié)論85Outline生產(chǎn)環(huán)境演變與相關(guān)管理工具之關(guān)係2CompetitivePriority1950~1960Cost1970~1980Quality1990~2000Delivery、Flexibility、ServiceGlobal-wise86CompetitivePriority1950~19603CompetitivePriority手工藝時代大量生產(chǎn)豐田生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)及時生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)零庫存生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)世界級製造成本品質(zhì)彈性交期1920195019601970198019902000服務(wù)、創(chuàng)新、全球化87CompetitivePriority手工藝時代大量生產(chǎn)豐PlanningEvolutionMRPMRPIIERP1970198019902000APS88PlanningEvolutionMRPMRPIIERPMRP-1960’sand70’sMaterialRequirementsPlanningMasterProductionSchedulingUnconstrainedDemandSupply89MRP-1960’sand70’sMaterialReMRPII-1980’sUnconstrainedManufacturingPlanningandControl,withmanualprocessesto“closetheloop”CapacityManagementFinancialIntegration90MRPII-1980’sUnconstrained7ERP-1990’sAnaccounting-orientedinformationsystemforidentifyingandplanningtheenterprise-wideresourcesneededtotake,make,ship,andaccountforcustomerorders.[APICSdictionary]91ERP-1990’sAnaccounting-orienTheVisionTheDeliveryMRPMRPIIERPExtendedERPReducedinventorythrough“infinite”manufacturingplanningReducedinventory,fewerstock-outsandaccuratefinancialrecordsthrough“infinite”manufacturingplanningandperiodictransactionprocessing.Customerfocused,dynamicallybalancedenterprisethroughassetoptimizationandreal-timetransactionprocessing.Customerfocused,dynamicallybalancedvaluenetworkthroughassetoptimizationandreal-timetransactionprocessing.MRPMRPIIMRPII(plus)SupplyChainSourceGartnerGroupThevisionofERPisEvolvingtoincludetheExtendedEnterprise92TheVisionTheDeliveryMRPMRPI資訊系統(tǒng)之演進(jìn)MRPI--1960~1980生產(chǎn)者導(dǎo)向大量生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品以價格及功能取勝生產(chǎn)成本降低整合：MPS及BOMMRPII--1980~1990消費(fèi)者導(dǎo)向少樣多量生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品以多樣化及高品質(zhì)取勝生產(chǎn)彈性及消除浪廢整合：製造、行銷、財(cái)務(wù)、人事、專案ERP/SCM

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1990~消費(fèi)者導(dǎo)向大量客製化快速反應(yīng)市場需求跨地區(qū)、跨幣別的即時、整合資訊93資訊系統(tǒng)之演進(jìn)MRPI--1960~198010資訊系統(tǒng)資料來源:資策會MICITIS計(jì)畫94資訊系統(tǒng)資料來源:資策會MICITIS計(jì)畫11企業(yè)應(yīng)用軟體演變趨勢E-Business(電子企業(yè)環(huán)境)ESCM(延伸型供應(yīng)鏈管理)EERP(延伸型企業(yè)資源規(guī)畫)E-Commerce(電子商務(wù))SFA(銷售自動化)CRM(客戶關(guān)係管理)SCM(供應(yīng)鏈管理)ERP(企業(yè)資源規(guī)畫)MRP(物料需求規(guī)劃)Payroll(薪資系統(tǒng))GL(總帳會計(jì))AP(應(yīng)收帳款系統(tǒng))AR(應(yīng)付帳款系統(tǒng))197019902000EDI(電子資訊交換)Planning(計(jì)劃)Scheduling(排程)Distribution

(配銷)MRPII(製造需求規(guī)劃)HR(人力資源)FMIS(財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng))1980資料來源：HP簡報(bào)95企業(yè)應(yīng)用軟體演變趨勢E-BusinessE-CommerceE-BusinessApplicationArchitecture=e-commerceE-business+ERP+SCM+MES/MCS+KM+CRMCustomerEmployeeSupplierE-ProcurementCustomerRelationshipManagementEnterpriseApplicationsIntegrationManufacturingExecutionManufacturingControlKnowledgeManagementSupplyChainManagementEnterpriseResourcePlanningSellingChainManagement96E-BusinessApplicationArchite製造環(huán)境分類以製造策略分類JobShop(零工型)Repetitive(重複型)Batch(批量型)FlowShop(流線型)以產(chǎn)品定位策略分類Engineering-to-orderMake-to-orderAssemble-to-orderMake-to-stock97製造環(huán)境分類以製造策略分類14製造環(huán)境RepetitiveproductionProductJobshopFlow

shopCustomLowvolumedifferentiatedHighvolumedifferentiatedCommoditySpecialtychemicals

anddrugsAerospaceIndustrialmachineryMachinetoolsElectricalandelectronicsPaperContainersBrewersAutomobile

Tireandrubber

SteelproductsMajorchemicalsanddrugsOil

Steel

ForestproductsProcessSource:Tayloretal.,hytheProcessIndustriesAreDifferent,?ProductionandInventoryManagementJournal,1981.One-of-a-kindPERT/CPMMRP;CRPMRP;LineBalancingJIT98製造環(huán)境RepetitiveproductionProduManufacturingSystemModelBusinessPlanningSalesPlanningProductionPlanningMPSMRPDemandManagementFinancePlanningResourceRequirementsPlanningRough-CutCapacityPlanningCapacityRequirementsPlanningPurchasingProductionActivityControlMidTermLong-TermShort-TermInventoryManagementInput/OutputControl99ManufacturingSystemModelBusiCapacityManagementinMPSSystemResource

requirements

planningRough-cut

capacity

planningCapacity

requirements

planningPurchasingMaterial

requirements

planningMessageto

BUYorMAKEProductionactivitycontrolMaster

production

schedulingProductionplanningInput/OutputanalysisOperationSequencing100CapacityManagementinMPSSysCapacityPlanningandControlPriorityCapacityPlanningControlPPMPSMRPRRPRCCPCRPInput/OutputControlOperationSequencing101CapacityPlanningandControlPCapacityDefinitionTherateatwhichworkiswithdrawfromthesystem.Thehighestreasonableoutputratewhichcanbeachievedwiththecurrentproductspecifications,productmix,workforce,plant,andequipment.[APICSdictionary]102CapacityDefinitionTherateatCapacityManagementThefunctionofestablishing,measuring,monitoring,andadjustinglimitsorlevelsofcapacityinordertoexecuteallmanufacturingschedules.[APICSdictionary]Includecapacityplanningcapacitycontrol103CapacityManagementThefunctioWorkCenterandLoadWorkCenterAspecificproductionfacility,consistingofoneormorepeopleand/ormachines,whichcanbeconsideredasonunitforpurposesofcapacityrequirementsplanninganddetailedscheduling.[APICSdictionary]LoadTheamountofscheduledworkaheadofamanufacturingfacility,usuallyexpressedintermsofhoursofworkorunitsofproduction.[APICSdictionary]104WorkCenterandLoadWorkCenteWight’sFunnelCAPACITYLOADOUTPUT105Wight’sFunnelCAPACITYLOADOUTPCapacityandLoad[APICS]CapacityLoad(每一作業(yè)之Setup及runtimes)工程研發(fā)工單PM重工工單計(jì)劃工單已發(fā)放工單加班及外包考慮人員,設(shè)施,之a(chǎn)vailablehours及TimeEfficiencyRate減項(xiàng)

Breaks,Downtime,ReworkAbsenteeism,Daily,Maintenance,Other106CapacityandLoad[APICS]CapacCapacityPlanningTermsLoadAvailableWeekHoursperresourceCapacityPlanningTermsLoadAvaCapacityUtilizationScenariosLoadAvailableLoadAvailableLoadAvailableBalancedUnderloadedOverloadedCapacityUtilizationScenariosDeterminingCapacityAvailableDemonstrated(Measured)Capacitytheaveragerecentoutputactuallyachieved,isfiguredfromhistoricaldataisdefinedasaverageoutput,notmaxoutputRated(Calculated)Capacityavailablehours×utilization×efficiency109DeterminingCapacityAvailable6%6%62%13%13%BreaksR.MaintenanceRunTimeUn-utilizedbutscheduledtimeSetupTimeUtilizationActualtimeused(runandsetup)ScheduledtimeintendedforproductionUtilization=Ameasureofhowintensivelyaresourceisbeingused….1106%6%62%13%13%BreaksR.MaintenaUtilizationExample:

Breaks:20minutespershift Routinemaintenance:10minutespershift Runtimecharged:6hours Setuptime:0.5hour Utilization=

111UtilizationExample:28EfficiencyAmeasureofhowcloselypredeterminedstandardsareachieved.Actualoutput(standardhoursearned)Standardoutputexpected(scheduled)efficiency=112EfficiencyAmeasureofhowcloEfficiencyExample:

Workcenter:3machines,two8-hrsshifts,fivedaysaweek Breakdown:12hrsperweekUtilization=

recordsindicatethattheworkcenterproducedanaverageof250.8sta.Hoursofoutput.Efficiency=Capacity=

113EfficiencyExample:30CapacityDeterminationShiftperDay

MachinesorWorkStationsHoursperShiftDaysperWeekUtilizationEfficiency=StandardHoursperWeekEx:

Shifts=3ShiftLength=8hrs5DaysperWeekNumberofMachines=6MachineUtilization=.8Efficiency=.9114CapacityDeterminationShiftpeRough-CutCapacityPlanningTh