全國2012年4月高等教育自學(xué)考試英語國家概況試題

20124英語國家概況試題課程代碼：00522Readthefollowingunfinishedstatementsorquestionscarefully.Foreachunfinishedstatementorquestion,foursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandDaregiven.Choosetheonethatyoubestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.Writetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceontheanswersheet.(50points,1pointforeach)Aboutahundredyearsago,Britainruledanempirethatcoloniesin .A.Europe,AfricaandAsiaB.Australia,AfricaandEuropeC.Asia,AfricaandNorthAmericaD.Europe,AfricaandNorthAmerica2.The tribesareancestorsofthehighlandScots,theIrishandtheWelsh.A.Danish B.CelticC.Anglo-SaxonD.VikingWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutRomanBritainistrue?TheRomansremainedincontrolofBritainforover500years.TheRomansnevertreatedtheBritonsasasubjectpeopleslaveclass.Duringthefourcenturies,RomansandBritonshadalotintermarriages.TheRomanshadnoimpactonthelanguageorcultureordinaryBritons.Under ,thefeudalsysteminEnglandwascompletelyestablished.EdwardIB.HenryIIC.KingAlfredD.WilliamtheConqueror was,aboveall,responsibleforthereligiousoftheChurchinthe16thcentury.HenryVIIB.HenryVIIIC.EdwardIVD.EdwardVIMaryStuart,QueenofScots,wasElizabethI’s .sister B.daughterC.cousin D.half-sisterTheEnglishRenaissancewaslargely .literaryB.politicalC.religiousD.philosophicalLooselyspeaking, opposedabsolutemonarchysupportedtherighttoreligiousfreedomforNonconformists.theWhigsB.theToriesC.theHouseofLordsD.theHouseofCommonsWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutWorldWarIIistrue?Britainlostabout250,000livesduringthewar.B.Britainbecameapowerfulempireafterthewar.C.Britainonlydevotedpartofitsentirestrengthtothewar.D.BritainsufferedfarmoremilitarycasualtiesinWorldWarIIthaninWorldWarI.TheIndustrialRevolutionreferstothe andtheconsequentchangesinsocialandeconomicorganizationsinBritainthe18thand19thcenturies.A.urbanizationofBritain B.reformationoftheChurchC.mechanizationofindustry D.mechanizationofagricultureTheoldestinstitutionofgovernmentintheU.K.is whichgoesbacktoatleastthe9thcentury.A.theMonarchy B.theParliamentC.thePrivyCouncil D.theMetropolitanPoliceThemaximumdurationofaParliamentintheU.K.is .A.twoyears B.fouryearsC.fiveyears D.sixyearsThehusbandofQueenElizabethIIis .A.PrinceAndrew B.PrincePhilipC.PrinceCharles D.PrinceWilliam14.TheLordsTemporalinBritain’sHouseofLordsconsistsofallthefollowingA.lifepeersEXCEPT .B.hereditarypeersC.Lordsofappealof“l(fā)awlords”D.theArchbishopsofCanterburyandYorkTheHouseofCommonsintheU.K.haditsfirstwomanin .A.1990 B.1991C.1992 D.1993InEnglandandWales,laymagistrates(“justiceofthepeace”orJPs)areappointedby .A.theMonarch B.theParliamentC.thePrimeMinister D.theLordChancellorThe isthelargestsingleemployeroflaborintheU.K.A.BritishAirways B.BritishPetroleumC.NationalHealthService D.BritishTelecommunications wasfoundedin1969,andbeganitsfirstcoursein1970.A.GlasgowUniversity B.AberdeenUniversityC.TheOpenUniversity D.StAndrewsUniversity isthemosttypicalEnglishsportinEngland.A.Golf B.CricketC.Tennis D.Football isacontemporaryBritishmusicalcomposer.A.DavidHare B.TomStoppardC.HaroldPinter D.LloydWebberTheUnitedStatesofAmerica,withapopulationof255.5millionin1992,wasthe mostpopulouscountryintheA.second B.thirdC.fourth D.fifthStatistically havebeenthefastestgrowingstatespopulationforthelast20years.Arizona,NevadaandFloridaCalifornia,NevadaandFloridaArizona,NewJerseyandNevadaArizona,NewMexicoandFloridaThewarat inNorthernNewYorkprovedtobeaturningpointoftheWarofIndependence.A.Lexington B.ConcordC.Yorktown D.SaratogaTheFederalistPaperswrittenunderthenameofPubliusco-authoredby .AlexanderHamilton,JohnLockeandJohnJay.AlexanderHamilton,JamesMadisonandJohnJayAndrewJackson,JamesMadisonandThomasJeffersonAlexanderHamilton,JamesMadisonandThomasJeffersonTheAmericanexpansionistmovementproducedatheorycalled .A.NewFrontier B.NewDarwinismC.ManifestDestiny D.RooseveltCorollaryWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTconsideredthereasonforthedisappearanceofblackslaveryintheAmericanNorthintheearly1800s?Thepriceofslaveswastoohigh.SlaverywassimplyillegalintheNorth.TheAfricanscouldnotstandcoldwintersintheNorth.AstheNorthturnedtowardindustry,mechanicsandfarmhandswereneeded.Inthepoliticalarea,theProgressiveMovementdemanded .thebanningofchildlaborimprovelivingconditionsindustrialaccidentinsurancereformingthecityandstategovernmentsThe19thAmendmentofvotingrightforwomenwasadoptedduringthe Administration.A.J.F.Kennedy’s B.WoodrowWilson’sC.FranklinRoosevelt’s D.TheodoreRoosevelt’sAsaresultoftheGreatDepression,manypeoplelostlandandotherpropertiesbecauseof .A.bankruptcy B.foreclosureC.speculation D.profiteeringTheaimofmeasuresintheNewDeal,asPresidentRooseveltputit,wasto .“saveAmericandemocracy”“regulateandreformthebankingsystem”“strengthengovernmentinterventioninbusiness”“raisetheroleoflaborintherelationsofproduction”ThefirstsummitbetweentheUnitedStates,theSovietandBritainduringWorldWarIIwasheldin inNovemberA.Yalta B.CairoC.Tehran D.PotsdamTheopendeclarationofthecontainmentpolicywasmadebyU.S.President onMarch12,A,Hoover B.TrumanC.Roosevelt D.EisenhowerSince1945theUnitedStatesentereda25-yeareconomicandthecornerstoneswerethe .automobile,housingandshippingfarming,housinganddefenseindustriesautomobile,housinganddefenseindustriesautomobile,shippinganddefenseindustries turnedouttobethelongestwartheUnitedStateseverfought(1950-1975)asaresultofitspolicyofcontainmentCommunism.A.TheCivilWar B.TheKoreanWarC.TheVietnamWar D.WorldWarIIWhichstatementabouttheWatergateScandalisNOTtrue?AfterthescandalAmericandisillusionsgrew.NixonwasthesecondpresidenttoresigninU.S.history.Nixonfinallyhandedoverthecompletetapes,whichcondemnhim.Bytheearly1980sfarfewerAmericansstillclungtobeliefthattheirsystemwasthemostpowerful.TheU.S.Presidentcanvetoanybillpassedbyunlessoverriddenby voteineachhouse.A.one-third B.two-thirdsC.two-fifths D.three-fourthsWhenabillemergesfromtheSenateandtheHouse,itisusuallyreferredtoa composedofequalnumberofmemberseachhousetoresolvethedifferences.A.revenuecommittee B.standingcommitteeC.permanentcommittee D.conferencecommitteeThefourthpartyperiodbeganwith andlastedtillthe withtheDemocraticPartydominant.A.JimmyCarter,1990s B.HerbertHoover,1920sC.FranklinRoosevelt,1980s D.TheodoreRoosevelt,1900sWhichstatementaboutAmericaneducationisNOTtrue?Elementaryandsecondaryeducationisfreeandnoncompulsory.Therearemorepublicelementaryandsecondaryschoolsprivateones.Publicschoolsarefinanciallysupportedandgovernedstatesorcommunities.Publicandprivateschoolsrefertothewayinwhichinstitutionsarefundedandcontrolled.InhismasterpieceLeavesofGrass, praisedtheofequalityanddemocracyandcelebratedthedignityandtheself-reliantspiritofthecommonman.A-T.S.Eliot B.MarkTwainC.WaltWhitman D.EmilyDicksonIrelandkeptoutofWorldWarII .todeclareitselfarepublictomakeanewconstitutiontovoteitselfoutoftheCommonwealthtodemonstrateitscontinueddispleasurewiththeBritishThemostpopularreligiousbeliefinIrelandis .A.Methodism B.ChristianityC.Catholicism D.ProtestantismInCanada,itisdifficulttodofarminginprovincesbecause .theregionistoohillydairyingismorepopularthanfarmingtheweatheristooextremeinthoseprovincesthegrowingseasonisshortandthesoilispoorTheInuitandIndiansinnorthernCanada .havestoppedhuntinghavemovedfromtentstohousesintownshaveexperiencedmuchchangeintheirlifestyleshavetotallygotusedtothenon-nativeCanadianwayoflifeAsaresultofWorldWarII,Canada .establishedtheCanadianNavyexperiencedarapidgrowthinitsterritoryincreasedthecontroloveritsforeignrelationsfounditsplaceamongthenationsoftheworldEstablishedin1788, istheoldeststateofAustralia.A.Victoria B.QueenslandC.SouthAustralia D.NewSouthWalesAdelaide,thecapitalofSouthAustralia,isworldfamousits .A.agriculture B.artsfestivalC.shipbuilding D.valuablemineralsTaupois inNewZealand.A.thebiggestlake B.thelongestriverC.thelargestplain D.thehighestmountainMostanimalsinNewZealandare .nativetothelandbroughtfromEnglandintroducedfromNorthAmericaonlyilladaptedtoNewZealandconditionsAccordingtotheTreatyofWaitangi, isentitledmakelawsinNewZealand.A.theMaoripeople B.theBritishsettlersC.theQueenofEngland D.theNe