初中英語動(dòng)詞八大時(shí)態(tài)詳解

英語八大時(shí)態(tài)講解動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)有很多。初中階段主要掌握八種:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)。(一一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成:主語是I,we,you,they和名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)作謂語的行為動(dòng)詞用原形。主語是he,she,it和名詞單數(shù)時(shí),作謂語的行為動(dòng)詞的詞尾變化如下:一般情況+s以s,x,ch,sh或o結(jié)尾+es以輔音+y結(jié)尾去y變i+es2一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式(以be和like為例:He/Sheisastudent.I/We/You/They/likemusic.Manypeoplelikemusic.Iamnotastudent.Ishe/sheastudent?Doyou/theylikemusic?Domanypeoplelikemusic?3一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的用法:現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性,習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。例如:Igetupatsixeverymorning.Heplaystennisonceaweek.舉例:A現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)Mymotherisateacher.SheteachesEnglishinaschool.B客觀真理Theearthgoesaroundthesun.4常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語:oftenusuallysometimesalwayseverydayneverinthemorning等。例題解析:舉一反三,學(xué)的更輕松!1.---MayIhelpyou,sir?---Yes,IboughttheTVthedaybeforeyesterday,butit______.A.didn’tworkB.doesn’tworkC.won’tworkD.can’twork解析:電視雖然是前天買的,但壞了是現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài),應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。選B.2.______thebusuntilit______..A.Getoff,stopsB.Getoff,willstopC.Don’tgetoff,stopsD.Don’tgetoff,willstop解析:這是一個(gè)以u(píng)ntil引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,主句是祈使句,因此從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。根據(jù)句意此題應(yīng)用not…until(直到……才句型。應(yīng)選C。3.The70-year-oldman______exercisesinthemorning.A.takesB.aretakingC.tookD.willtake解析“這個(gè)70歲的老人早晨鍛煉?！边@里鍛煉是一個(gè)經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。因此,應(yīng)選A.(二現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成:Am/is/are+v-ingv-ing現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成:一般情況+ing以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的單詞。去e,加ing+ing以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的單詞去e+ing以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí).雙寫詞尾字母+ing2現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式:Iamdriving.否定:Iamnotdriving.He/She/Itisworking.否定:He/She/Itisnotworking.3現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法:1.說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(動(dòng)作是在說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行。例如:Sheishavingabathnow.2.現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(但是動(dòng)作并不是必須在說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行。例如:Youareworkinghardtoday.KatewantstoworkinItaly,sosheislearningItalian.Thepopulationoftheworldisgrowingveryfast.注意:頻度副詞always,forever等詞連用時(shí),表示某種強(qiáng)烈的感情。如:Heisalwaystryingoutnewideas.(表示欣賞,表揚(yáng)表示位移的動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(僅限于go,come,arrive,leave,start,fly,begin,stay等動(dòng)詞。Thepartyisbeginningat8:00o’clock.4常用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語:now等。例題解析:舉一反三,學(xué)的更輕松!1.Idon’tthinkthatit’strue.She’salways______lies.A.tellB.tellsC.tellingD.told(解析:always在這里應(yīng)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連用,帶有感情色彩,表示討厭。選C.2.How______you______withthenewjob?A.do,doB.do,getalongC.are,doingD.are,gettingon(解析:表示現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。選D.3.---Arethesesocksyours?---No.Mine______outsideontheclothesline.A.arehangingB.havehungC.hangD.hung(解析:hang意為懸掛,hung意為上吊、絞死,先排除答案B、D。根據(jù)前后句意可判斷出現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài),應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。應(yīng)選A.(三一般將來時(shí)1一般將來時(shí)的構(gòu)成:1.助動(dòng)詞will(shall+動(dòng)詞原形2.am/is/are+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形2一般將來時(shí)的用法:1.將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如:IwillleaveforBeijingtomorrow.2.將要存在的狀態(tài)。例如:ThistimenextyearIwillbeinJapan.Wherewillyoube?3.打算要做的事。例如:Areyougoingtowatchthefilmontelevisiontonight?3常用于一般將來時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語:tomorrownextweekin2008等。例題解析:舉一反三,學(xué)的更輕松!1.I______forHongKongonSaturday.Willyougotoseemeoffattheairport?A.amleavingB.amleftC.amgoingtoleavingD.left2.WeChinese______theOlympicGamesin2008.A.heldB.shallholdingC.areholdingD.aregoingtohold(四一般過去時(shí)1一般過去時(shí)的構(gòu)成:用動(dòng)詞的過去式。作謂語的行為動(dòng)詞的詞尾變化如下:一般情況+ed以e字母結(jié)尾的輔音+d以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾去y變i+ed不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞2一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式(以be和like為例:I/We/You/They/didn’tlikemusic.Manypeopledidn’tlikemusic.Didyou/theylikemusic?Didmanypeoplelikemusic?3一般過去時(shí)的用法:例如:Thepolicestoppedmeonmywayhomelastnight.例如:Theyweren'tabletocomebecausetheyweresobusy.4常用于一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語:yesterday,threemonthsago,lastyear,in1979,often,always等。例題解析:舉一反三,學(xué)的更輕松!1.Mottisout.Buthe______hereafewminutesago.A.wasB.isC.willbeD.wouldbe2.---Hi,Tom.---Hello,Fancy.I______youwerehere.A.don’tknowB.won’tthinkC.thinkD.didn’tknow解析:雖然句中沒有明確的時(shí)間狀語,但是可以通過上下文語境判斷出,這句話指的是我這段時(shí)間并不知道,你前一陣子在這兒。所以應(yīng)選A。3.HepromisedtotellmebyhimselfwhenI______.A.comeB.wouldcomeC.cameD.hadcome解析:在時(shí)間狀語從句中,用一般過去時(shí)表示過去將來。應(yīng)選C。(五現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成:have/has+現(xiàn)在分詞2現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式(以be和see為例:I/We/You/Theyhavebeenherebefore.He/Shehasbeenherebefore.I/We/You/They/Manypeoplehaveseenthefilm.I/We/You/Theyhaven’tbeenherebefore.He/Shehasn’tbeenherebefore.I/We/You/They/Manypeoplehaven’tseenthefilm.Haveyou/theybeenherebefore?Hashe/shebeenherebefore?Haveyou/they/manypeopleseenthefilm?3現(xiàn)在在完成時(shí)的用法:1、表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果.(常與already,just,ever,never,before等詞連用.如:Shehasneverreadthisnovel.他從未讀過這本小說.(他對(duì)小說的內(nèi)容不了解2、表示“過去的動(dòng)作”一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去.(常與for(后跟段時(shí)間或since(后跟點(diǎn)時(shí)間等連用.如:IhavebeenamemberofthePartyfor10years.IhavebeenamemberofthePartysince10yearsago.注意:在有for和since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語的句子中不能用短暫性動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)用與之相應(yīng)的表示狀態(tài)的詞。如:Hehasdiedfor3years.(FHehasbeendeadfor3years.(T注意:①現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和表示明確的過去時(shí)間連用。如:in1998,lastmorning等②have/hasbeento表示“去過”(去了又回來了have/hasgoneto表示“去過”(去了沒回來了如:Wherehasshegone?(句中所指的人不在Wherehasshebeen?(句中作指的人在例題解析:舉一反三,學(xué)的更輕松!1.--Howlong______he______afever?---Eversincelastnight.A.have,gotB.have,hadC.have,caughtD.did,have解析:此句表示從昨晚起持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài),應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),去掉答案D。因?yàn)槭嵌螘r(shí)間,所以不能用短暫行動(dòng)詞,get和catch都是短暫行動(dòng)詞。因此選B.2.Mybowlisempty.Who______allmysoup?A.drinkB.haddrunkC.hasdrunkD.drank3.I______youforalongtime.Where______you______?A.Didn’tseen;did,goC.haven’tseen;have,beenB.didn’tsee;have,goneD.haven’tseen;havegone解析：for+段時(shí)間一般預(yù)先在完成時(shí)連用?！澳闳ツ膬毫耍俊保ㄔ谶@段時(shí)間你不在）應(yīng)選C。（六）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：was/were+v-ing2過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：過去某一階段或某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例如：ThistimelastyearIwaslivinginBrazil.Whatwereyoudoingat10o'clocklastnight?3常用于過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語：atfouryesterdayafternoon，then，atthattime/moment等。例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！1.Daddypromisedmehe______meacomputerA.wasboughtB.hadboughtCboughtD.wouldbuy2.Theysaidthey______dosomesportsifitwasfine.A.weregoingtoB.wentC.wouldgoingD.weregoing（七）過去完成時(shí)態(tài)1）過去完成時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：肯定式：had+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞否定式：hadn’t+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞疑問式：Had?+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞簡略回答:Yes,主+had.No,主+hadn’t.被動(dòng)語態(tài)：主語+had(not+been+過去分詞+其他2過去完成時(shí)的用法：1、表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作。他表示的時(shí)間是“過去的過去”,常與bylastyear,bythetimeofyesterday,等連用。如：6Shesaidshehadseenthefilm4times.WhenMrLigottotheclassroom,allthestudentshadbegunreading.Bythetimetheyarrived,thebushadleft.2、表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。(常與for(后跟段時(shí)間或since(后跟點(diǎn)時(shí)間等連用.如:Shehadworkedinthisschoolsinceitopened25yearsago.例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！1.He______inShanghaiUniversityforfouryearsbeforehe______Beijing.A.studied,hadgoneC.hasstudied,goesB.hadstudied,wentD.hadstudied,hadgone2.Marysaiditwasatleastfiveyearssincehe______agooddrink.A.enjoyedB.wasenjoyingC.hadenjoyedD.wouldenjoy解析：Itwas+時(shí)間段+since引導(dǎo)的從句中用過去完成時(shí)。應(yīng)選C。3.XiaoPeisaidshe______Hainanfor3months.A.hasbeeninB.hadbeeninC.hadbeentoD.hadgoneto解析：“小培說她去了海南三個(gè)月”。havebeento和havegoneto都是短暫性的動(dòng)詞短語。適應(yīng)表示狀態(tài)的havebeenin.應(yīng)選B.（八）1）定義：過去將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時(shí)常用于賓語從句和間接引語中。例如：Ididn’tknowifhewouldcome.Theyneverknewthatpopulationwouldbecomeabigproblem.Shedidn’ttellmewhereshewouldgo.Betty