輪機(jī)英語(yǔ)會(huì)話評(píng)估口述題參考答案翻譯

輪機(jī)英語(yǔ)會(huì)話評(píng)估口述參考答案第一章公共英語(yǔ)1.Theengineroom.Theengineroomistheheartofaship.Itisgenerallylocatedatthesternneartheshipbottom.Intheengineroom,therearealotofmachineryandsystems,suchasthemainengine,thegeneratorengine,boilers,pumps,therefrigeratingsystem,andtheairconditioningsystem.Themainengine,alsocalledthemainpropulsionplant，isthelargestandmostimportantone.Themodernimprovementofcontrolsystemsresultsinmachineryspaceremainingunattendedforlongperiods.ThatisUMS.1機(jī)艙機(jī)艙是船的心臟。它通常位于船底尾部。在機(jī)艙，有很多機(jī)械和系統(tǒng)，例如主機(jī)，發(fā)電機(jī)，鍋爐，泵，制冷系統(tǒng)和空調(diào)系統(tǒng)。主機(jī)也叫做主推進(jìn)裝置，是最大和最重要的一個(gè)?？刂葡到y(tǒng)的最新的進(jìn)步導(dǎo)致機(jī)艙長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)有人。那就是無(wú)人機(jī)艙。2.Theenginedepartment.Therearefiveengineersandfourmotormenintheenginedepartmentonboardmyship.Weusuallydosomemaintenanceandrepairworktokeeptheshipingoodorder.Wealsodosomeworktokeeptheengineroomtidyandclean,suchassweepingthefloor,removetheoilspilled,markingthepipesandvalveswithspecialcolor,etc.Workingonboardshipisnotaneasyjob,sopeoplehavetocooperatewell.Intheenginedepartmentwegetwellalongwitheachother.Wearestandingtogetherregardlessofsituation.2輪機(jī)部在我們的船上有五個(gè)輪機(jī)員和四個(gè)機(jī)工。我們通常在一些保養(yǎng)和修理工作去保持船正常。我們也做一些工作去保持機(jī)艙整潔和干凈，例如打掃地面，去除溢油，用特別的顏色標(biāo)記管路和閥。3.Self-introductionMynameisYanli.Iwasbornin1980inDalian.IamunmarriedbutIhaveabeautifulgirlfriend.Iamstudyinginhuayangmarineschoolin2008inengineeringmanagement.Ihavebeenworkingonboardasamotormanforabout5years.Therearethreepeopleinmyfamily:myfathermymotherandI.Ilikeplaybasketballandreadsomebooks.Ilovemyfamilyandmywork.That’sall,Thanks.3自我介紹我的名字是嚴(yán)厲。我在1980年出生在大連。我未婚但有一個(gè)漂亮的女朋友。我在2008年在華洋水運(yùn)學(xué)校輪機(jī)專業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)。我作為一個(gè)機(jī)工在船上工作了五年。我家有三口人：我父親，母親和我。我喜歡打籃球和讀書。我愛(ài)我的家庭和工作。謝謝4.YourdailyworkonboardAstheengineerofficerinchargeofwatch,mydailyworkonboardisasfollows:Ishallensurethatthemainpropulsionplant,auxiliarymachineryandsteeringgearareingoodorder.Thecurrentoperationalparametersofallmachineryshouldbeobserved,suchastheexhaustgasestemperatureofmainengine,thecylinderjacketoutletcoolingwatertemperatureandpressureetc.Duringwatch,thebridgeordersmustbecarriedoutrightnow.Anyabnormalparametersinrelationtotheequipmentshouldbepaidattention.4你在船上的日常工作作為一個(gè)值班的輪機(jī)員，我的日常工作如下：我將確保主推進(jìn)裝置，輔機(jī)和舵機(jī)正常。所有機(jī)器當(dāng)前的運(yùn)行參數(shù)應(yīng)當(dāng)被觀察，例如主機(jī)的排氣溫度，缸套出口的冷卻水和壓力等等。在值班期間，必須立刻執(zhí)行駕駛臺(tái)的命令。應(yīng)當(dāng)注意關(guān)于設(shè)備的任何異常的參數(shù)。5.Watch-keepingintheengineroomWhenashipisatsea,eachengineershouldkeepaduty-watchfor4hours.Duringhisdutywatch,theengineermakessometourinspectionoftheengineroomandputdownallthefiguresintotheengineroomlogbook.Hehastokeepeverythingingoodorder.Duringwatch,thebridgeordersmustbecarriedoutrightnow.Whenhiswatchisfinished,heshouldtelltherelievingofficerthepresentconditionoftheengineroombeforehandingoverthewatch.5在機(jī)艙值班當(dāng)船在海上的時(shí)候，每個(gè)輪機(jī)員應(yīng)當(dāng)值班四小時(shí)。在他值班期間，輪機(jī)員要做一些機(jī)艙的巡視并記錄所有的數(shù)據(jù)到機(jī)艙日志中。他也必須確保一切正常。在值班期間，必須立刻執(zhí)行駕駛臺(tái)的命令。當(dāng)他完成值班，他應(yīng)當(dāng)在交班之前告訴接班人員機(jī)艙目前的狀況。6.Couldyouintroduceyourself?Mynameis…….IgraduatedfromDalianMaritimeUniversityin1988withabachelor’sdegreeinmarineengineering.6你能介紹一下你自己么？我是——————。我在1988年畢業(yè)于大連海事大學(xué)輪機(jī)專業(yè)第二章機(jī)艙日常事務(wù)1.Pleasedescribethedifferencebetweenthedieselengineandthegasolineengine.(SeeFig.2-1andFig.2-2)Themaindifferencebetweenthedieselengineandthegasolineengineinclude:1)the2combustionmediumofadieselengineisdieseloilorfueloil,whilethatforagasolineengineisgasoil.2)Thedieselengineisignitedthroughcompressionofhot,highpressureoilandairmixture,butthegasolineengineisignitedbyelectricalsparkplug.3)Fordieselengine,theairandoilismixedinsidethecylinder,whileforgasolineengine,theyaremixedoutsidethecylinder.1請(qǐng)描述一下柴油機(jī)和汽油機(jī)的區(qū)別柴油機(jī)和汽油機(jī)的主要區(qū)別包括1）柴油機(jī)的燃燒介質(zhì)是柴油或者燃油,然而汽油機(jī)的燃燒介質(zhì)是汽油。2）柴油機(jī)依靠高溫高壓的油氣混合物的壓縮點(diǎn)燃，但是汽油機(jī)依靠電火花塞點(diǎn)燃。3）對(duì)于柴油機(jī)，空氣和油在汽缸混合，然而汽油機(jī)，他們?cè)谄淄饣旌稀?.XiaoWangisacadetoftheenginedepartment,whojustgraduatedfromShanghaiMaritimeUniversity.Howdoyouintroducealltheengineroomtohim?First,Iwilltellthecadettheimportancetheengineroom.Second,Ishouldintroducethevariousmachineryandsystemsintheengineroom,suchasthemainengine,thegeneratorengine,boilers,pumps,therefrigeratingsystem,andtheairconditioningsystem.Third,Iwillshowhimhowtooperatethevariousequipmentanddevicessafely,andintroduceasmuchsafetyknowledgeasIcan.2小王是輪機(jī)部的實(shí)習(xí)生，畢業(yè)于上海海事大學(xué)。你如何給他介紹一下機(jī)艙。首先，我將告訴實(shí)習(xí)生機(jī)艙的重要性。第二，我將介紹一下機(jī)艙的各種機(jī)器和系統(tǒng)，例如主機(jī)，柴油發(fā)電機(jī)，鍋爐，泵，制冷系統(tǒng)和空調(diào)系統(tǒng)。第三，我將展示給他如何安全運(yùn)行各種設(shè)備和裝置，并盡可能多的向他介紹一下安全知識(shí)。3.XiaoZhangisathree-yearstudentmajoringinmarineengineeringfromShanghaiMaritimeUniversity.Howdoyouintroducetheequipmentandmachineryintheengineroomtohim?Therearemanymachinesanddevicesintheengineroom.Theyarethemainengine,generators,aircompressors,oilseparators,boilers,pumps,allkindofcoolers,valvesandsoon.Themainengineisthelargestandmostimportantmachine.Itistheship’spowersource.Ourmainengineisaslow-speed,two–stroke,crossheadtypemarinedieselengine.Itconsistsofcylinderhead,frame,bedplateandmovingparts,etc.ThetypeisMAN-B&W6550MCwithacapacityof9550Kwat115rpm.Theprimemoverofthegeneratorsis6-cylinder,medium-speed,4-stroke,trunkpistontypemarinedieselengine.3小王是上海海事大學(xué)輪機(jī)專業(yè)三年級(jí)的學(xué)生，你如何給他介紹機(jī)艙的設(shè)備和機(jī)器？3在機(jī)艙有很多的機(jī)器和設(shè)備。他們是主機(jī)，發(fā)電機(jī)，空壓機(jī)，分油機(jī)，鍋爐，泵，各種冷卻器，閥等等。主機(jī)是最大，最重要的機(jī)器。它是船舶的動(dòng)力來(lái)源。我們的主機(jī)是一臺(tái)低速，二沖程，十字頭類型的船用柴油機(jī)。它包括汽缸蓋，機(jī)架，機(jī)座和運(yùn)動(dòng)部件。這個(gè)類型的是在115rpm時(shí)9550kw的輸出量的MAN-B&W6550MC。發(fā)電機(jī)的原動(dòng)機(jī)是6缸，中速，四沖程，筒形活塞船用柴油機(jī)。4.Lookattheillustrationandsaysomethingaboutthedisposaloftheshaftinganddieselengine.(SeeFig.2-3)Thepowerofthedieselengineistransmittedtothepropellerthroughthetransmissionsystem.Theitemsoftransmissionsystemincludevariousshafts,suchasthethrustshaft,oneormoreintermediateshaftsandtailshaft.Theseshaftsaresupportedbythethrustblock,intermediatebearingsandthestern-tubebearing.Thepropellerconsistsofabosswithseveralblades.Thethrustistransmittedalongtheshaftingtothethrustblockandfinallytoship’sstructure.4看實(shí)圖并說(shuō)一下柴油機(jī)和軸系的配置柴油機(jī)的動(dòng)力是通過(guò)傳遞系統(tǒng)傳遞給螺旋槳。傳遞系統(tǒng)的項(xiàng)包括各種軸，例如推力軸，一個(gè)或多個(gè)中間軸和尾軸。這些軸被推力塊，中間軸承和尾軸承支撐。螺旋槳包括帶有幾個(gè)葉片的漿榖。推力沿軸傳遞給推力塊并最終傳遞給船體。5.Lookattheillustrationandsaysomethingabouttheprobabilityofdisposalofmedium-speedandhigh-speeddieselengine.(SeeFig.2-4)Whentheshipissailingatfullspeed,itneedsfourenginesrunning.Whentheshipissailingathalfspeed,itneedstwoenginesrunning.Whentheshipisoperatingatabout30%offullspeed,oneengineisenoughtomeetitspowerrequirement.Thatis,theshipcanbeoperatedwithsingleengine,doubleenginesorfourenginesaccordingtotheloadcondition.Generally,whentheshipissailingatseaspeed,ithasfourenginesrunningwhileitapproachesthewharf,ithastwoenginesrunning.5看實(shí)圖，說(shuō)說(shuō)中速機(jī)和高速機(jī)布置的可能性。當(dāng)船在全速航行時(shí)，它需要四臺(tái)機(jī)運(yùn)行。當(dāng)船在半速航行的時(shí)候，它需要兩臺(tái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)運(yùn)行，當(dāng)船以全速的30%運(yùn)行的時(shí)候，一臺(tái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)足夠滿足動(dòng)力要求。也就是，船能根據(jù)負(fù)荷條件來(lái)運(yùn)行一臺(tái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，兩臺(tái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)或四臺(tái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。通常，當(dāng)船在全速航行的時(shí)候，它有四臺(tái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)運(yùn)行，當(dāng)它接近港口的時(shí)候，它有兩臺(tái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)運(yùn)行。6.Lookattheillustrationandsaysomethingaboutstructureofthemainengine.(SeeFig.2-5)Thestructureofthemainengineisasfollows:theconstructionmainlyincludesbedplate,frame,cylinders,pistons,connectingrod,mainbearingandcrankshaft.The4crankshaftrestsinmainbearingsbuiltintocrossgirdersofthebedplate.OnthetopofAframesthereisascavengingairbox.Thebedplate,framesandcylinderblocksaresecuredtogetherbylongtie-rods.Apistonconsistsofalowerpartcalledpistonskirtandanupperpartcalledpistoncrown.6看實(shí)圖，介紹一下主機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)主機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)如下：結(jié)構(gòu)包括機(jī)座，機(jī)架，汽缸，活塞，連桿，主軸承和曲軸。曲軸安放在嵌入在機(jī)座橫梁的主軸承上。在A字形機(jī)架的頂部有一個(gè)掃氣箱。機(jī)座，機(jī)架和汽缸套被一個(gè)長(zhǎng)連桿固定。一個(gè)活塞包括下部的活塞裙和上部的活塞頭。7.Lookattheillustrationandsaysomethingaboutstressstatusofthemovingparts.(SeeFig.2-6)Themovingpartsshownintheillustrationmainlyincludethepiston,theconnectingrod,andthecrankshaft.Theseareallcriticalpartsoftheengine.Accordingtothespecificconditionshowninthepicture,thepistonisundercompressionforce,theconnectingrodisundertensionstressandcompressionforce,whilethecrankshaftisunderthetorsionforces.7看實(shí)圖，說(shuō)說(shuō)運(yùn)動(dòng)部件的壓力狀況實(shí)圖顯示的運(yùn)動(dòng)部件包括活塞，連桿和曲軸。有發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的所有關(guān)鍵部件。根據(jù)如圖顯示的特定條件下，活塞正承受壓縮力，連桿承受拉力和壓縮力，然而曲軸正承受扭力。8.Lookattheillustrationandsaythetypeofpistonheadshapeindieselengine.(SeeFig.2-7)Pistonscanbedividedintotwomainclasses:thecrossheadtypepistonsandthetrunktypepistons.Thetopsurfaceofthecrossheadpistoncanbeflat,sunkenorconvex.Thepistonshownintheillustrationisthecrossheadtypepistonwithasunkensurface.Ithastheadvantageofincreasingtheairturbulenceandimprovingtheoilandairmixingquality.Itsdisadvantageisthatthecylindervolumetricclearancewillbelarger.8看實(shí)圖，說(shuō)說(shuō)柴油機(jī)的活塞頭的形狀活塞能分成兩種：十字頭型活塞和筒狀活塞。十字頭活塞的頂部表面可能是平的，凹的或凸的。如圖所示的活塞是凹面的十字頭活塞。它有提高空氣紊流和提高油和空氣混合質(zhì)量的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。它的缺點(diǎn)是汽缸容積間隙將會(huì)變大。9.Lookattheillustrationandsaythetypesofpistonring.(SeeFig.2-8)Thepistonringsshownintheillustrationhastheshapeofrectangleortrapezoid.Someofthemareroundedontheexternaltoporbottomedges.Amongthesepistonrings,No.1andNo.2aresealingrings;No.3andNo.4arescraperrings,whiletheNo.5isadistributorring.Generally,eachpistonisprovidedwithfiveorsixpistonrings.9看實(shí)圖，說(shuō)說(shuō)活塞環(huán)的類型。如圖所示的活塞環(huán)有矩形或梯形的。它們中有一些在外援頂部或底部邊緣成倒角。在這些活塞環(huán)中，1，2是密封環(huán)，3，4是刮油環(huán)，5是布油環(huán)。通常，每一個(gè)活塞帶有五個(gè)或六個(gè)活塞環(huán)10.Pleasedescribethelubricatingmodeofmainengine.Largemarinedieselenginesofcrossheadconstructiongenerallyhavetwosystemsof5lubrication:atotallylosssystemfeedingthecylindersandacirculatingsystemlubricatingtherunninggearandcoolingthepistons.Oilissuppliedtothecylinderlinerwallandpistonringsbymeansofmechanicallubricators.Thelubeoiltothevariousmovingpartsenablestheformationofanoilfilmwhichreducesfrictionandwear.10請(qǐng)描述主機(jī)的潤(rùn)滑模式大型船用十字頭類型的船用柴油機(jī)通常有兩種潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)：一種是潤(rùn)滑汽缸的全消耗系統(tǒng)和潤(rùn)滑運(yùn)動(dòng)部件和冷卻活塞的循環(huán)系統(tǒng)。油依靠機(jī)械注油器被供應(yīng)到汽缸壁和活塞環(huán)。到達(dá)各運(yùn)動(dòng)部件的滑油能形成減少摩擦和磨損的油膜。11.Talkabouttheworkingprincipleofpurifieraccordingtothepicturegiven.(SeeFig.2-9)Itisusedtoremovewaterandimpuritiesfromfueloilandlubeoil.Thepurifierisveryimportantmachine.Itcontainsofanelectricmotor.Theelecticmotorcandriveaverticalshaft.Thebowlassemblyismountedonthetopoftheverticalshaft.Thehigh-speedrotationofthepurifiercanproducehugecentrifugalforce.Withtheactionofcentrifugalforce,thecleanoilflowinwardsandthewaterandimpuritiesflowoutwardsandthewater.Sothewholeprocesscouldbecontinuous.11根據(jù)實(shí)圖，說(shuō)一下分水機(jī)的工作原理。它用于從燃油和滑油中去除水和雜質(zhì)。分水機(jī)是非常重要的機(jī)器。它包括電動(dòng)機(jī)，電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)一個(gè)立式軸。分離桶組件安裝在立式軸頂部。分水機(jī)的高速旋轉(zhuǎn)能產(chǎn)生巨大的離心力。通過(guò)離心力，凈化的油向里流，水和雜質(zhì)向外流。所以整個(gè)過(guò)程能夠連續(xù)起來(lái)。12.Talkabouttheworkingprincipleofoilywaterseparatoraccordingtothepicturegiven.(SeeFig.2-10)Oilywaterseparatorsareusedtoseparateoilfrombilgewaterbeforethelatterispumpedoverboard.Theoilywaterseparatorworksontheprincipleofcoalescingsmalloildropletsinthewatertoformlargeroildrops.Whentheoildropsbecomelargeenough,thelowerdensityoildropsfloatsupandcollectsatthetopofthevessel.Theoillayerispumpedintoanoilybilgetankwhichcanbepumpedoutatanoilcollectingfacilitywhentheshiparrivesataport.12通過(guò)試圖，談一下油水分離器的工作原理油水分離器用于在艙底水排放到船外之前，從其里面分離油。油水分離器根據(jù)收集在水中小的油滴去構(gòu)成較大的油滴的原理工作。當(dāng)油滴變得足夠大的時(shí)候，低密度的油滴浮上來(lái)并在容器的頂部被收集。油層被泵入含油的艙底水艙，當(dāng)船到達(dá)港口時(shí)，通過(guò)集油設(shè)備被泵出。13.Talkabouttheanti-pollutionequipmentonboardship.Therearesomeanti-pollutionequipmentonboardship.Theyareoilywaterseparator,incineratorandsewagetreatmentsystem.Oilywaterseparatorareusedtoensurethatshipdonotdischargeoilwhenpumpingoutbilgewateroroilywater.Theincineratorisusedtotreattheoilsludgeandsolidwaste.Sewagetreatmentplantsareusedtotreatthesewagewaterthe6wholeshipproduced.Alltheseequipmentperformtheirdutiestopreventpollutionsfromshiptothesea.Andwemusttakegreatcareaboutthemtomeetthelowestlegislativerequirements.13談一下船上的防污設(shè)備在船上有很多防污設(shè)備。它們是油水分離器，焚化爐和污水處理裝置。油水分離器用于確保船在泵出艙底水或油污水時(shí)不排放出油。焚化爐用于處理油渣和固體廢棄物。一些處理裝置用于處理整艘船的污水。所有的這些設(shè)備執(zhí)行他們的職責(zé)防止來(lái)自于船的污染進(jìn)入大海。我們必須注意滿足最低的法律要求。14.Talkabouttheoperationofballastsystem.Theballastsystemisarrangedtodrawwaterfromanytankortheseaanddischargeittoanyothertankorthesea.Itisusedtoballastortrimthevessel.Whentransferringballastwaterfromonetanktoanother,wemustpaymuchattention.Opentherelatedvalvescorrectly.Closeothervalvesstartthepump.Otherwisewecouldnotpumpthewater.Thelastbutisimportant,wemustaskforthepermissionfromtheportauthoritiesbeforedischargeballastwaterorwe’llbefined.14談一下壓載系統(tǒng)地運(yùn)行壓載系統(tǒng)用于排放任何柜中的水以及排放水到任何的柜中和大海中。它用于壓載或平衡船。當(dāng)駁運(yùn)水從一個(gè)柜到另一柜時(shí)，我們必須注意。正確打開(kāi)相關(guān)的閥。關(guān)閉其他的閥，起動(dòng)泵。否則我們不能泵送水。最后也是最重要，我們?cè)谂欧潘氨仨毜玫礁蹌?wù)局的允許，否則我們將被罰款。15.Talkabouttheoperationofthebilgesystem..Theoperationofthebilgesystemisanimportantdailywork,whichneedsgreatcarefulness.Whenitisneeded,thefollowingproceduremustbestrictlyobserved:dischargethebilgetanksonebyone;openandclosetherelevantvalves;stoppumpingoutwhenthebilgetankisnearlyempty;payattentiontothefiltersandmud-boxestoensurenologging;thedischargemustmeettherelativelegislativerequirement;theoperationmustberecordedandreportedtoC/E.Thedutyengineershoulddischargethebilgeswaterbeforehandingoverawatch.Andreliefengineershouldcheckthebilgelevelwhentakingoverawatch.15談一下壓載系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行壓載系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行是一項(xiàng)重要的日常工作，需要非常小心。當(dāng)需要時(shí)，一下程序必須被嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行。一個(gè)接一個(gè)的排放壓載艙。打開(kāi)和關(guān)閉相關(guān)的閥。當(dāng)壓載艙快放空的時(shí)候停止泵送。注意確保細(xì)濾器和泥箱不被堵塞。排放必須滿足相關(guān)的法律要求。記錄操作，并向輪機(jī)長(zhǎng)報(bào)告。值班輪機(jī)員在交班之前必須排放艙底水。當(dāng)接班輪機(jī)員在接班時(shí)必須檢查艙底水位。第三章駕機(jī)聯(lián)系1.Communicationswithofficers.Inordertoensurethesafenavigationoftheship,frequentcommunicationbetweentheengineersandofficersisnecessary.Theusualmeansofcommunicationisbytelephoneandtelegraph.Ifthecommunicationbetweentheengineroomandthebridgefails,theshipwill7beendangered.Therecordsofcommunicationshouldbemaintainedwhichwillprovideevidenceintheeventofanaccidentatsea.Noonreportisalsoagoodmeansofcommunicationbetweentheengineroomandthebridge.1與駕駛員的聯(lián)系為了確保船的安全航行，輪機(jī)員和駕駛員之間密切的聯(lián)系通是必須的。通常的通信工具是電話和電報(bào)。如果機(jī)艙和駕駛臺(tái)之間的聯(lián)系的失敗，船將會(huì)很危險(xiǎn)。記錄聯(lián)系記錄——萬(wàn)一航行中發(fā)生事故，可以提供證據(jù)。中午報(bào)告也是機(jī)艙和駕駛臺(tái)之間良好的聯(lián)系方式。2.Noonreport.（兩份答案參選）Duringsailing,C/Ewouldreadthelogbookcarefullyeverynoon.Accordingtotheparametersinlogbook,hewouldfilluptheengineroomnoonreport.Theparameterscontainpressure,temperatures.Oilconsumed,andsoon.Anothernoonreportwouldbemadebythedeckdepartment.Thesetworeportsshouldbeexchangedbetweentwodepartmentsatnoontime.2中午報(bào)告航行中，輪機(jī)長(zhǎng)每天必須仔細(xì)閱讀機(jī)艙日志。根據(jù)機(jī)艙日志的參數(shù)，他將會(huì)填寫機(jī)艙中午報(bào)告。這些參數(shù)包括壓力，溫度，耗油量等等。甲板部將會(huì)制作另一份中午報(bào)告。在中午的時(shí)候兩個(gè)部門將會(huì)交換兩份報(bào)告。Noonreportisoneofitemswhichmustberecordedeveryday.Itisatable.Recorddailyperformancedataandworkinghoursofthemainengineandauxiliaryengines.Someofthedataofmainenginerunning.Shipandvoyagearetoberecorded,suchasthetotalrevolutionsandoveragerpmofmainengine.Atnoonthespeedoftheship,thedistanceoftheshiphasmadeandthedistancestillremainstothenextportofcallandofcoursetheETAwhichcanbewithoutaccordingtothepresentspeedandsituations.3.Takeoverwatch.Thetakingoverengineershouldarriveattheengineroom15minutesbeforehiswatch.Thencheckaroundtheengineroomandsteeringgearroomtoensurealltherunningequipmentsareingoodorder.Thefollowingparametersmustbeincorrectvalue:M/Eexhaustgastemperature,M/Elubeoilsumptanklevel.Pressureandtemperatureoflubeoilandcoolingwatersystem,andsoon.Heshouldalsocheckallthelevelsandconditionsofallthetanksandanyspecialrequirementforuseordisposalofthecontentsandsoon.3接班接班輪機(jī)員應(yīng)在15分鐘內(nèi)到達(dá)機(jī)艙，對(duì)機(jī)艙和舵機(jī)間進(jìn)行檢查，以確保所有設(shè)備處于良好的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)。下面的參數(shù)必須在正確的數(shù)值：主機(jī)的廢氣溫度，男/E的潤(rùn)滑油集水缸水平。潤(rùn)滑油、冷卻水系統(tǒng)的壓力和溫度。他還應(yīng)該檢查所有柜的液位和狀態(tài)及任何使用或處理艙中液體的特殊要求。4.Handoverwatch.Whenfinishingwatch,eachmemberondutyshouldhandovertohisrelief,hemustensurethatthereliefisabletotakeoverandcarryouthisduties.Beforehandingoverthewatch,theengineerinchargeofthewatchshallensurethatalleventsrelatedtothemainandauxiliary8machineryaresuitablyrecorded.Heshouldtelltherelievingengineerthestandingorders,specialinstructionsandunfinishedwork,ifany.Ifhehasanyreasontobelievethattherelievingengineerisnotcapableofcarryingoutthewatchkeepingdutieseffectively,heshallnothandoverthewatchandthechiefengineershallbenotified.4交班當(dāng)完成值班時(shí)，每一個(gè)值班人員應(yīng)當(dāng)交接給接班人員，他必須確保能夠接班并執(zhí)行他的職責(zé)。在交班之前，負(fù)責(zé)值班的輪機(jī)員應(yīng)當(dāng)確保記錄了關(guān)于主輔機(jī)的所有相關(guān)事件。他應(yīng)當(dāng)告訴接班輪機(jī)員常規(guī)命令，特別說(shuō)明和未完成的工作。如果他有任何的理由相信接班人員不能有效的執(zhí)行值班職責(zé)，他將不會(huì)交班并通知輪機(jī)長(zhǎng)。5.Standbyenginebeforedeparture.Afterthisorderisgivenfrombridge,thefollowingworkshouldbedoneonebyone:Checkmainenginetelegraphandship’sclockTestthesteeringgearoperationStartanothergeneratorandputinuseStartallnecessarypumpsPutonturninggearandletitrunabouthalfhourDrainwaterfromairreceiver5離開(kāi)前備車駕駛臺(tái)發(fā)出指令后，做一下的工作檢查主機(jī)車鐘和船上的表測(cè)試舵機(jī)的運(yùn)行啟動(dòng)另一個(gè)發(fā)電機(jī)并投入使用啟動(dòng)所有必要的泵嚙合盤車機(jī)并使其運(yùn)行約半小時(shí)泄放空氣瓶的水6.Standbyengineaftersailing.1)Whendoyoubeginstandingbyengine?2)Howdoyoustandbyengine?Beforearrivingatsomewheresomethingmustbedoneinadvance:theC/Emustbeintheenginecontrolroom.Thedutyengineermustpreparethefuelchangingoverfromheavyfueltodieseloilthestartingairbottlesmustbepumpeduptotheirmaximumallowablepressure.Theoilywaterseparatorandfreshwatergeneratoraretobestopped.Startanotheralternatorforsufficientpowersupplysomecontrolmodesmustbechangedtomanualonesandsoon.6航行后備車在到達(dá)某地之前，一些事情須提前被做：老軌必須在集控室。值班輪機(jī)員必須準(zhǔn)備換油，啟動(dòng)空氣瓶須泵至最大可允許的壓力。油水分離器和造水機(jī)要停止運(yùn)行。再啟動(dòng)一臺(tái)發(fā)電機(jī)用于提供足夠電力。一些控制模式必須換到手動(dòng)，等等。7.Measurestobetakenbydutyengineersatroughsea.filtersshouldbecleanedintime.Allmovingpartsmustbetightened.M/Esystemparametersshouldbekeptincorrectvalue,suchastheexhaustgastemperature,lubeoiltemperatureandpressure,coolingwatertemperatureandpressureandsoon.7在波濤洶涌的海上，值班輪機(jī)員采取的措施在波濤洶涌的海上，主機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速應(yīng)該降到一個(gè)安全值。燃油濾器和滑油濾器應(yīng)該及時(shí)清洗。所有運(yùn)動(dòng)部件必須擰緊。主機(jī)系統(tǒng)參數(shù)應(yīng)該保持在正確值，比如排氣溫度，滑油溫度和壓力，冷卻水溫度和壓力，等等。8.Actiontobetakenafter“Finishwithengine”.Afterthisorderisgiven,thefollowingworkshouldbecarriedout:Ensurethetelegraphatstopposition.Shutthestartingairvalves.OpenM/Eindicatorvalves.Putinturninggear,andletitrunabouthalfanhour.StopM/Elubeoilpump20minuteslater.8完車后采取的措施在完車令發(fā)出后，應(yīng)該做以下工作：確保車鐘在停車位關(guān)閉啟動(dòng)空氣閥打開(kāi)主機(jī)示功閥嚙合盤車機(jī)，使其運(yùn)行約半小時(shí)二十分鐘后停主機(jī)滑油泵9.Talkaboutthesteeringgeartesting.Asweknow,everytimebeforesailing,steeringgearmustbetested.Afterthefeedoilpumpisstarted.ThedutyofficerfrombridgeoperatesthesteeringgearatdifferentdegreesEachtime,thedutyengineercanreadoutthedegreefromsteeringgearroom,andthedegreeshouldhavenodifferencewithbridgedegree.就如我們所知的一樣，在每次航行前，必須試舵。在啟動(dòng)給油泵后，駕駛臺(tái)的值班駕駛員以不同的度數(shù)來(lái)操舵。每次值班輪機(jī)員要從舵機(jī)室讀出度數(shù)，度數(shù)應(yīng)與駕駛臺(tái)的沒(méi)有任何差別。9談一下舵機(jī)測(cè)試10.Actionstobetakeninthecaseofthetrialofmainengine.Beforethetrialofmainengine,thedutyengineershouldcorrecttheclockandtelegraphwiththedutyofficeronbridgeanddothefollowings:a.Keeptheoilsandwater’stemperatureandpressureataworkingvalueb.Putintheturninggear,givethemainengineatleastonecompleteruntoensurethatthere’snowaterflowsfromtheindicatorcock,everymovingpartsmovefreely,andatthesametime,handoperatethecylinderlubricators,thentakeouttheturninggear.c.Openorclosetherelativevalvesd.Pumpupthestartingairreservoirstotheirmaxpressuree.Checkallhand-oilandgrease-lubricatedbearingstoensuretheirlubricantiscorrect.10f.CheckthereversingandcontrolgearAsallthesehavebeendone,hecanstartthemainengineonairbrieflyonbothdirections,andthengiveitabrieftrialonpoweraheadandastern.Atlast,thedutyengineershouldring―stand–by‖ontheenginetelegraph.10萬(wàn)一主機(jī)試車時(shí)，采取的行動(dòng)在試車前，值班輪機(jī)員和值班駕駛員應(yīng)核對(duì)時(shí)間和車鐘，并且做一下工作：a.保持油溫，水溫和壓力在工作時(shí)的數(shù)值b.嚙合盤車機(jī)，讓其至少轉(zhuǎn)完整的一轉(zhuǎn)來(lái)確保沒(méi)有水從示功閥流出。每個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)部件要運(yùn)動(dòng)自如，同時(shí)手動(dòng)操作氣缸注油器，然后脫開(kāi)盤車機(jī)。C．打開(kāi)或關(guān)閉相關(guān)閥d.啟動(dòng)空氣瓶泵至最大壓力e.檢查所有手動(dòng)注油和油脂潤(rùn)滑承來(lái)確保潤(rùn)滑劑正確f.檢查換向和控制裝置當(dāng)所有這些完成。正車和倒車來(lái)啟動(dòng)主機(jī)，并且做簡(jiǎn)單的試車，最后值班輪機(jī)員應(yīng)在車鐘上發(fā)出備車令11.TalkaboutEngineRoomOrdersAnyengineordergivenshouldberepeatedbythepersonoperatingthebridgetelegraphandtheengineeronwatchshouldensuretheorderiscarriedoutcorrectlyandimmediately.Theengineordersinclude:Standbyengines;Finishedwithengines;Stopengine;Fullahead;halfahead;slowahead;deadslowahead;Fullastern;Halfastern;Slowastern;Deadslowastern;Emergencyfullahead;Emergencyfullastern.Wherebowthrustersareused,thefollowingordersareused:Bowthrusterfull/halftoportside;Bowthrusterfull/halftostarboardside;Stemthrusterfull/halftoportside;Stemthrusterfull/halftostarboardside;Bow/stemthrusterstop.11談一下機(jī)艙命令任何機(jī)艙令應(yīng)由操作駕駛臺(tái)車鐘的人重復(fù)，值班輪機(jī)員應(yīng)確保命令正確及時(shí)執(zhí)行。機(jī)艙令包括：備車，完車，停車全速前進(jìn)，半速前進(jìn)，慢速前進(jìn)，微速前進(jìn)全速倒車，半速倒車，慢速倒車，微速倒車緊急全速正車，緊急全速倒車12.TalkaboutthetelegraphintheengineroomThistelegraphisonthecontrolroomconsole.ItisusedtocontrolandindicatetheM.E.condition.Onthetelegraph,twodirectionsareshown,thatis,aheadandastern,andbetweenthemisthestopposition.Everytimebeforesailing,thistelegraphmustbechecked.Itshouldhavenodifferencewiththebridgetelegraph.12談一下機(jī)艙車鐘車鐘在控制室的面板上。被用于控制和顯示主機(jī)狀況。在車鐘上，顯示兩個(gè)方向，那就是，正車和倒車，在它們之間是停車位。每次航行前，車鐘必須被檢查。機(jī)艙車鐘應(yīng)與駕駛臺(tái)的沒(méi)有任何差別。第四章應(yīng)急用語(yǔ)1.Describebrieflyoneofthemainenginebreakdowncasesthatyouexperiencedorheard.LastyearwhenIworkedonabulkcarrier,Ifoundtheexhausttemperatureofthemainengineisrisingquickly.Therewasafireinthescavengeairbox.Theenginewassloweddown.Thefuelwasshutofffromtheaffectedcylinders.Iopenedwidetheinletvalveofthecoolingwater.Thedutymotormanincreasedthecylinderlubrication.Thefirequicklyburntout.1簡(jiǎn)短描述一下你經(jīng)歷或聽(tīng)到的主機(jī)損壞情況去年在散貨船上工作，我發(fā)現(xiàn)主機(jī)排氣溫度上升很快。掃氣箱著火了。主機(jī)降速。切斷受影響的汽缸的燃油。我完全打開(kāi)冷卻水進(jìn)入閥。值班機(jī)工增大汽缸潤(rùn)滑。火快速熄滅。2.Actionstobetakenintheeventofsuddenstoppageofthemainengine.Intheeventofsuddenstoppageofthemainengine,thepossiblecausemaybethesafetyprotectionsystemfunctioning,duetolowlubeoilpressure,fueloilbreakdown,blackout,overspeedandsoon.Generally,weshouldtakethefollowingactions:first,wewillcarefullycheckthemainengineandfindthecauses.Second,wewilltakemeasurestoremedythetrouble.Third,wewillresetandrestartthemainengine.2萬(wàn)一主機(jī)突然停止，采取的措施萬(wàn)一主機(jī)突然停止，可能是由于低的滑油壓力，燃油故障，全船斷電，超速使安全保護(hù)系統(tǒng)起作用。通常，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)采取以下行動(dòng)：首先，我們仔細(xì)檢查主機(jī)并發(fā)現(xiàn)原因。其次。我們采取措施修復(fù)故障。第三，我們重新設(shè)定并重啟主機(jī)。3.Actionstobetakenintheeventoftheturbochargersurge.Iftheturbochargersurges,thepossiblecausesincludehighbackpressureofexhaustmanifoldandlowflowingquantity,rapidchangeinload,insufficientfueloil,badcombustion,scavengefireandsoon.Intheeventofturbochargersurge,wewillslowdownthemainengine,findthecauses,anddosomeremedies.3如果渦輪增壓器喘震，采取的措施如果渦輪增壓器喘震?？赡苁怯膳艢饪偣艿母弑硥汉偷土髁?，負(fù)載的快速變化，燃油不足，燃燒不良掃氣箱著火等引起的。萬(wàn)一渦輪增壓器喘震，我們將給主機(jī)降速，發(fā)現(xiàn)愿意，做一些修復(fù)。4.Noticestobetakenwhenthemainenginerunningwithonecylinderbeingcutoff.當(dāng)主機(jī)單缸封缸運(yùn)行的時(shí)候，采取的措施WhentheM/Eisrunningwithonecylinderbeingcutoff,theM/Espeedandloadshouldbereducedtoavoidothercylindersbecomingoverload.Specialattentionshouldbepaidtothe12exhausttemperatureoftheremainingcylinders.Itcannotexceednormalfullloadtemperatures.Iftheturbochargersurges,reducetheloadfurthertoavoidcontinuoussurging.當(dāng)主機(jī)單缸封缸運(yùn)行的時(shí)候，減小主機(jī)速度和負(fù)載去避免其他汽缸過(guò)載。特別注意剩余汽缸的排氣溫度。它不能超過(guò)正常的全負(fù)荷溫度。如果渦輪增壓器喘震，進(jìn)一步減小負(fù)載以避免持續(xù)喘震。5.Actionstobetakenwhenscavengefireoccurs.Ifascavengefireoccurs,thefollowingactionsshouldbetakenatonce:Reportittothebridge(captain).Ifthereisasmallfire:(1)slowdowntheengine;(2)cutofffuelsupplyofaffectedcylinders;(3)increasecylinderlubricationminimizetheriskofseizure;(4)closeallthescavengedrains.Afireextinguishingmediumshouldbeinjectedthroughthefittingprovidedinthescavengetrunk.Onnoaccountshouldthetrunkbeopenedup.Ifthereisabigfire,theenginemustbestopped.5如果掃氣箱著火，采取的行動(dòng)如果掃氣箱著火，立刻采取一下行動(dòng)：報(bào)告給駕駛臺(tái)或船長(zhǎng)。如果發(fā)生小型火災(zāi)1給主機(jī)降速2切斷受影響的汽缸的供油。3增加汽缸潤(rùn)滑減小卡死的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)4關(guān)閉所有掃氣口。一個(gè)滅火介質(zhì)通過(guò)掃氣箱的裝置注入。在任何情況下掃氣箱都不應(yīng)當(dāng)打開(kāi)。如果有大型火災(zāi)，應(yīng)立刻停車。6.Actionstobetakenwhenacrankcaseexplosionoccurs.Ifacrankcaseexplosionoccurs,thefollowingactionsshouldbetakenatonce:(1)reporttothebridge(captain);(2)stoptheengine;(3)stopfueloilprimarypump;(4)stoplubricatingoilpump;(5)cutoffstartingair;(6)engageturninggear.6如果曲軸箱爆炸，采取的行動(dòng)：如果曲軸箱爆炸，采取一下行動(dòng)：1報(bào)告駕駛臺(tái)或船長(zhǎng)2停止主機(jī)3停止燃油原動(dòng)泵4停止滑油泵5切斷啟動(dòng)空氣6嚙合盤車機(jī)7.Describebrieflyoneoftheblackoutcasesthatyouexperiencedorheard.1)thecase.事件2)actionstakeninthatcase.在事件中采取的行動(dòng)3)Yourcommentsastotheactions.對(duì)于行動(dòng)的你的評(píng)論Oneday,ourshipsuddenlyblackedoutwhileatsea,luckilythestateofseawasgood,wedealtwithit.Theengineertookthefollowingactions:hestoppedthemainenginefirst,andinformedthebridgeandchiefengineerimmediately,thenstartedthestandbygeneratorassoonaspossible.Withpowersupplyhestartedthesteeringgearandpumpsfirst,andthenstartedthemainengine.Themeasurewascorrect,andatlastthepowerwasrecovered.7簡(jiǎn)單描述一下你聽(tīng)到或經(jīng)歷的全船斷電的事例一天，在航行時(shí)我們的船突然全船斷電，幸運(yùn)的是海況很好，我們處理它。輪機(jī)員采取以下行動(dòng)：首先他停止主機(jī)，離開(kāi)通知駕駛臺(tái)和輪機(jī)長(zhǎng)，然后盡快啟動(dòng)備用發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。供電之后首先啟動(dòng)舵機(jī)和泵，然后啟動(dòng)主機(jī)。措施正確，最后動(dòng)力將會(huì)恢復(fù)。8.Describetheproceduretostartanemergencygenerator.Whenwestarttheemergencygenerator,weshouldtakethefollowingsteps.First,checkthelubeoilandfueloillevels,aswellasthewaterlevel.Second,theselectingswitchwillchangeoverfrom―automatic‖to―manual‖.Third,pushthestartingbutton,andcheckthevoltageandfrequency.8描述一下起動(dòng)應(yīng)急發(fā)電機(jī)的程序當(dāng)我們起動(dòng)應(yīng)急發(fā)電機(jī)時(shí)，我們采取以下步驟，首先檢查滑油和燃油，以及水位。其次選擇開(kāi)關(guān)從自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換到手動(dòng)。第三，按起動(dòng)按鈕，檢查電壓和頻率。9.Describethemaintenanceworkofemergencybattery.Themaintenanceworkofemergencybatteryinclude:1)checktheelectrolytelevel.2)Keeptheemergencybatteryclean.3)Measurethevoltageofthebattery.4)Measurethespecificgravityoftheelectrolyte.5)Periodicallychargeanddischargethebatterysoastoprotecttheplateelectrode.9描述一下應(yīng)急蓄電池的保養(yǎng)工作應(yīng)急蓄電池的保養(yǎng)工作包括：1檢查電解液液位2保持應(yīng)急蓄電池的干凈3測(cè)量蓄電池的電壓4測(cè)量電解液的比重5定期給蓄電池充電和放電，來(lái)保護(hù)電極板。10.Actionstobetakenwhenablackoutoccursintheengine.Ifablackoutoccurs,thefollowingactionsshouldbetakenatonce:(1)informthebridgeandchiefe