新視野大學(xué)英語第四冊 unit6B What does feminism really mean

新視野大學(xué)英語第四冊u(píng)nit6BWhatdoesfeminismreallymean新視野大學(xué)英語第四冊u(píng)nit6BWhatdoesfeminismreallymean新視野大學(xué)英語第四冊u(píng)nit6BWhatdoesfeminismreallymeanxxx公司新視野大學(xué)英語第四冊u(píng)nit6BWhatdoesfeminismreallymean文件編號(hào)：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計(jì)，管理制度Whatdoesfeminismreallymean?女權(quán)主義究竟是什么？Imagineaworldwhereskirts,makeup,andhighheelsareprohibited,wheremenareforbiddenfromgivinggiftstowomen,wheremothersignoretheirchildren,andwheremarriageanddatingareobscene.Itsoundsnightmarish,butthisisthedogmamanypeoplehaveinmindwhentheyheartheword"feminism".Feminists,we'retold,hatemenandwantthemdead.Orfeministswanttoswitchplaceswithmen,sowomencanworkalldayandmencanallstayhomeandkeephouse.Ormaybefeministswanttobelikemen:dressidentically,usethesametoilets,competeinthesamesportsleagues.Ifthisdefinitionistrue,itseemsfeministswouldbetheprovocationforinsurgenciesacrossthewholeofsociety,breakingroutines,eradicatingtraditionsandruiningeveryone'slivesintheprocess!設(shè)想這樣一個(gè)世界：在這里，短裙、化妝品和高跟鞋通通遭禁，男人們被禁止給女人送禮物，母親們對她們的孩子全然不顧，而婚姻與約會(huì)更被視為下流。這聽起來像是夢魘，卻是很多人在聽到“女權(quán)主義”這個(gè)詞時(shí)而想到的教條。有人告訴我們說，女權(quán)主義者仇恨男人，希望他們都死掉?；蛘呤桥畽?quán)主義者想要與男人互換位置，這樣女人就可以成天工作，而男人則都呆在家里管理家務(wù)。又或者是女權(quán)主義者想要像男人一樣：穿同樣的衣服，用同樣的馬桶，在同樣的運(yùn)動(dòng)聯(lián)盟中比賽。如果這種定義是真的，那似乎女權(quán)主義者將會(huì)挑起全社會(huì)的暴亂，進(jìn)而破除慣例，消滅傳統(tǒng)，甚至在此過程中毀掉每個(gè)人的生命！Fortunately,that'snotfeminism!Feministsdon'tbelievethatwomenarebetterthanmenorthatwomenneedtobecomeordisplacemen.True,somefeministsenjoymasculinepursuitslikeboxing,buttheydon'twanttoejectmenfromsociety.Feministshavefathers,brothers,husbands,andsons.Theirlivesarejustascoiledupwiththosetheyloveasanyoneelse's.幸運(yùn)的是，那并不是女權(quán)主義！女權(quán)主義者不相信女人比男人更優(yōu)秀，抑或女人要成為男人或取代男人。誠然，一些女權(quán)主義者喜歡像拳擊那樣的男性所熱衷的愛好，但她們并不想將男人從社會(huì)中驅(qū)逐出去。女權(quán)主義者也有父親、兄弟、丈夫和兒子。她們的生活就像其他任何人一樣，與她們所愛的人密不可分。So,whatdofeministsbelieve

Distilledtoitsessence,feminismistheideathatmenandwomenshouldhaveequalopportunities.Awomanshouldbeabletobeaman'sbossifsheisascapableasanyothermanager,oramanshouldbeallowedtolookafterchildrenifhehastheinterestandability.Nobodyshouldfindthesituationstrangeorcallit"queer".Inotherwords,feministsbelieveinaworldwherenoonefeelscolonizedoroppressedbecauseoftherolestheyfill.

那么，女權(quán)主義者究竟信仰什么？歸根結(jié)底，女權(quán)主義指的是男人和女人應(yīng)該擁有平等的機(jī)會(huì)。如果一個(gè)女人與其他任何經(jīng)理一樣能干，那她就可以做男人的老板；如果一個(gè)男人有照料孩子的興趣和能力，那就應(yīng)該允許他去照看孩子，沒有人會(huì)覺得這種情況奇怪或稱之為“怪異”。換句話說，女權(quán)主義者相信有這樣一個(gè)世界，在那里，沒有人會(huì)因其承擔(dān)的角色而感到被奴役或受壓制。Insomecountries,genderequalityremainsfaraway.Thereareplaceswherewomenaren'tallowedtoparticipateingovernmentorpubliclife,wherewomenaredeniededucationandremainilliterate,andplaceswherewomenhavetokeeptheirhairandfaceshidden,ortheywillriskterriblelashes,detention,orevenexecution.Thereareplaceswhereyoung,virgingirls,withnojudicialprocesstoprotectthem,areforcedtomarryoldmenandbearchildrenagainsttheirwill.Thereareplaceswherewomenarenotallowedtodriveacarorsitinthesamesectionasmenwhenusingpublictransit.在有些國家，性別平等還遠(yuǎn)未實(shí)現(xiàn)。有些地方不允許女性參與政府工作或公共生活，不讓女性接受教育以致她們?nèi)允俏拿?；有些地方女人必須遮蓋住頭發(fā)和面容，否則就要面臨可怕的鞭笞、拘役甚至被處死。也有些地方，年幼的少女沒有司法程序的保護(hù)，被迫嫁給年老的男子并違背她們的意愿生育孩子。還有些地方不允許女人開車或在乘坐公共交通工具時(shí)與男人坐在同一區(qū)域。Incomparison,insomeotherpartsoftheworld,therightsofwomenhavegrowntremendously.IntheUnitedStates,modernwomenlivedownrightluxuriouslivescomparedtothePilgrimsincolonialtimes.AndintheBritishIsles,modernwomenareessentiallyequaltomencomparedtothetimewhentheearlykingssatupontheirmightythrones.Feminists,menaswellaswomen,havefoughthardtooverthrowoutdateddiscriminatorypracticesandwinrightswenowtakeforgranted,suchasgirlsattendingschool,womengainingthevotingballotandrunninginelectoralracesfortheSenate,womenowningproperty,womeninsalesearningequalcommissionsasmen,andwomenchoosingwhetherornottomarryorhavechildren.Theserightshavegivenwomencontrolovertheirownliveswhileincreasingvastlythenumberofpeopleintheworkforcewhodiscovernewideasandpatentnewinventions.Canyouimaginelifewithoutfemalescientists,inventors,doctors,teachers,andwriters?相比之下，在世界其他一些地方，女性的權(quán)利已大大提升。在美國，與殖民時(shí)期的朝圣者相比，現(xiàn)代女性過著極其奢侈的生活。在英倫諸島，現(xiàn)代女性與早先國王的統(tǒng)治時(shí)期相比，基本上已與男性一切平等。女權(quán)主義者，不論是男性還是女性，都曾奮力消除陳舊的歧視性做法，以贏得我們現(xiàn)在認(rèn)為是理所當(dāng)然的權(quán)利，比如女孩有機(jī)會(huì)上學(xué)、女性獲得投票權(quán)并參與參議院議員席位的競選、女性擁有財(cái)產(chǎn)、女性銷售員掙得同男性一樣的提成、女性有權(quán)選擇是否結(jié)婚或生子。這些權(quán)利使得女性能夠左右自己的生活，并極大增加了能夠找到新點(diǎn)子、申請新發(fā)明專利的勞動(dòng)者的數(shù)量。你能想象沒有女科學(xué)家、女發(fā)明家、女醫(yī)生、女教師或者女作家的生活嗎？

Withalltheprogressofthelastdecades,itcanbehardtoseethatthereisstillworktobedone,ortorememberwhatwassodifficultbefore.Modernwomenmayraiseachorusofcomplaintsthattherearenoconfidentmenleft,andblamefeminism.Amodemmanmaylongforthedayswhenawifewouldstayhomewithaspatulaandasponge,cookingkidneybeansandsteakfordinner,fascinatedbyhisworkstories.However,hewouldbeforgettingtheneedtomakeenoughmoneytosupporthishouseholdalone.有了過去幾十年的進(jìn)步，人們會(huì)很難看出在女權(quán)主義方面還有什么工作要做，也很難記得以前有多么艱難?，F(xiàn)代女性可能會(huì)齊聲抱怨，說現(xiàn)今再也沒有真正自信的男人了，并因此譴責(zé)女權(quán)主義。現(xiàn)代男性會(huì)渴望以前那樣的日子，那時(shí)妻子呆在家里拿著鍋鏟和海綿圍著鍋臺(tái)轉(zhuǎn)，做蕓豆和牛排晚餐，還會(huì)入迷地聽他講工作中的故事，而此時(shí)，他卻忘記了自己需要單獨(dú)賺足夠的錢養(yǎng)家。Truthfully,mostofusarefeministstosomedegree.Amanwhobelievesthatwomenshouldsticktoworkingastranscribingsecretariesormidwivesandleavethe"good"jobstomenwithfamiliesismorefeministthanamanwhobelievesinstrictsegregationofthegendersorwhoinsiststhatawomanshouldn'tleavethehouseorspeaktostrangers.A"trophywife"whodoesnothingbutapplyeyelinerandlipstickandgotopartiesisstillfeministenoughtobelievesheshouldn'tbehostagetoherhusband,unabletogotothepoliceifheattacksherfortellinghim"no"Manyofusarefeministindeed;weworkinblendedgroupsofmenandwomen,dividingtasksaccordingtoabilityandinterest,readbookswithoutcaringaboutthegenderoftheauthor,andlistentofemaleteachersaswellasmaleoneswithequalattentionandrespect.說實(shí)話，我們中的大多數(shù)人在某種程度上都是女權(quán)主義者。如果一位男士認(rèn)為女人都應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持做記錄員或助產(chǎn)士，而把“好”工作留給需要養(yǎng)家的男人，那么，他與一名信奉嚴(yán)格的性別隔離制度或一名堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為女人不應(yīng)該到外面或和陌生人說話的男性比起來，要更加具有女權(quán)意識(shí)。即使是一個(gè)只知道畫眼線、涂唇膏和參加聚會(huì)而其他什么也不做的“花瓶太太”，她也具有足夠的女權(quán)意識(shí)，認(rèn)為自己不應(yīng)該是丈夫的人質(zhì)，不應(yīng)該因?qū)φ煞蛘f“不”而遭到毆打也不敢報(bào)警。我們中很多人實(shí)際上都是女權(quán)主義者；我們在男女共事的團(tuán)隊(duì)中工作，依據(jù)各人的能力和興趣分配任務(wù)，讀書時(shí)不會(huì)在意作者的性別，聽課時(shí)不論老師是女是男，我們都心懷敬意，認(rèn)真聽講。Yeteventhemostfeministenvironmentshavebarriersweneedtotunnelthrough.Forexample,wemightcriticizesuccessfulfemalesolicitorsfornotdevotingenoughtimetotheirfamilies,orlookdownonthosewomenwhostayhomewithchildrenfornotbeingambitiousenoughtotakeupacareer.Wemightlookdownonmenwhodisobeyfemalebossesfornotbeingteamplayers,orlookdownonothermenwhoobeythesamebossesforactinginsufficientlymasculine.然而，哪怕是最具女權(quán)主義的環(huán)境也有我們尚需逾越的障礙。比如，我們可能會(huì)批評(píng)成功的女律師沒有花足夠的時(shí)間照顧家庭，或者歧視那些呆在家里照看孩子的女性，認(rèn)為她們?nèi)狈h(yuǎn)大的志向去從事一份職業(yè)。我們可能會(huì)看不起那些不順從女上司的男人，認(rèn)為他們不具備團(tuán)隊(duì)意識(shí)；也可能會(huì)歧視另一些聽從于這些女上司的男人，認(rèn)為他們行為舉止缺乏男子氣。Theseseemlikesmallproblems,thelingeringghostsofgreaterissues,butthey'resignificantw