新編英語(yǔ)教程6 主編李觀儀 1-7單元課件

新編英語(yǔ)教程6主編李觀儀1-7單元課件新編英語(yǔ)教程6主編李觀儀1-7單元課件新編英語(yǔ)教程6主編李觀儀1-7單元課件新編英語(yǔ)教程6主編李觀儀1-7單元課件編制僅供參考審核批準(zhǔn)生效日期地址：電話：傳真:郵編:UnitOne

TextITwoWordstoAvoid,TwoWordstoRememberI.LibraryWork1.Manhattan,anislandnearthemouthoftheHudsonRiver,isaboroughofNewYorkCity,insoutheasternNewYorkState,U.S.A.Commercialandculturalheartofthecity,ManhattanisthesiteoftheMetropolitanOperaHouse,CarnegieHall,theCityCenterofMusicandDrama,I.LibraryWorkandnumerousothermusicinstitutions.MainmuseumsandartgalleriesofManhattanincludetheMetropolitanMuseumofArt,andAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory,etc.ColumbiaUniversityandNewYorkI.LibraryWorkinterestaretheRockefellerCenter,theEmpireApsychiatristisamedicalpractitionerspecializinginthediagnosis,andtreatmentofmentalillness.Generally,aftercompletionofmedicaltraining,physicianstakeathree-yearresidencyinpsychiatrytobecomequalifiedI.LibraryWorkpsychiatrists.Aspsychiatryisanareaofmedicine,psychiatriststendtoviewandconceptualizedisorderedbehaviorastypesofmentalillness.Thosewhohavementalillness,psychologicalandemotionaldisordersconsultpsychiatrists.I.LibraryWorkSigmundFreud/‵zikmunt‵froit/(1856-1939)isanAustrianphysicianandthefounderofpsychoanalysis.Freudexploredtheworkingsofthehumanmindanddevelopedpsychoanalysisasatherapeutictechniquetotreatneurosisormentaldisturbances.HisideaoftheunconsciousmentalprocessesandhisI.LibraryWorktheorythataprincipalcauseofneurosisistherepressionofpainfulmemoriesintotheunconsciousholdacentralplaceinpsychologyandpsychiatrytoday.II.OrganizationoftheTextI.Settingofthestory(Paragraphs1–3)①Theinstructivesignificanceofthestory(1)②Setting(2–3)II.Developmentofthestory(Paragraphs4–31)①InthelittleFrenchrestaurant(4–8)II.OrganizationoftheText②IntheOldMan’soffice(9–26)③Outsidetheoffice(27-31)III.Denouementorconclusion(Paragraphs32–33)III.KeyPointsoftheTextParagraph1rewarding:worthdoing;satisfyingchangeforthebetter:improvesomethingthatalreadyexistsorthathasgonebefore向著較好的情況轉(zhuǎn)變；為了取得更好的結(jié)果Paragraph1E.g.:Hishealthhaschangedforthebetter.他的健康狀況已有好轉(zhuǎn)。makealterationsforthebetterinthedesignofahouse修改房屋的設(shè)計(jì)使之更趨完善Paragraph1c.f.:changefortheworse:makeworsesomethingthatalreadyexistsorthathasgonebefore向著較壞的情況轉(zhuǎn)變，更不好E.g.:Heboughtanewcarbutitturnedouttobefortheworse.他買了一輛新汽車，但結(jié)果比原來(lái)的還不好。Paragraph1forbetter(or)forworse(或forbetterorworse):inbothgoodandbadfortune;whethertheresultisgoodorbad同甘共苦,禍福與共;不管是好是歹,不論是禍?zhǔn)歉?不管結(jié)果怎樣Paragraph1E.g.:Hehasresolvedtotakeherforbetterorforworse.不論是福是禍，他決心娶她為妻。Mostleave-takingforbetterorworsearetemporaryaffairs.不管怎樣，大多數(shù)的告別只是暫別。Paragraph1Nothinginlifeismoreexcitingandrewardingthanthesuddenflashoflightthatleavesyouachangedpersonnotonlychanged,butchangedforthebetter:Themostinspiringandgratifyingfactoflifeistheunexpectedsparkofenlightenmentthatmakesyoudifferentandabetterpersonthanbefore.Paragraph1Accordingtotheauthor,howmuchdidthesessionwithhispsychiatristfriendthatafternoonmeantohim?Tohim,thesessionwasjustlike“aflashofinsightthatleaveshimachangedpersonnotonlychanged,butchangedforthebetter.”P(pán)aragraph2wintry:oforlikewinter;cold,snowy(似)冬天的；寒冷的；多雪的E.g.:awintrysmile冷若冰雪的微笑Paragraph2frustrated:feelingannoyeddisappointmentbecauseofthepreventionofthefulfillmentofordefeatofsomeoneorsomeone’seffort,hopes,etc.表示作出的某種努力受阻而失望或沮喪E.g.:I’mfeelingratherfrustratedinmypresentjob;Ineedachange.Paragraph2Ifeelfrustrated;Ican’tgoafterall!我感到很失望；我終歸還是去不成了。depressed:sad;lowinspirits沮喪的；抑郁的；（意志）消沉的E.g.:Ifeelreallydepressedtoday,nothingwentright.今天我真倒霉，什么都不順利。Paragraph2onone’spart:madeordonebyone某人所做的，某人有責(zé)任的；就某人而言，在某人一方；代表某人E.g.:Iconsiderthisagrossoversightonyourpart.我認(rèn)為這是你的嚴(yán)重疏忽。Itwasthelapseonthepartofmywife.這是我妻子出的差錯(cuò)。Paragraph2Therearestillsomedoubtsonthepartoftheemployers.雇主方面仍心存懷疑。Afrankquestiononhispartledtoafrankansweronmine.他問(wèn)題提得直率，因此我也回答得坦誠(chéng)。Heexpressedappreciationonthepartofhimselfandhiscolleagues.他代表自己以及同事們表示感謝。Paragraph2fallthrough:failtobesuccessfullycompleted;cometonothing失敗，成為泡影；不能踐約，失約E.g.:Tohisdisappointment,hisplantodofurtherstudiesintheuniversityfellthrough.Paragraph2Ihavemadeanappointmentwithhim,butI’mafraidhe’llfallthrough.我已和他約好會(huì)面，可是我怕他會(huì)失約。hindsight:wisdomaboutaneventafterithasoccurred事后的覺(jué)悟；事后的聰明E.g.:ByhindsightIshouldhavegonethereearlier.事后想來(lái)，我應(yīng)早些去那里。Paragraph2Hindsightisalwaysclearerthanone’sviewatthetime.事后看問(wèn)題總要比當(dāng)時(shí)看得清楚。c.f.:foresight:theabilitytoimaginewhatwillprobablyhappen,allowingonetoacttohelporpreventdevelopments;careorwiseplanningforthefuture預(yù)見(jiàn)；先見(jiàn)之明Paragraph2chewthecud:thinkdeeplybeforemakingadecision;thinkreflectively深思，反復(fù)思考E.g.:Hedidn’treplyimmediately,butseemedrathertobechewinghiscud.他沒(méi)有立即回答，不過(guò)看上去在反復(fù)思考。Paragraph2Howweretheauthorandtheoldmanrelated?Theoldmanwasaneminentpsychiatristandtheauthorwasaclientofhis.Paragraph3Hecameacrossthestreet,finally,muffledinhisancientovercoat,shapelessfelthatpulleddownoverhisbaldhead,lookingmorelikeanenergeticgnomethananeminentpsychiatrist.Paragraph3Atlasthewalkedoverfromtheothersideofthestreet,wrappedinhisold-fashionedovercoat,hisbaldheadcoveredbyashapelessfelthat.Helookedlikeadwarfisholdmanfullofenergyratherthanawell-knownpsychiatrist.Paragraph3gnome:(inlegends)alittleoldmanwholivesundergroundandguardstheearth’streasures;asmalluglyperson守護(hù)神；土地神;侏儒Paragraph5perceptiveness:unusualabilitytonoticeandunderstand;awarenessandunderstanding觀察敏銳；善于理解E.g.:Wealladmiredhisperceptiveness;hewasalwayssoquicktorespondtoanewceed:beginacourseofactionParagraph5E.g.:Afterthepreparationshadbeenmade,weproceededtodrafttheplan.Paragraph10flat:withabroadlevelsurfaceandlittledepth淺的Paragraph11berate:(formal)scoldorcriticizeangrilybecauseofafaultE.g.:Don’tberateanyonejustbecausehehasmadeamistake.Don’tweallmakemistakesfromtimetotime?

goby:pass;elapseParagraph11Thewomanwhospokenexthadnevermarriedbecauseofasenseofobligationtoherwidowedmother;sherecalledbitterlyallthemaritalchancesshehadletgoby.Paragraph11Thenextspeakeronthetapewasawomanwhohadremainedsinglebecauseshethoughtshewasobligedtotakecareofhermotherwhowasawidow.Shestillrememberedandtoldothersmiserablyaboutallthechancesofmarriageshehadmissed.Paragraph14woeful:regretful;fullofwoe,sadE.g.:awoefulcountenance(song)悲傷的面容(歌曲)awoefulspectacle悲慘的景象woefulshortageofcommodities商品的可悲的匱乏woefulignorance可悲的無(wú)知Paragraph14Itwaswoefultoseehimspoilingthepainting.眼見(jiàn)他毀壞那幅油畫(huà)真叫人惋惜。Paragraph15Whydidtheoldmanlettheauthorlistentothethreespeakersonthetape?Thethreespeakersonthetapewereallunhappy,andthetwowordstheyallusedfrequentlyinwhattheysaidwere“ifonly.”WhattheoldmanwantedtopointParagraph15outtotheauthorwasthattokeepsaying“ifonly”wouldnotchangeanything;onthecontrary,itonlykeptthepersonfacingthewrongwaybackwardinsteadofforward.Thusitdidmoreharmthangoodtothepersonwhokeptsayingthem.Paragraph15Intheend,ifyouletitbecomeahabit,itcanbecomearealroadblock,anexcusefornottryinganymore.Eventually,ifyouformahabitofsaying“ifonly”,thephrasecanreallyturntoanobstruction,providingyouwithanexcuseforgivinguptryinganythingatall.Paragraph16lament:feelorexpressgreatsorrow(fororbecauseofsomething);complainabout痛惜；抱怨E.g.:Oneshouldnotlamentthepastmistakes,butshouldtrytodobetterlater.lamentthisgreatloss痛惜這巨大的損失Paragraph16lamentone’sfolly(carelessness)悔恨自己的愚蠢（粗心）Paragraph18…younevergotoutofthepasttense.Notoncedidyoumentionthefuture.…youarealwaysthinkingofthepast,regrettingandlamenting.Youdidnotlookforwardtowhatyoucandointhefutureatall.Paragraph18aperversestreak:anobstinatequalityperverse:stubbornlyunreasonable任性的，蠻不講理的streak:longthinmark,lineorbandofadifferentsubstanceorcolorfromitssurroundings;elementortrace(inaperson’scharacter)(與整體不同物質(zhì)或顏色的)條紋，線條，斑紋;(個(gè)性中的)些微特點(diǎn)或特征Paragraph18E.g.:blackwithredstreaks帶紅條紋的黑色Thereweretearstreaksdownherface.她臉上有一條條淚痕。Hehasastubbornstreak.他生性有點(diǎn)兒固執(zhí)。Paragraph18Hehadapettybourgeoisstreakinhim.他有點(diǎn)小資產(chǎn)階級(jí)味道。astreakofjealousy(vanity,cruelty)幾分妒忌（虛榮，殘忍）haveajealousstreak有點(diǎn)兒妒忌Paragraph18hashover:(AmEinformal)talkaboutsomethingsuchasadifficultyindetailandatlength充分討論；回顧E.g.:Hasn’tthecommitteefinishedhashingoverthequestionyet?

IhavesomethingIwanttohashoverwithyou.我有事要跟你好好談?wù)?。Paragraph18hashovertheolddays追憶舊日hash:chop(meat)intosmallpieces把(肉)切成小塊;把(肉)剁碎Paragraph19ruefully:regretfully;showingorfeelinggood-humoredregret表示或感到后悔的(但很看得開(kāi))E.g.:Hefacedhisrecentfailureruefully.aruefulsmile抱憾的微笑Paragraph20lift:afeelingofelation鼓舞，振奮E.g.:Winningthescholarshipgaveheratremendouslift.她獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金后受到了極大的鼓舞。drag:(slang)aboringthing;nuisance累贅的或使人生厭的人或事物E.g.:Walkingisdraglet’stakethecar.走路太費(fèi)事我們坐車吧。Paragraph22strikeout(alsostrikethrough):removebydrawingalinethrough;crossoutParagraph24grim:harsh,unpleasant,dreadfulE.g.:Hewasdepressedwhenheheardthegrimnewsthattwo-thirdsoftheworkforcemightbedischarged.Paragraph25fanciful:usingtheimaginationratherthanreason;imaginedratherthanbasedonfacts空想的，想象的E.g.:afancifultale想象出來(lái)的故事afancifulnotion毫無(wú)根據(jù)的想法afancifulgirl愛(ài)空想的女孩Paragraphs28-29“My,my,”saidtheOldManslyly.“Ifonlywehadcomedowntensecondssooner,we’dhavecaughtthatcab,wouldn’twe”Ilaughedandpickedupthecue.“NexttimeI’llrunfaster.”P(pán)aragraphs28-29TheOldMansaidtometrickily,usingthephrase“ifonly”onpurpose,“Ifonlywe’dgotheretensecondsearlier,we’dhavecaughtthecab.”Ilaughedandunderstoodwhathemeant.SoIfollowedhisadviceandsaid,“NexttimeI’llrunfaster.”P(pán)aragraphs28-29WhydidtheOldMansayslylyFindoutthereasoninthecontext.

Whatwasthecuetheauthorpickedup

HowdidtheauthorpickupthecueParagraphs31takeinone’sstride:dealwith(asituation,problem,etc.)calmlyandwithoutneedingtomakeaspecialeffort一跨而過(guò)；輕易地解決(困難)，毫不費(fèi)力地做；從容處理E.g.:Theytooktheemergencyintheirstride.他們泰然地處理了緊急情況。Paragraphs31Somepeoplefindretiringdifficult,buthehastakenitallinhisstride.有人覺(jué)得很難適應(yīng)退休后的生活，但他卻能安之若素。sotospeak(say):onecouldsay;asitwere可以說(shuō)，可謂；恕我直言E.g.:Youare,sotospeak,afishoutofwater.你可以說(shuō)是像離了水的魚(yú)兒。Paragraphs31ThereforeIthinkwemust,sotosay,resorttomoreextrememeasures.因此，恕我直言，我認(rèn)為我們必須采取更為激烈的措施。Paragraphs32tothisday:evennowParagraphs33tobesure:Icannotdenythat;admittedly無(wú)可否認(rèn)；誠(chéng)然；固然；必須承認(rèn)E.g.:Heisclever,tobesure,butnotveryhard-working.他聰明是聰明，但不怎么勤奮。Heisyoung,tobesure,butexperienced.他固然還年輕，但很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。IV.ExerciseIV,Workbook6scold,reprimand,rebuke,reproach,blamescold:canoftensuggestaninstanceofreproof(責(zé)備)formisbehaviorthatismetedoutbyasuperior,suchasaparentorteacher責(zé)罵；斥責(zé):Shescoldedthechildforbeinglateforschool.IV.ExerciseIV,Workbook6Inthissituation,thewordmayspecificallyimplyadistinctionbetweenaverbalreproachandreprimandsthatactuallyinvolvesomeformofpunishment.Becauseofthis,thewordcansometimessuggestineffectualattemptsatdiscipline:IV.ExerciseIV,Workbook6Shescoldedherchildrenfrequently,butmadenoattempttocorrecttheirunruly(不馴服的)behavior.Scoldcanevensuggestcontinualnagging(嘮叨不休)tonopurpose,whetheraboutseriousfaultsorabouttrivialities;here,therelationshipneednotbebetweensuperiorandinferior:IV.ExerciseIV,Workbook6awomanwhoconstantlyscoldedherhusbandaboutthelowpayheearned.reprimand:indicatesaformaland,usually,publicorofficialdisapproval.Itsuggestsadirectconfrontationbetweentheoffenderandhiscritic(正式而嚴(yán)厲地)申斥，訓(xùn)誡:IV.ExerciseIV,Workbook6thejudgewhosharplyreprimandedawitnessforbeingevasiveanduncooperative.Themilitarycourtorderedhimtobereprimandedforfailingtodohisduty.軍事法庭下達(dá)裁決令：他工作失職，應(yīng)受訓(xùn)斥。IV.ExerciseIV,Workbook6rebuke:istocriticizeorcalldown(責(zé)罵)withsharpness,andoftenwithabruptness,usuallyinthemidstofsomeactionorcourseofaction指責(zé)，非難:torebukeaworkerwhoseclumsinesswasresponsibleforthecompletebreakdownofoperationsinhisdepartment.IV.ExerciseIV,Workbook6Thejudgerebukedthepolicefortheirtreatmentoftheprisoner.法官指責(zé)警察不該那樣對(duì)待犯人。IV.ExerciseIV,Workbook6reproach:istoexpressthekindofdisapprovalthatarisesfromapersonalhurt,angerorgriefatsomeone’sthoughtlessnessorselfishness(難過(guò)和失望地)責(zé)備，指責(zé):reproachingherhusbandforhavingforgottentheirweddinganniversary.IV.ExerciseIV,Workbook6blame:①consider(someoneorsomething)responsiblefor(somethingbad)責(zé)怪，怪罪，把…歸咎于:TheyblamedthefailureofthetalksontheRussians.他們把會(huì)談的失敗歸咎于俄國(guó)人。②findfaultwith找…的差錯(cuò)；責(zé)備；責(zé)難：IV.ExerciseIV,Workbook6Criticsblamethedocumentaryforitsone-sidedpresentationofthesituation.評(píng)論家指責(zé)那部紀(jì)錄片片面地反映了當(dāng)時(shí)的事態(tài)。TextIITheRomanceofWordsI.OrganizationoftheText1.Author’sappealtobeconsciousaboutthelivingwords(Paragraphs1-3)2.Analogiesofthelivingwords(Paragraphs4-18)I.OrganizationoftheTextA.Therootsofwordstheoriginofwords(6-11)B.Thebranchesofwordswordfamilies(12-15)C.Theleavesofwordswordsandtheirmeanings(16-18)3.Summary(Paragraphs19-21)II.KeyPointsoftheTextParagraph1inordinate:excessive;extreme;beyondreasonablelimitsE.g.:aninordinatecigarette-smoker吸煙無(wú)度的人Hehasaninordinatethirst.他極感口渴。Paragraph1Shealwaysspentaninordinatelengthoftimeinthebathroom.她總是要在浴室里呆上好久。in/intocondition:fit;healthyc.f.:outofcondition:notfit;unhealthyParagraph1E.g.:Heknewthathewasoutofconditionfromsittingforsolongintheofficewithoutexercise.inmintcondition:(informal,referringtocoinsthathavejustbeenmadeatamint,agovernmentfactorythatmakesmoney)inperfectcondition;asifnewE.g.:Thecarwasinmintcondition.Paragraph1fastidious:selectingcarefully;choosingonlywhatisgood愛(ài)挑剔的；過(guò)分講究的；要求極高的E.g.:afastidiousreader愛(ài)挑剔的讀者afastidioususerofEnglish使用英語(yǔ)極嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)娜薖aragraph1fussy:(derogatory)toomuchconcernedaboutdetails過(guò)分注重細(xì)節(jié)的；需要特別謹(jǐn)慎的；愛(ài)挑剔的E.g.:fussybookkeepingprocedures煩瑣的簿記程序afussymatter需要謹(jǐn)慎處理的事情benotfussyaboutfood不挑食Paragraph2superscription:thewritingorprintingatthetopoforontheoutsideof(adocument,etc.)題字，題詞；銘文；(信件、包裹上的)姓名地址；處方標(biāo)記(處方上的符號(hào)R)E.g.:thesuperscriptiononcoins硬幣上的鑄文Paragraph3wriggle:makequick,short,twistingandturningmovements蠕動(dòng)E.g.:Asnakewriggledacrosstheroad.一條蛇蜿蜒游過(guò)公路。Hewriggledintohissleepingbag.他扭動(dòng)身體鉆進(jìn)睡袋。Paragraph3Hewriggledhiswayupthecrack.他沿著裂縫扭動(dòng)著向上爬。token:anoutwardsign;somethingthatrepresentssomefact,event,feeling,etc.;smallpartrepresentingsomethinggreater標(biāo)志，象征；表示E.g.:Allthefamilyworeblackasatokenoftheirgrief.全家都穿黑衣致哀。Paragraph3Hedidthatasatokenofgoodfaith.他那樣做是為了表示誠(chéng)意。tokenism:(AmE)裝點(diǎn)門(mén)面(主義)，表面文章Paragraph3E.g.:Despitepronouncementsaboutbeingcommittedtoendingapartheid,manyU.S.companiesengagemerelyintokenism.許多美國(guó)公司盡管公開(kāi)表示愿意終止種族隔離政策，但只是裝點(diǎn)門(mén)面而已。Paragraph8contrive:cleverlyinventedordesignedreceptacle:containerforplacingorstoring容器，貯藏所；貯藏器E.g.:Adustbinisareceptacleforrubbish.垃圾箱時(shí)盛垃圾的容器。Paragraph8Heisthereceptacleoftoomanycontradictoryhopes.他是個(gè)心懷太多矛盾想望的人。Paragraph10snooty:proudlyrude;supercilious目中無(wú)人的,高傲自大的snoot:(slang,especiallyAmE)thenose動(dòng)物的口鼻部,鼻子forthenonce:(informal)forthepresenttime;forthetimebeing暫且;目前Paragraph10haughty:(formal,derogatory)(ofpeopleortheiracts)appearingproud;arrogantwhiledespisingothers倨傲不遜的，傲慢的，神氣活現(xiàn)的E.g.:ahaughtyperson(smile)自負(fù)的人（微笑）ahaughtygait（若無(wú)旁人的）高視闊步Paragraph10treatsomebodywithhaughtycontempt以不屑一顧的傲慢態(tài)度對(duì)待某人ahaughtyrestaurant氣派不凡的大飯店supercilious:scornful;haughty高傲的，傲慢的，目空一切的(supercilium:眉superciliary:眉毛的)Paragraph10inlieuof:inplaceof;insteadof(以)替代Paragraph11byanychance:perhaps,possibly萬(wàn)一；也許E.g.:Doyoubyanychancehaveapenwithyou

你身邊也許帶著支鋼筆吧？Ifbyanychancesomebodycomestoseeme,askhimtoleaveamessage.萬(wàn)一有人找我，就請(qǐng)他留個(gè)信。Paragraph11broach:makeaholeinabarreltodrawofftheliquidinside;opentousethecontents;beginadiscussionof鉆孔,打孔；開(kāi)始商討（一議題）cask:barrel,especiallyforalcoholicdrinks(尤指盛酒精飲料的)桶Paragraph13introspect:examineorbeconcernedwithone’sownthoughts,feelingsandmotives內(nèi)省，反省Paragraph15ahostof:alargenumberofliable:responsiblebylaw負(fù)法律責(zé)任的ligament:toughflexibletissue韌帶Paragraph18theruninyourstocking:長(zhǎng)筒襪上的脫針therunonthebank:擠兌銀行存款aruninthebaseball:棒球的得分havetherunofthemill:havethefreedomtouseorvisitthemill可以自由使用或察看磨坊Paragraph18E.g.:Iwasgiventherunoftheirbooks(house).他們?cè)试S我隨便翻閱他們的書(shū)（進(jìn)出他們的住宅）。Paragraph19luxuriant:growingwell,especiallyinhealthandnumber茂盛的；郁郁蔥蔥的；(須發(fā)等)濃密的E.g.:luxuriantvegetation茂盛的草木aluxuriantforest茂密的森林Shehadluxuriantgoldenhair.她長(zhǎng)著密密的金發(fā)。Paragraph19luxuriatev.luxuriancen.Paragraph20discordant:inastateofdiscord(聲音)不和諧的；刺耳的E.g.:thediscordantnoisesofthetrainstation火車站嘈雜的噪音acrid:(oftasteorsmell)bitter;causingastingingsensation;bitterinmanner;bad-tempered辛辣的，苦的；刺激的；刻薄的；譏諷的Paragraph20E.g.:theacridsmellofgunpowder火藥的刺鼻氣味UnitTwo

TextITheFineArtofPuttingThingsOff拖延的學(xué)問(wèn)I.LibraryWork1.Chesterfield,PhilipStanhope,4thEarl(伯爵)of,(1694-1773),Englishstatesman,oratorandauthor.Hisliteraryreputationrestuponhisletterstohisillegitimateson,PhilipStanhope,whowasborninHollandin1732.Theletters,filledwithwitandworldlywisdom,werepublishedunderthetitleLetterstoHisSon(1774)I.LibraryWork2.Johnson,Samuel(1709–1784),Englishpoet,critic,andmanofletters,theliterarydictatorofEnglandinthelatterhalfoftheeighteenthcenturyandoneofthemostfamouspersonalitiesofhistime.HeisbestknownforhisDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage(1755),whichisinsomerespectsanI.LibraryWorkinnovationinlexicography.Hehadthestrongestinfluenceofanyofhiscontemporariesontheliterarythoughtandstyleofthelatterpartoftheeighteenthcentury.II.OrganizationoftheText1.Procrastinationdeep-rootedinandinfluentialovervariousaspectsoflife(Paragraphs1–2)A.Earlyexamples(1)B.Modernexamples(2)2.Contradictoryqualitiesofprocrastination(Paragraphs3–8)II.OrganizationoftheTextA.Inspiringandrevivingtowriters(3)B.Prevalenceofprocrastinationinthemilitary,diplomacyandthelaw(4)C.Chronicprocrastinationandpurposefulpostponement(5-6)D.Procrastinationinacademe(7)II.OrganizationoftheTextE.Psychologists’differentexplanationsofthecausestoprocrastination(8)3.Conclusion(Paragraph9)III.KeyPointsoftheTextParagraph1exhort:(formal)urgeoradvisestrongly規(guī)勸;告戒E.g.:Theteacherexhortedherstudentstodotheirownresearchwork.Weareexhortednottowasteourtimeonthechatroomonline.Paragraph1elegant:havingthequalitiesofgrace,beauty,andfashion文雅的，雅致的；講究的，精美的E.g.:elegantmanners優(yōu)雅的風(fēng)度anelegantdress漂亮雅致的女服asetofbookswithelegantbindings一套裝幀精美的書(shū)籍Paragraph1get/comearound/roundto:findtimefor,especiallyafterdelay抽出時(shí)間來(lái)做（或考慮）E.g.:Thecommitteewillgetroundtoyoursuggestionafterthey’vedealtwithurgentbusiness.Afteralongdelayhegotroundtowritingtheletter.Paragraph1worthy:(sometimeshumorous)apersonofimportance知名人士；杰出人物E.g.:localworthies地方名流Hehadbeenacollegeworthy.他曾是學(xué)院里大名鼎鼎的人。Paragraph1cool/kickone’sheels:(colloquial)beforcedtowait;bekeptwaitingE.g.:IhadtokickmyheelsfornearlytwohoursbeforeIcouldseemyboss.anteroom:(alsoantechamber)aroominwhichpeoplewait,asbeforeseeingadoctor(連接正廳的)前廳，候見(jiàn)室Paragraph1attestto:testifyto;serveasanevidencetoaffirm/tobeproofof證明，表明E.g.:Hissuccessatteststohisability.他的成功表明他有能力。ever:(olduseorincombination)always總是，不斷地；永遠(yuǎn)，始終Paragraph1E.g.:Warandsufferinghaveevergonehandinhand.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和苦難總是結(jié)伴而行的。Heisevermakingthesamemistake.他老是犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。ever-risingcostsandprices不斷上漲的費(fèi)用和物價(jià)Paragraph1dub:give(someone)anunofficialnameornickname給…起綽號(hào)；把…稱為；授予…稱號(hào)E.g.:HewasdubbedShortybecauseofhissize.他因身材短小被人取了個(gè)矮子的綽號(hào)。Theregionisdubbedtheparadiseonearth.這地方被稱為人間天堂。Paragraph1cunctation:delayrationalize:attempttoexplainorjustifyone’sactionwithplausiblereasons,eveniftheyarenottrueorappropriateE.g.:Don’trationalizeyourincompetencebyfindingfaultwiththemethod.Paragraph1plead:(formal)giveasanexcuseforanaction提出…為理由；提出…為借口E.g.:Thethiefpleadedpoverty.那賊說(shuō)是因?yàn)樨毟F才偷竊的。TheGovernmentpleadedignorance.政府借口不知情。Paragraph1Ipleadedfatigue,andexcusedmyself.我推說(shuō)疲乏就告退了。edict:anorderorcommand;decreeprocrastination:(formal)arepeateddelay(withoutgoodreason)indoingsomenecessaryactParagraph2do-it-nowers:thosewhoactpromptlyatanungodly6:30p.m.:atanunusuallyearlyhour.Theauthorthinks6:30p.m.israthertooearlyforaplannedformaldinner.ungodly:(informal)veryunreasonable不適當(dāng)?shù)?；不可思議的；令人不能容忍的Paragraph2E.g.:Hecalledatanungodlyhour.他來(lái)得很不是時(shí)候。eatanungodlyamount食量大得叫人難以相信apocalyptic:(oftenderogatory)forebodingimminentdisasterorfinaldoom預(yù)示世界末日恐怖景象的Paragraph2E.g.:anapocalypticimagination充滿世界末日恐怖景象的想象力takeanapocalypticviewofthefuture對(duì)未來(lái)抱極端悲觀的看法apocalypse:theshowingofhiddenthings,especiallythetellingofwhatwillhappenwhentheworldends天啟，啟示；《啟示錄》；大災(zāi)變Paragraph3allthetroubleprocrastinationmayincur:allthetroublethataperson’sdelayinactionmaybringuponhimincur:becomesubjectto(somethingunpleasant)asaresultofone’sownaction招致,引起,帶來(lái);遭受,受到E.g.:Thecompanyincurredaheavylossduetomismanagement.Paragraph3incursomebody’sdispleasure(envy)招致某人的不悅(妒忌)incuraprotest惹起抗議incurgreatexpense招致巨額花費(fèi)geodeticsurvey:landareasurvey大地測(cè)量Paragraph3geodetics(=geodesy):scienceoflandareasurvey大地測(cè)量學(xué)，大地測(cè)量術(shù)ledge:aflatshelfofrock,especiallyonethatstretchesalongwaybelowthesea(近海岸的)暗礁porcupine:atypeofquitesmallshort-leggedanimalthathasverylongstiffprickles(quills刺)alloveritsbackandsides.Itislargerthanahedgehog(美洲箭豬)豪豬Paragraph4theartofpostponementhadbeenvirtuallyamonopolyofthemilitary…,diplomacyandthelaw:thepracticeofputtingthingsoffhadalmostbeenexclusivelydonebythemilitary,etc.Theimpliedmeaningisthatthemilitary,diplomacy,andthelawarealmosttheworstdelayers.Paragraph4proconsul:(inancientRome)agovernorofapartoftheRomanEmpire;(formalorpompous)anadministratorinacolonyusuallywithwidepowers總督ruminate:(formal)gooverinthemindrepeatedlyandoftenslowly反芻；沉思；反復(fù)思考Paragraph4E.g.:Heruminatedover/onthesituationbeforehemadethefinaldecision.Sheruminatedforalongtimebeforesheexpressedheropinion.sling:斯林酒(一種由烈酒、水、糖、檸檬汁等混合而成的飲料)blessedly:happilyParagraph4nattering(natterv.):(BrEinformal)chattering;hence,noisyE.g.:Theynatteredawayforanhouraboutnothing.他們空談了一個(gè)小時(shí)。theworld’smostaddictedpostponers:theworld’sworstpostponerswhojustcouldnotfreethemselvesfrompostponingParagraph4addicted:dependentonsomething(usuallyadrug)andunabletostophavingit;enthusiasticallydevotedtoaparticularthingoractivityE.g.:Heisaddictedtococaine/heroin.beaddictedtocomputergamesParagraph4Thenumberofattorneyswhodiewithoutawillisamazing:Itisausualpracticeforpeopletomakeawill,anofficialstatementofthewaytheywishtheirpropertytobesharedoutaftertheirdeathbeforetheydie.Anditisgenerallytheattorneys(AmE)orlawyerswhoadministerthewills.Butattorneysthemselvespostponemakingtheirownwills.Paragraph5echelon:(oftenpluralwithsingularmeaning)(inagroupofpeopleororganization)rank,level階層E.g.:thetopechelonoftheCivilService文職官員中的最高層theleadingechelonsofagovernment政府的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)階層Paragraph5thehigher(lower)echelons較高（低）職位的全體人員corporatedynamics:thepatternofgrowth,changeordevelopmentofacorporation企業(yè)的動(dòng)態(tài)thecautionthatbreedsdelay:thegreatcarethatcausesdelayParagraph5breed:cause(ausuallyunpleasantconditionorfeeling)todevelopE.g.:Somepeoplebelievethatviolencebreedsviolence.Mosquitoesbreedmalaria.Familiaritybreedscontempt.近之則不遜。Paragraph5fortify:encourage;supportParagraph6flourish:developrapidly.Whenspeakingofaperson,ananimal,etc.,itmeans“growordevelopinahealthyorvigorousway”.E.g.:Thetreesplantedontheschoolcampusareflourishing.Paragraph6We’rehappytoseethesedisabledchildrenflourishintheirfoster-homes(寄養(yǎng)家庭).reappraisal:re-assessment;re-evaluation重新評(píng)估；重新評(píng)價(jià)manylanguagesarestuddedwithphrases:manylanguagesareprovidedwithphrasesParagraph6stud:asmallpieceofmetalwhichisattachedtoasurfaceasadecoration飾釘bestuddedwith:becoveredwithsomethinglikestudsE.g.:theskystuddedwithstarsaseastuddedwithislandsParagraph6languagesstuddedwithphrases:youfindphrasesinlanguagesjustlikestudsapricot:杏子；杏樹(shù)Paragraph7academe:theacademiccommunity;academics學(xué)術(shù)界；學(xué)術(shù)環(huán)境takehighhonors:doverywell,earngreatdistinctionchurnoutthreetofivepagesofwritingaday:producethreetofivepagesadayParagraph7churnout:producesomethingroutinelyormechanically,especiallyinlargequantities.Thephraseisusedironicallyand