英語口語練習文章

英語口語練習文章英語口語練習文章英語口語練習文章資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月英語口語練習文章版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準:發(fā)布日期：大學英語四、六級考試口語考試大綱一、評分標準CET-SET主考在評分時使用以下標準：

a.準確性指考生的語音、語調(diào)以及所使用的語法和詞匯的準確程度

b.語言范圍指考生使用的詞匯和語法結構的復雜程度和范圍

c.話語的長短指考生對整個考試中的交際所作的貢獻、講話的多少

d.連貫性指考生有能力進行較長時間的、語言連貫的發(fā)言

e.靈活性指考生應付不同情景和話題的能力

f.適切性指考生根據(jù)不同場合選用適當確切的語言的能力二、語言功能CET-SET考試要求考生參與不同形式的口頭交際，其語言能力將根據(jù)其在考試中的表現(xiàn)予以測量。考生需要掌握的語言功能和意念在《大學英語教學大綱》中已明確列出。以下僅列舉其中部分的語言功能和意念。友好往來

問候，介紹，告別和告辭，祝愿和祝賀，感謝和應答，道歉和應答，提議、邀請和應答。相互交流

開始交談，繼續(xù)交談，改變話題，停止交談。態(tài)度

愿意，希望，意向，決心，責任，能力，允許，禁止，同意和不同意，否定，喜歡和不喜歡，偏愛，責怪和抱怨，判斷、決定和意見。勸說

命令，勸告和建議，承諾，提醒。感情

焦慮，驚奇，興趣，加重感情色彩。存在

存在和不存在，有和沒有?？臻g描述

位置，方向，運動，距離。時間

時刻，時段，時間關系，頻度，時序。發(fā)表意見和看法

詢問意見和看法，發(fā)表意見和看法，對意見和看法的反應，同意，不同意，要求澄清，澄清意見和看法。爭辯

討論，討論觀點，反駁論點，提出進一步論證，勸說和對勸說的反應。三、考試形式CET-SET考試分三部分：

第一部分是考生和CET授權的主考進行交談，采用問答的形式。時間約5分鐘。

第二部分包括1.5分鐘的考生個人發(fā)言和4.5分鐘的小組討論。時間共約10分鐘。

第三部分由主考再次提問以進一步確定考生的口頭交際能力。時間約5分鐘。四、輸入信息CET-SET考試運用以下兩種形式的輸入信息來產(chǎn)生信息差：

1）畫面提示（如圖片、圖表、照片等）；

2）文字提示。Part1(5minutes)Examiner:Goodmorning(Goodafternoon),everybody.CouldyoupleasetellmeyournameandthenumberofyouradmissionticketYourname,please.Andyournumber…Yourname…Andyournumber...Thankyou.NowwouldyoupleasebrieflyintroduceyourselvestoeachotherRemember,youshouldnotmentionthenameofyouruniversity.(1.5minutes)OK,nowthatweknoweachotherwecandosomegroupwork.Firstofall,I'dliketoaskeachofyoutosaysomethingaboutlifeinthecity.[C1,C2,C3]1)

HowdoyoulikelivinginBeijing(Shanghai,Nanjing…)

2)

WhatdoyouthinkisthemostseriouschallengeoflivinginacitylikeBeijing(Shanghai,Nanjing…)

3)

Howdoyoulikeshoppinginasupermarket4)

Wherewouldyouliketolive,downtownorinthesuburbs,andwhy5)

WhatmeasuresdoyouthinkweshouldtaketoreduceairpollutioninBeijing(Shanghai,Nanjing6)

Canyousaysomethingabouttheentertainmentavailableinyourcity7)

Wherewouldyouliketofindajobaftergraduation,inabigcitylikeBeijingorShanghaiorinasmalltownandwhy

8)

What'syourimpressionofthepeopleinBeijing(Shanghai,Nanjing…)

Part2(10minutes)Examiner:Nowlet'smoveontosomethingmorespecific.Thetopicforourdiscussiontodayis“CityTraffic”.You'llhaveapicture(somepictures)showingtwodifferenttypesoftransport.I'dlikeeachofyoutogiveabriefdescriptionofeachtypeandthencomparethetwotypes.You'llhaveoneminutetoprepareandeachofyouwillhaveoneandahalfminutestotalkaboutthepicture(s).Don'tworryifIinterruptyouattheendofthetimelimit.Nowhereareyourpictures.[1minutelater]Now,[C1],wouldyoupleasestartfirst

[C2]and[C3],pleaseputyourpicturesasideandlistentowhat[C1]hastosay.[1.5minuteslater]OK.[C2],nowit'syourturn.[1.5minuteslater]OK,[C3],andnowit'syourturn.Right.Nowweallhavesomeideaofvariouskindsofcitytransport.I'dlikeyoutodiscussthistopicfurtherandseeifyoucanagreeonwhichisthebesttypeoftransportforabigcitylikeBeijing(Shanghai,Nanjing…).Duringthediscussionyoumayarguewitheachotheroraskeachotherquestionstoclarifyapoint.Youwillhaveaboutfourandahalfminutesforthediscussion.Yourperformancewillbejudgedaccordingtoyourcontributionst[Ifonecandidatetalkstoolong]Sorry,I'llhavetostopyounow.Let'slistentowhat[C

]hastosay.[Ifonecandidatekeepssilentforalongtime]/[Ifthegroupissilentforsometime,thenaskoneofthecandidatestostartthediscussion.]Now,[C

],couldyoupleasesaysomethingaboutyourviewof…

[4.5minuteslater]Allright,that'stheendofthediscussion.Part3(5minutes)Examiner:NowI'dliketoaskyoujustonelastquestiononthetopicof“CityTraffic”.[Selectaquestionfromthefollowinglisttoaskeachofthecandidates.][C1orC2orC3]?

Duringthediscussion,whydidyousaythat...

?

Whatkindoftransportdoyouusuallyuseinyourcity

?

Doyouhaveanysuggestionsastohowtrafficconditionscanbeimprovedinbigcities

?

Doyouthinkprivatecarsshouldbeencouraged

?

WhydoyouthinksomeWesterncountriesencouragepeopletoridebicycles

Now,that'stheendofthetest.Thankyou,everybody.體例說明：內(nèi)容體例舉例?

主考用語:黑體Goodmorning.?

對主考的提示:[白體][Interrupthim/herif…]?

變量（考生姓名）:[斜體][C1]?

時間提示:(白體)(5minutes)?

過程說明:斜體Part1?

可變換的內(nèi)容:()Goodmorning(Goodafternoon)46.VisionHumanvisionlikethatofotherprimateshasevolvedinanarborealenvironment.Inthedensecomplexworldofatropicalforest,itismoreimportanttoseewellthattodevelopanacutesenseofsmell.Inthecourseofevolutionmembersoftheprimatelinehaveacquiredlargeeyeswhilethesnouthasshrunktogivetheeyeanunimpededview.Ofmammalsonlyhumansandsomeprimatesenjoycolorvision.Theredflagisblacktothebull.Horsesliveinamonochromeworld.lightvisibletohumaneyeshoweveroccupiesonlyaverynarrowbandinthewholeelectromagneticspectrum.Ultravioletraysareinvisibletohumansthoughantsandhoneybeesaresensitivetothem.Humansthoughantsandhoneybeesaresensitivetothem.Humanshavenodirectperceptionofinfraredraysunliketherattlesnakewhichhasreceptorstunedintowavelengthslongerthan0.7micron.Theworldwouldlookeerilydifferentifhumaneyesweresensitivetoinfraredradiation.Theninsteadofthedarknessofnight,wewouldbeabletomoveeasilyinastrangeshadowlessworldwhereobjectsglowedwithvaryingdegreesofintensity.Buthumaneyesexcelinotherways.Theyareinfactremarkablydiscerningincolorgradation.Thecolorsensitivityofnormalhumanvisionisrarelysurpassedevenbysophisticatedtechnicaldevices.47FolkCulturesAfolkcultureisasmallisolated,cohesive,conservative,nearlyself-sufficientgroupthatishomogeneousincustomandracewithastrongfamilyorclanstructureandhighlydevelopedrituals.Orderismaintainedthroughsanctionsbasedinthereligionorfamilyandinterpersonal.Relationshipsarestrong.Traditionisparamount,andchangecomesinfrequentlyandslowly.Thereisrelativelylittledivisionoflaborintospecializedduties.Rather,eachpersonisexpectedtoperformagreatvarietyoftasks,thoughdutiesmaydifferbetweenthesexes.Mostgoodsarehandmadeandsubsistenceeconomyprevails.Individualismisweaklydevelopedinfolkculturesasaresocialclasses.UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesandCanada.PerhapsthenearestmodernequivalentinAngloAmericaistheAmish,aGermanAmericanfarmingsectthatlargelyrenouncestheproductsandlaborsavingdevicesoftheindustrialage.InAmishareas,horsedrawnbuggiesstillserveasalocaltransportationdeviceandthefaithfularenotpermittedtoownautomobiles.TheAmish’scentralreligiousconceptofDemut“humility”,clearlyreflectstheweaknessofindividualismandsocialclasssotypicaloffolkculturesandthereisacorrespondingstrengthofAmishgroupidentity.RarelydotheAmishmarryoutsidetheirsect.Thereligion,avarietyoftheMennonitefaith,providestheprincipalmechanismformaintainingorder.Bycontrastapopularcultureisalargeheterogeneousgroupoftenhighlyindividualisticandapronouncedmanyspecializedprofessions.Secularinstitutionsofcontrolsuchasthepoliceandarmytaketheplaceofreligionandfamilyinmaintainingorder,andamoney-basedeconomyprevails.Becauseofthesecontrasts,“popular”maybeviewedasclearlydifferentfrom“folk”.Thepopularisreplacingthefolkinindustrializedcountriesandinmanydevelopingnations.Folk-madeobjectsgivewaytotheirpopularequivalent,usuallybecausethepopularitemismorequicklyorcheaplyproduced,iseasierortimesavingtouseorleadsmoreprestigetotheowner.48BacteriaBacteriaareextremelysmalllivingthings.Whilewemeasureourownsizesininchesorcentimeters,bacterialsizeismeasuredinmicrons.Onemicronisathousandthofamillimeter:apinheadisaboutamillimeteracross.Rod-shapedbacteriaareusuallyfromtwotofourmicronslong,whileroundedonesaregenerallyonemicronindiameter.Thusifyouenlargedaroundedbacteriumathousandtimes,itwouldbejustaboutthesizeofapinhead.Anadulthumanmagnifiedbythesameamountwouldbeoveramile(1.6kilometer)tall.Evenwithanordinarymicroscope,youmustlookcloselytoseebacteria.Usingamagnificationof100times,onefindsthatbacteriaarebarelyvisibleastinyrodsordots.Onecannotmakeoutanythingoftheirstructure.Usingspecialstains,onecanseethatsomebacteriahaveattachedtothemwavy-looking“hairs”calledflagella.Othershaveonlyoneflagellum.Theflagellarotate,pushingthebacteriathroughthewater.Manybacterialackflagellaandcannotmoveaboutbytheirownpower,whileotherscanglidealongoversurfacesbysomelittle-understoodmechanism.Fromthebacteriapointofview,theworldisaverydifferentplacefromwhatitistohumans.Toabacteriumwaterisasthickasmolassesistous.Bacteriaaresosmallthattheyareinfluencedbythemovementsofthechemicalmoleculesaroundthem.Bacteriaunderthemicroscope,eventhosewithnoflagella,oftenbounceaboutinthewater.Thisisbecausetheycollidewiththewaterymoleculesandarepushedthiswayandthat.Moleculesmovesorapidlythatwithinatenthofasecondthemoleculesaroundabacteriahaveallbeenreplacedbynewones;evenbacteriawithoutflagellaarethusconstantlyexposedtoachangingenvironment.49SleepSleetispartofaperson’sdailyactivitycycle.Thereareseveraldifferentstagesofsleep,andtheytoooccurincycles.Ifyouareanaveragesleeper,yoursleepcycleisasfollows.Whenyoufistdriftoffintoslumber,youreyeswillrollaboutabit,youtemperaturewilldropslightly,yourmuscleswillrelax,andyourbreathingwellslowandbecomequiteregular.Yourbrainwavesslowandbecomequiteregular.Yourbrainwavesslowdownabittoo,withthealpharhythmofratherfastwaves1sleep.Forthenexthalfhourorso,asyourelaxmoreandmore,youwilldriftdownthroughstage2andstage3sleep.Theloweryourstageofsleep.sloweryourbrainwaveswillbe.Thenabout40to69minutesafteryouloseconsciousnessyouwillhavereachedthedeepestsleepofall.Yourbrainwillshowthelargeslowwavesthatareknownasthedeltarhythm.Thisisstage4sleep.Youdonotremainatthisdeepfourthstageallnightlong,butinsteadabout80minutesafteryoufallintoslumber,yourbrainactivitylevelwillincreaseagainslightly.Thedeltarhythmwilldisappear,tobereplacedbytheactivitypatternofbrainwaves.Youreyeswillbegintodartaroundunderyourclosedeyelidsasifyouwerelookingatsomethingoccurringinfrontofyou.Thisperiodofrapideyemovementlastsforsome8to15minutesandiscalledREMsleep.ItisduringREMsleepperiod,yourbodywillsoonrelaxagain,yourbreathingwillslipgentlybackfromstage1tostage4sleep----onlytoriseonceagaintothesurfaceofnearconsciousnesssome80minuteslater.50.CellsandTemperatureCellscannotremainaliveoutsidecertainlimitsoftemperatureandmuchnarrowerlimitsmarktheboundariesofeffectivefunctioning.Enzymesystemsofmammalsandbirdsaremostefficientonlywithinanarrowrangearound37C;adepartureofafewdegreesfromthisvalueseriouslyimpairstheirfunctioning.Eventhoughcellscansurvivewiderfluctuationstheintegratedactionsof