Lesson 26 Wanted a large biscuit tin 課文翻譯和知識點(diǎn)- 新概念英語第三冊

Lesson26Wanted:alargebiscuittin征購大餅干筒Listentothetapethenanswerthequestionbelow.聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。Whowontheprizeforthebiggestbiscuit?Noonecanavoidbeinginfluencedbyadvertisements.Muchaswemayprideourselvesonourgoodtaste,wearenolongerfreetochoosethethingswewant,foradvertisingexertsasubtleinfluenceonus.Intheireffortstopersuadeustobuythisorthatproduct,advertisershavemadeaclosestudyofhumannatureandhaveclassifiedallourlittleweaknesses.Advertisersdiscoveredyearsagothatallofuslovetogetsomethingfornothing.AnadvertisementwhichbeginswiththemagicwordFREEcanrarelygowrong.Thesedays,advertisersnotonlyofferfreesamples,butfreecars,freehouses,andfreetripsroundtheworldaswell.Theydevisehundredsofcompetitionswhichwillenableustowinhugesumsofmoney.Radioandtelevisionhavemadeitpossibleforadvertiserstocapturetheattentionofmillionsofpeopleinthisway.Duringaradioprogramme,acompanyofbiscuitmanufacturersonceaskedlistenerstobakebiscuitsandsendthemtotheirfactory.Theyofferedtopay$10apoundforthebiggestbiscuitbakedbyalistener.Theresponsetothiscompetitionwastremendous.Beforelong,biscuitsofallshapesandsizesbeganarrivingatthefactory.Oneladybroughtinabiscuitonawheelbarrow.Itweighednearly500pounds.Alittlelater,amancamealongwithabiscuitwhichoccupiedthewholebootofhiscar.Allthebiscuitsthatweresentwerecarefullyweighed.Thelargestwas713pounds.Itseemedcertainthatthiswouldwintheprize.Butjustbeforethecompetitionclosed,alorryarrivedatthefactorywithatrulycolossalbiscuitwhichweighed2,400pounds.Ithadbeenbakedbyacollegestudentwhohadusedover1,000poundsofflour,800poundsofsugar,200poundsoffat,and400poundsofvariousotheringredients.Itwassoheavythatacranehadtobeusedtoremoveitfromthelorry.Themanufacturershadtopaymoremoneythantheyhadanticipated,ortheyboughtthebiscuitfromthestudentfor$24,000.參考譯文沒有人能避免受廣告的影響。盡管我們可以自夸自己的鑒賞力如何敏銳，但我們已經(jīng)無法獨(dú)立自主地選購自己所需的東西了。這是因?yàn)閺V告在我們身上施加著一種潛移默化的影響。做廣告的人在力圖勸說我們買下這種產(chǎn)品或那種產(chǎn)品之前，已經(jīng)仔細(xì)地研究了人的本性，并把人的弱點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了分類。做廣告的人們多年前就發(fā)現(xiàn)我們大家都喜歡免費(fèi)得到東西。凡是用“免費(fèi)”這個神奇的詞開頭的廣告很少會失敗的。目前，做廣告的人不僅提供免費(fèi)樣品，而且還提供免費(fèi)汽車，免費(fèi)住房，免費(fèi)周游世界。他們設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)以百計(jì)的競賽，競賽中有人可贏得巨額獎金。電臺、電視使做廣告的人可以用這種手段吸引成百萬人的注意力。有一次，在電臺播放的節(jié)目里，一個生產(chǎn)餅干的公司請聽眾烘制餅干送到他們的工廠去。他們愿意以每磅10美元的價錢買下由聽眾烘制的最大的餅干。這次競賽在聽眾中引起極其熱烈的反響。不久，形狀各異，大小不一的餅干陸續(xù)送到工廠。一位女士用手推車運(yùn)來一個餅干，重達(dá)500磅左右。相隔不一會兒，一個男子也帶來一個大餅干，那個餅干把汽車的行李箱擠得滿滿的。凡送來的餅干都仔細(xì)地稱量。最重的一個達(dá)713磅，看來這個餅干獲獎無疑了。但就在競賽截止時間將到之際，一輛卡車駛進(jìn)了工廠，運(yùn)來了一個特大無比、重達(dá)2,400磅的餅干。它是由一個大學(xué)生烘制的，用去1,000多磅的面粉、800磅食糖、200磅動物脂肪及400磅其他各種原料。餅干份量太重了，用了一臺起重機(jī)才把它從卡車上卸下。餅干公司不得不付出比他們預(yù)計(jì)多得多的錢，因?yàn)闉橘I下那學(xué)生烘制的餅干他們支付了24,000美元。單詞講解Newwordsandexpressionsinfluence['influ?ns]v.影響pride[praid]v.驕傲taste[teist]n.鑒賞力exert[ig'z?:t]v.施加subtle['s?tl]adj.微妙的，難以捉摸的advertiser['?dv?taiz?]n.做廣告的人classify['kl?sifai]v.分類magic['m?d?ik]adj.有奇妙作用的sample['s?mpl]n.樣品devise[di'vaiz]v.設(shè)計(jì)，想出capture['k?pt??]v.吸引，贏得manufacturer[m?nju'f?kt??r?]n.生產(chǎn)廠家，制造商wheelbarrow['hwi:lb?r?u]n.獨(dú)輪手推車boot[bu:t]n.（汽車尾部的）行李箱ingredient[in'gri:di?nt]n.配料crane[krein]n.起重機(jī)anticipate[?n'tisipeit]v.預(yù)期，預(yù)料influencen.影響力，影響（抽象）（powertomakepeoplebehaveorthinkwithoutusingdirectforceorcommands）haveinfluenceonsth對…有影響exerciseinfluenceonsth對…施加影響/exertinfluenceonsthworkinfluenceonsb對…產(chǎn)生了影響eg.Maternallovehas/exertsagreatinfluenceonus.eg.Advertisementexertsasubtleinfluenceonus.undertheinfluenceof（controlledby,affectedby）受…支配，影響，感化eg.Allofthestaffareworkinghardandefficientlyundertheinfluenceofthemenaceofdismissal.所有的員工受到被裁員的威脅的影響，個個工作都勤奮，高效。undertheinfluenceofliquor（ahumorouswaytomeandrunk）喝醉了influencev.對…產(chǎn)生影響tohaveaneffectonsthtoinfluencesbtodostheg.Hisadmirationtowardshisfatherinfluencetheboytofollowhisfather’sstep.他對父親的崇拜使他步其父親的后塵。affectv.指客觀的影響（壞影響）eg.Wewerealldeeplyaffectedbythenewsofherdeath.她的死訊影響了所有人的情緒。eg.Heavysmokingaffectshishealth.吸煙過多影響了他的健康。effectn.tohaveaneffectoneg.Inflationhasadisastrouseffectoneconomy.通貨膨脹對經(jīng)濟(jì)有著災(zāi)難性的影響。v.（formal）tomakesomethinghappen（正式）實(shí)現(xiàn)eg.Thefast-talkingdealereffectedhisresult.eg.Thegirl’stearseffectedherdesireddoll.小女孩的眼淚讓她得到了渴望的洋娃娃。tasten.1）味道thestrongtasteofcoffee很濃烈的咖啡味道afunnytasteofsourmilk酸牛奶的一股怪味2）鑒賞力 havegoodtasteinsthhavebadtasteinsthhavenotasteinsthhaveanearformusichaveaneyeforarts3)（嘗）一口haveatasteofthissouphaveabiteofthepieatasteoffame/success品嘗到揚(yáng)名/成功的滋味exertv.施加，施行exertpressureonsb對…施加壓力exertcontrolonsb對…施加控制exertinfluenceonsb對…施加影響eg.Hiswifeexertedalotofpressureonhimtochangehispresentjob.他的太太對他施加壓力，讓他換掉目前的工作。eg.Freudexertsaprofoundinfluenceonpsychoanalysis.弗洛伊德對心理分析有著極其深遠(yuǎn)的影響。exertoneselftodo（tomakeastrongphysicalormentaleffort）努力去做（體力和精力上的）makeanefforttodo盡最大的努力去做tryone’sbesttodosth盡某人最大努力exerteveryefforttodo用盡每一絲氣力去做exertallone’sstrengthtodo用盡氣力去做sparenoeffort不遺余力地eg.Thetradesmanexertedallhisstrengthtopersuademetobuythisgoods.這個商人使出渾身解數(shù)要我買他的貨物。exertionn.（體力或腦力）努力，用力combineexertionandrest勞逸結(jié)合subtleadj.1）noteasytonoticeorunderstandunlessyoupayfullattention微妙的；難以捉摸的subtledistinctions微小的差別2）cleveresp.inordertodeceivepeople特別聰明asubtlemind敏銳的頭腦asubtleplan巧妙地計(jì)劃asubtledesign巧妙地設(shè)計(jì)delicate(requiringcarefultreatmentorlikelytogowrongatanymoment)微妙的，敏感的（需小心謹(jǐn)慎對待的）adelicaterelationship一種微妙的關(guān)系adelicateaffair一種微妙的事adelicateposition一種微妙的地位adelicatesubject一種微妙的話題delicateinstrument靈敏的儀器abstractadj.抽象而不具體eg.Beautyisanabstractconcept.反義詞concrete具體的，混凝土concreteproposals具體計(jì)劃abstruseadj.difficulttounderstandinawaythatseemsunnecessarilycomplicated本不必要的，難懂的深奧的abstrusetheory深奧的理論advertisev.做廣告eg.Advertiseforanewsalesmanagers招聘一個新的銷售經(jīng)理。advertisesth為…做廣告，登廣告eg.Advertiseasecond-handcarforsale.登了舊車出售的廣告。advertisementn.[?d?v?:tism?nt]Brn.[??dv??ta?zm?nt]Amplace/insert/putanadvertisementforsthonTV（inanewspaper）在電視上（報紙上）刊登廣告advertisingagency廣告公司（代理商）ad.（縮寫）wantads.招聘廣告eg.Ifyouwantfindajob,youmayaswellstudythewantads.如果你想找份工作，不妨看一下招聘廣告。ManFriday(RobinsonisthemaincharacterinthebookRobinsonCrusoebyDanielDefoe.WhenRobinson’sshipsinks,hemanagestoreachadesertislandwherehebuildsahome.LaterhemeetsablackmanwhomhecallsManFriday,whobecomeshisservantandfriend.TheyarebothfinallydiscoveredbyaBritishshipandtakenhome.)eg.ManFridayiswantedinoffice!要找一個辦公室打雜的！advertisern.做廣告的人eg.Peoplewatchingtelevisionarecaptiveaudienceforadvertisers.對于做廣告的人來說，看電視的人群是非自愿的聽眾。classifyv.把…分類，歸類classifysthaseg.Pumasareclassifiedascat-likeanimals.groupv.分成若干種類categorizev.分類AsWinstonChurchillputit:“peoplearecategorizedintotwogroup--forone,workiswork,pleasureispleasure;butfortheother,workandpleasureareone.”sortv.arrangethingsaccordingtocharacteristics.sortmails分揀郵件assortv.分類assortedsizes各式各樣，大大小小fallintoacategory屬于…類別fallintoagroup屬于…類別eg.Pandasaswellaspumasfallintothesamecategory.熊貓與美洲獅同屬一類。labelsth…as分類（貼標(biāo)簽）；扣上…的帽子，被冠以…頭銜eg.Thepoormanwaslabeledasatroublemaker.magicn.1)魔術(shù)workmagic變魔術(shù)/domagicblackmagic巫術(shù)2)魅力themagicoflove愛情的魅力themagicofmusic音樂的魅力itworkslikeacharm（真神了）太管用了eg.SincePeterfallsinlovewithagirl,thelazyboneturnsintoaneagerbeaver.Soyousee,loveworkslikeacharm!workitsmagic大顯神威eg.WehopeChinesefootballteamwillonedayworkitsmagic.adj.有魔力的，神奇的eg.Thereisnomagicformulaforinstantsuccess.沒有神奇的迅速成功的公式。magicspell咒語/magiccharmtailsman有魔力的東西，護(hù)身符（anobjectthatisbelievedtohavemagicpowersofprotection）記憶方法（tallisman）enchantv.tousemagiconsth對…施了魔法eg.ThePrincesswasenchantedtosleepasoundsleep.cursev.詛咒eg.ThePrincehadbeencursedbyawitchandchangedintoafrog.witchcraft魔術(shù)，魔法witch女巫wizard男巫sorcery妖術(shù)sorceress巫婆sorcerer神漢devisev.巧妙地設(shè)計(jì)toinventawayofdoingstheg.Theadvertisersdevisedhundredsofcompetitionstoenableustowinhugesumsofmoney.廣告商們設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)以百計(jì)的競賽使人們贏得巨額獎金。planv.計(jì)劃，安排contrive計(jì)劃，圖謀toplananeventinacleverway,esp.secretlyorbydeceivingpeoplecontriveatemporaryrudder做一個臨時的舵eg.Theprisonerscontrivedtoescape.囚犯圖謀越獄。design:tomakeadrawing設(shè)計(jì)（圖案）designer設(shè)計(jì)師adressdesigner服裝設(shè)計(jì)師wheelbarrow獨(dú)輪手推車barrown.手推車wheelchair輪椅carryall手提籃子trolley（超市）推車asupermarkettrolleywindmill風(fēng)車（用來獲取動能）pram嬰兒車crane1）alargetallmachineusedbybuildersforliftingheavythings起重機(jī)jack千金頂2）atallwaterbirdwithverylonglegs鶴Backgroundnotes:Acraneissaidtobeanauspiciousbird.WhenanAmericanfamilygetanew-bornbaby,peopleusuallysendthemapostcardwhichhasacranewithbabyinitsmouth.仙鶴送子phoenix：鳳凰amythicalbirdwhich,afterlivingforhundredsofyearsintheArabiandesert,burntitselfonafuneralpileandrosefromtheashesyoungagain,toliveforanothercycle.Phoenix鳳凰城（thecapitalandlargestcityofArizona）Roc吉祥鳥，大鵬鳥（inancientEasternstories,abirdofgreatsizeandstrength,which,inthestoryofSindbadthesailor,carriedSindbadoutofthevalleydiamonds）在古老的東方神話中，體形巨大的而又力大無比的神鳥，在《水手辛巴德》故事中，將其從鉆石谷中救出。unicornn.獨(dú)角獸centaurn.(acreatureinancientGreekstorieswiththehead,chest,andarmsofamanbutthebodyandlegsofahorse.)（半人半馬）怪獸，人首馬身的怪物。mermaidn.美人魚anticipatev.1）toexpect,tolookforwardto期待，期望participate:totakepartin參與ante（i）:beforeAM:antemeridian上午PM:postmeridian下午meridiann.本初子午線；正午anticipatedoingstheg.Ididn’tanticipatemeetingmybitterenemyinthefinal.我真沒想到在決賽中遇到我的勁敵。Itisanticipatedthat…據(jù)估計(jì)eg.Itisanticipatedthatinterestwillfallnextyear.2）todosthbeforesomeoneelse在某人之前就做了什么事情eg.TheVikingsarethoughttohaveanticipatedColumbusinthediscoveryofAmerica.北歐海盜被認(rèn)為在哥倫布之前發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲大陸。Vikings:PiratesofNorthEuropebetween8th-10thcenturyesp.fromScandinavia.8th-10th來自北歐特別是Scandinavia的海盜。二、課文講解Noonecanavoidbeinginfluencedbyadvertisements.noonecanavoidbeinginfluencedbyadvertisements.eg.NoonecanavoidbeinginfluencedbyEnglishinsuchacompetitivesociety.（avoid加動名詞做賓語）在一個競爭如此激烈的現(xiàn)代社會,沒有任何人能夠避免英語對他們的影響。eg.NoChinesecanavoidbeinginfluencebytheimpactbroughtaboutbythetransitionfromplannedeconomytomarketeconomy.在中國從計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)向市場經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型沒有任何一個中國人能夠避免他給我們所帶來的影響。Muchaswemayprideourselvesonourgoodtaste,wearenolongerfreetochoosethethingswewant,foradvertisingexertsasubtleinfluenceonus.語法點(diǎn)：as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語須倒裝，準(zhǔn)確的說，是把需要的強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞提到as的前面。eg.Muchashesmokes,Peternevercoughs.eg.MuchasIloveyou,Iwon’tmarryyou!adj.+aseg.Knowledgeableasheis,heremainsmodestandunostentatious.eg.Poorassheis,Maryneverfeelsdowncast.v.（原型）+aseg.Tryashemay,hewillneversucceed.eg.Tryashedoes,hewillneversucceed.n./pron.+aseg.Littleasheknows,itsoundsasifhekneweverything.eg.Foolashelookslike,heisalwaysright.be動詞原形置于句首，也會引起倒裝。eg.Bekingorslave,heshallbepunishedeg.MuchasIpridemyselfonmyforesight,IamnolongerfreetochoosethemajorIlike,formyparentsexertagreatinfluenceonme.盡管我為自己的深謀遠(yuǎn)慮很是驕傲,可我自己不能選擇我所喜歡的專業(yè)了,因?yàn)槲业母改笇ξ业倪x擇施加了重大的影響。Intheireffortstopersuadeustobuythisorthatproduct,heireffortstopersuadeustobuythisorthatproduct……inone’sefforttodosthinordertodostheg.Inoureffortstoobtain,thetruevalueofliferevealsitselfthatitliesinwhatyougive,notinwhatyouget.在我所努力索取的過程當(dāng)中，生命的真正意義越來越清晰，它的本質(zhì)就在于你所付出的而不在于你擁有的。thisandthatproduct各種各樣的產(chǎn)品this,that,andtheother…這個，那個，其它許多…eg.Thosemerrywivesweresittingthere,chattingthis,that,andtheother.那些快活的婆娘坐在那里扯東倒西，拉家常。…advertisershavemadeaclosestudyofhumannatureandhaveclassifiedallourlittleweaknesses.weakness懦弱，弱點(diǎn)，弱勢，薄弱環(huán)節(jié)eg.Tovaryingdegrees,allofushavesomelittleweaknesses.weakpoint弱點(diǎn)strongpoint強(qiáng)項(xiàng)defectn.缺陷，過失drawbackn.困難，不利eg.Nolovecanbegainedwithoutdrawbacks.沒有不經(jīng)歷困難而得到的愛情。imperfection瑕疵，缺點(diǎn)，不足eg.Theregoesafamoussaying:thereisnorosewithoutathorn!Advertisersdiscoveredyearsagothatallofuslovetogetsomethingfornothing.getsthfornothing不花錢就得到…fornothing1）withoutpayinganything,forfreeeg.MynephewGeorgegotaboxofchocolatesfornothing.2）withoutanyresulteg.Wetookallthattroublefornothing3）Withoutreasoneg.Theyoungcoupleoftenhavewordsfornothing.4）withoutanyefforteg.Whattheparentshavesaidwentfornothingtotheirson.AnadvertisementwhichbeginswiththemagicwordFREEcanrarelygowrong.beginwith以…開始eg.Thosewhobeginwithselfishnesscanrarelygofar.那些一開始就自私自利的人，不會有場租的發(fā)展（后勁不足）。Thesedays,advertisersnotonlyofferfreesamples.butfreecars,freehouses,andfreetripsroundtheworldaswell.notonly…,but…aswelleg.Tocustomers,anewproductshouldnotonlybejudgedbypromisedmadeincommercialsandadvertisementsbutbytheresultdemonstratedinactualuseaswell.對消費(fèi)者來說，一種新產(chǎn)品不僅僅通過商業(yè)廣告來評判而且還要通過在實(shí)際使用中的結(jié)果來證實(shí)。Theydevisehundredsofcompetitionswhichwillenableustowinhugesumsofmoney.Radioandtelevisionhavemadeitpossibleforadvertiserstocapturetheattentionofmillionsofpeopleinthisway.makeitpossibleforsbtodo使某人有可能做或…eg.ComputersandtheInternethavemadeitpossibleforpeopletoworkathome.計(jì)算機(jī)和因特網(wǎng)使人們在家辦公成為可能。eg.Ready-madetoolsmakeitpossibleforpeopletomakeafullplayoftheirdo-it-yourselfability.現(xiàn)成的工具使人們充分發(fā)揮自己的動手能力稱為可能。eg.Hopeprojectmadeitpossibleforthechildrenlivinginthefrontiertogotoschool.希望工程使得邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的孩子有可能上學(xué)受教育。Duringaradioprogramme,acompanyofbiscuitmanufacturersonceaskedlistenerstobakebiscuitsandsendthemtotheirfactory.Theyofferedtopay$10apoundforthebiggestbiscuitbakedbyalistener.Theresponsetothiscompetitionwastremendous.Theresponsetothiscompetitionwastremendous.eg.Thecompetitionreceivestremendousresponse.eg.Thecompetitionmeetswithtremendousresponse.moveinresponsetoagustofwindmakeanactiveresponseto對…做出積極的反映eg.Theordinarycitizensmadeanactiveresponsetodonationtothepoverty-strickenarea.老百姓都對向貧困地區(qū)捐獻(xiàn)積極響應(yīng)。Beforelong,biscuitsofallshapesandsizesbeganarrivingatthefactory.beforelong:sooneg.IfellintosleepbeforelongafterIexertedmyselftodohousework.我做家務(wù)搞得筋疲力盡之后很快睡著了。longbefore很久才eg.IwokeupwithastartlongbeforeIwenttosleepagain.我被驚醒之后很久才又睡去。notlongbefore不久就eg.Itwasn’tlongbeforeDanielMendozadiedinpoverty.不久，Daniel就在貧困中死去了。biscuitsofallshapesandsizes各式各樣的餅干studentsofallages不同年齡的學(xué)生allthecolorsoftherainbow五顏六色ofallmen在這么多男人中，怎么就eg.Howcouldsuchabeautifulbridemarryablindhusbandofallmen?這么漂亮的新娘怎么偏偏就嫁給了一個瞎眼的新郎？Oneladybroughtinabiscuitonawheelbarrow.Itweighednearly500pounds.Alittlelater,amancamealongwithabiscuitwhichoccupiedthewholebootofhisealongwith:toaccompany和…一起來，和…一起產(chǎn)生；伴隨著eg.Lightningcomesalongwiththunder閃電總是伴著雷聲。eg.Corruptioncomesalongwithbureaucracy.腐敗總是伴著官僚的產(chǎn)生而出現(xiàn)。comeupwithagoodidea有了一個好主意，想出一個好主意boot(Br.)后備箱，行李箱trunk(Am.)licksb’sboots:totryhardtopleasesbimportant取悅某人，阿諛奉承eg.Thebootisontheotherfoot.恰恰相反，張冠李戴Allthebiscuitsthatweresentwerecarefullyweighed.Thelargestwas713pounds.Itseemedcertainthatthiswouldwintheprize.Butjustbeforethecompetitionclosed,alorryarrivedatthefactorywithatrulycolossalbiscuitwhichweighed2,400pounds.broughtinonawheelbarrow…camealongwithabiscuit…alorryarrivedwithatrulycolossalbiscuit…lorry(Br)truck(Am)Ithadbeenbakedbyacollegestudentwhohadusedover1,000poundsofflour,800poundsofsugar,200poundsoffat,and400poundsofvariousotheringredients.ingredientn.1）配料（materials）eg.Variousingredientsmakethesouppossibletotastegood.各種各樣的作料使得湯嘗起來味道不錯。2）（elements）成分，因素eg.Imaginationandhardworkaretheingredientsofsuccess.想象力和努力是成功的主要因素。Itwassoheavythatacranehadtobeusedtoremoveitfromthelorry.Themanufacturershadtopaymoremoneythantheyhadanticipated,fortheyboughtthebiscuitfromthestudentfor$24,000三、Review1.Noonecanavoidbeinginfluencedbyadvertisements.eg.NoonecanavoidbeinginfluencedbyEnglishinsuchacompetitivesociety.eg.NoChinesecanavoidbeinginfluencedbytheimpactbroughtaboutbythetransitionfromplannedeconomytomarketeconomy.2.Muchaswemayprideourselvesonourgoodtaste…語法點(diǎn):as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語須倒裝，準(zhǔn)確的說，是把需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞提到as的前面。eg.Muchashesmokes,Peternevercoughs.eg.MuchasIloveyou,Iwon'tmarryyou!