2017初一英語名詞講解及練習(xí)

2017初一英語名詞講解及練習(xí)2017初一英語名詞講解及練習(xí)2017初一英語名詞講解及練習(xí)資料僅供參考文件編號(hào)：2022年4月2017初一英語名詞講解及練習(xí)版本號(hào)：A修改號(hào)：1頁次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：名詞名詞分類：名詞分為普通名詞和專有名詞普通名詞：表示同一類的人或物的名稱，又可分為個(gè)體名詞，如boy,house,insect,tiger等；物質(zhì)名詞，如air,snow,bread,rice等；抽象名詞，如glory,honesty,failure,education等。專有名詞：表示個(gè)人、國家、地方、機(jī)構(gòu)、組織等的專有名稱，如ChengDu,China,Obama,ChinaCentralTelevision等。名詞的兩大考點(diǎn)：數(shù)與格二、名詞的數(shù)1.普通名詞：可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞(1)可數(shù)名詞：包括個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞△個(gè)體名詞:表示個(gè)體的人或事物名稱的詞。如：teacher,student,boy,book,bag每個(gè)可數(shù)名詞都有其單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式。

A.單數(shù)表示“一個(gè)”的概念。用名詞的單數(shù)時(shí)，名詞前需加a或an。

如abook（一本書）、anapple（一個(gè)蘋果）、anorange（一個(gè)橘子）等。

B.復(fù)數(shù)表示兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的物體。如twopencils（兩枝鉛筆）、threeweeks（三周）等。集合名詞：表示一群人或一些事物名稱的詞。如：people,family,class,furniture

復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成有兩種：規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成和不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成。規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成詞形復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成方法例詞大多數(shù)名詞在詞尾加-s。（在清輔音后讀[s]，在濁輔音及元音后讀[z]。）cat——cats

book---booksdog----dogs

bag——bags

boy---boys以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾加-es,讀作[iz]。glass——glasses

match——matches以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞把y變成i,加-es,讀作[iz]city——cities但專有名詞例外，直接在y后加-s,讀作[z]Canadian——CanadiansAmerican——Americans以輔音字母+o結(jié)尾的名詞一般直接加-es,讀作[z];tomato——tomatoes

potato——potatoes某些詞例外,加-skilo--kilos,piano—pianos,photo——photos以元音字母+o結(jié)尾的名詞直接加-s,但讀作[z]zoo——zoos

radio——radios以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞有的直接加-s,讀作[z]roof——roofs大多數(shù)要將f或fe變?yōu)関,再加-es,讀作[z]leaf——leaves

wife——wives

knife—knivesyourself---yourselves不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成特點(diǎn)例詞通過改變?cè)~內(nèi)元音字母man——menfoot——feet

tooth——teethmouse——mice（老鼠）通過在詞尾加-en或-renox——oxen（牛）child——children單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同asheep——twosheep

adeer——twodeer（鹿）

aChinese——twoChinese（中國人）注意事項(xiàng):

只能用于復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞有:clothes,trousers,pants,shoes,socks

單數(shù)名詞用于復(fù)數(shù)含義:people,public,police特殊名詞的講解：⑴people作“人們，人民”解時(shí)，只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞作復(fù)數(shù)。作“民族”解時(shí)，單復(fù)數(shù)不同，復(fù)數(shù)要在詞尾加s。Therearefivepeopleinmyfamily.我家有五口人。Therearefifty-sixpeoplesinourcountry.我們國家有56個(gè)民族。⑵clothes等屬于無單數(shù)形式的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語作復(fù)數(shù)。例：Myfavoriteclothesarepants.⑶pants,shoes,glasses,shorts，scissors等名詞，由兩部分構(gòu)成，常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。要表示單數(shù)常用apairof表示，此時(shí)如作主語，謂語要作單數(shù)看待。例：Yourpantsareblue.Thispairofpantsismine.⑷集體名詞看作整體時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù);指成員時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。Hisfamilyisalargefamily.指整體Hisfamilylikeanimals.指成員⑸有的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同：fish魚fishes魚的種類,paper紙papers報(bào)紙，卷子，論文,work工作works作品，工廠,glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡,orange桔子水oranges橙子,light光線lights燈,people人peoples民族,time時(shí)間times時(shí)代,次數(shù),chicken雞肉chickens小雞例：hair和fruit通常作單數(shù)，表示總體。Myhairisblack.我的頭發(fā)是黑色的。Ilikefruit.It’sgoodforyou.我喜歡水果,水果對(duì)你的身體有好處。但如果表示若干根頭發(fā)或各種水果，則需用復(fù)數(shù)形式.HomerSimpsonhasthreehairs.辛普森有三根頭發(fā)。Shelikespears,peachesandotherfruits.他喜歡梨，桃和其它水果。Exercise:一）在后面加s。如：cat-catsbag-bagsday-daysfathers,books,Americans1、Some______areflyingkitesneartheriver.A.child

B.boy

C.boys

D.childs

二）x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如：class—classesmatch—matchesbox-----boxesdish----dishesboxes,glasses,dresses,watches,wishes1.Therearemany________(fox)inthepicture.2．The_____hastwo______.A.boys,watches

B.boy,watch

C.boy,watches

D.boys,watch三）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es如：baby-babies,family-families,duty-duties,story-stories1.Their________(dictionary)looknew.以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。(元音是字母a,e,i,o,u)如：day-days,boy-boys,toy-toys,key-keys,ways四）以o結(jié)尾(沒有生命的)加s（外來詞）。如：photos，zoos,pianos,radios,（有生命的）加es：如:tomatoes西紅柿,potatoes馬鈴薯1、Weneedsomemore____.Canyougoandgetsome,please?

A.potatoB.potatosC.potatoesD.potatoe

2．Therearelotsof_____inthebasketonthetable.A.tomatos

B.tomato

C.tomatoes

D.tomatoss3.Let'stake________(photo),OK?

4.Ihavelotsof________(tomato)here.五）以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es。如：knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halves,shelf-shelves,leaf-leaves,yourself-yourselves1、Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree___.A.leafsB.leavesC.leafD.leave

2、Twelve_______werehurt,butno_________werelostinthataccident.A.person;life

B.people;lives

C.peoples;lives

D.persons;life

3.The________(leaf)onthetreeturn-yellow.六）單復(fù)數(shù)相同（不變的）有：fish,sheep,deer鹿子,Chinese,Japanese,Germen1、---Arethereany________onthefarm?

---Yes,therearesome.A.horse

B.duck

C.chicken

D.sheep

2、Therearealotof_______downtherebuthardlyany_______.A.sheeps,peopleB.sheep,people

C.sheeps,peoples

D.sheep,peoples

3．Canyouseenine_____inthepicture?

A.sheep

B.dog

C.pig

D.horse4．Therearefour_____andtwo______inthegroup.A.Japanese,GermenB.Japaneses,GermenC.Japanese,GermansD.Japaneses,Germans5.Howmany________(sheep)arethereonthehill?

七）一般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒有單數(shù)的有：people,shorts,shoes,glasses,gloves,clothes,socks1.Therearefive________(people)inhisfamily.2、Therearealotof_______downtherebuthardlyany_______.A.sheeps,people

B.sheep,people

C.sheeps,peoples

D.sheep,peoples

3、Twelve_______werehurt,butno_________werelostinthataccident.A.person;life

B.people;lives

C.peoples;lives

D.persons;life

八）單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：police警察局，警察,class班，同學(xué),family家，家庭成員九）合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如：actionmovie-actionmovies,Looker-on

Lookers-on

1、Thepoliceinvestigatedthose_____abouttheaccident.A.stander-by

C.standers-byB.stander-bys

D.standers-bys

但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如：mandoctor-mendoctors,womanteacher-womenteachers1、Allthe______inthehospitalgotariselastmonth.a.womendoctors

c.womandoctorsb.womendoctord.womandoctor

2．Two______wouldcometothevillage.A.woman-doctorsB.womendoctor

C.womendoctors

D.womandoctors3.Theyare________(woman)doctors.十）特殊形式的有：man-men,policeman-policemen,Englishman-Englishmen，woman-women,child-children,foot-feet,mouse-mice,tooth-teeth1、One______ofMike’swashurtintheaccidentyesterday.A.tooth

B.feet

C.hand

D.ear

2、Thelittlebabyhastwo_______already.A.tooth

B.tooths

C.teeth

D.teeths

3.Thecatcaughttwo______lastnight.A.mouses

B.mice

C.mouse

D.mices4．TheJapanese____willnotleaveChinauntilshefinishesherstudy.A.woman

B.women

C.man

D.men5．Theboyoftenbrusheshis_____beforehegoestobed.A.tooth

B.tooths

C.teeth

D.teeths6.Thedeerhasfour______.A.foot

B.feet

C.feets

D.foots7.Thebabyhasonlytwo________(tooth)now.(2)不可數(shù)名詞：包括物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞△物質(zhì)名詞：表示無法分為個(gè)體的名詞。如：coffee,hair,juice,water,rice△抽象名詞：表示狀態(tài)，品質(zhì)，動(dòng)作，感情等抽象概念的名詞。如：health,happiness,help個(gè)體名詞集體名詞物質(zhì)名詞個(gè)體名詞集體名詞物質(zhì)名詞抽象名詞可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞普通名詞專有名詞注意事項(xiàng)：1.不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)變化,不能與a/an或表示具體數(shù)量的詞直接連用。這些名詞前往往加some,any,no,alittle等詞。如;somewater/applejuice/milk2.當(dāng)需要表達(dá)名詞的單位的量時(shí)候就要用：數(shù)詞+量詞+Of+名詞來表述。用量詞修飾時(shí)，首先要注意量詞的單復(fù)數(shù)；然后要注意名詞是否可數(shù),不可數(shù)時(shí)用單數(shù),可數(shù)時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù),如：onebagofrice.onekiloofapples.tenbagsofrice.tenkilosofapples.Exercise:1、Theyarethirsty.Willyoupleasegivethem______

A.somebottlesofwaters

B.somebottlesofwaterC.somebottleofwaterD.somebottleofwaters

2、Thereissome_______ontheplate(盤子).A.cakes

B.meat

C.potato

D.pears

3、Pleasepassme_____.A.twoglassofwater

B.twoglassesofwaters

C.twoglassesofwater

D.twoglasswater4、Thistableismadeof__________.A.manyglass

B.glasses

C.someglasses

D.glass

5、Mr.Smithalwayshas________totellus.A.somegoodpiecesofnews

B.somepiecesofgoodnews

C.somegoodpieceofnews

D.somepieceofgoodnews

6、Generallythereare______televisionprogramsforchildrenonSaturday.A.little

B.much

C.alargenumberof

D.alargeamountof

★對(duì)量詞的提問句型對(duì)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用howmany；對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問要用howmuch，但對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞前表示數(shù)量名詞中的修飾語提問時(shí)要用howmany。如：Iwouldliketwoapples.→Howmanyappleswouldyoulike?

Iwantsomebread.→Howmuchbreaddoyouwant?

Iwantthreeglassesofwater.→Howmanyglassesofwaterdoyouwant？

詢問價(jià)格用Howmuch，如:HowmuchisthecoatHowmucharethecoats

二.名詞的所有格所有格的構(gòu)成：1.有生命的名詞2.無生命的名詞★有生命的名詞

（1）一般單數(shù)名詞后加's.

如：mybrother'sbook，Jack'scat，thegirl'spen

（2）以-s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格，只需在名詞右上方加‘。

如：thegirls’dormitory，ateachers'college

注意：在不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)名詞后，要加's.如：women'sclothes.（3）如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩個(gè)人共有，在后一個(gè)名詞詞尾加's，

如：TomandPeter'sroom湯姆和彼得的房間（共有）

（4）如果一樣?xùn)|西不是共有的，兩個(gè)名詞都要加's.

如：Tom'sandPeter'srooms湯姆的房間和彼得的房間（不共有）★無生命名詞:無生命的名詞的所有格，通常用“of+名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示。如：thewindowsoftheroom（房間的窗戶）apictureofthehorse（一張馬的照片）名詞習(xí)題一．寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：1.house_________2.it___________3.zoo__________4.orange_________5.bag___________6.exercise___________7.brush__________8.family___________9.bus___________10.city__________11.box___________12.baby__________13.class__________14.factory_________15.glass__________16.dictionary__________17.watch_________18.woman_________19.match__________20.man_________21.this__________22.German__________23.tomato_________24.policeman___________25.kilo__________26.human_________27.potato___________28.Chinese__________29.shelf__________30.Japanese__________31.leaf___________32.American__________33.life___________34.tooth__________35.wife___________36.foot___________37.knife__________38.sheep__________39.half___________40.child__________41.tooth__________42.mouth__________二．選擇填空：1.Iwanttobuy________.A.twobottlesofinkB.twobottleofinkC.twobottleofinksD.twobottlesofinks2.Theydon’thavetodo_______today.A.muchhomeworkB.manyhomeworksC.manyhomeworkD.muchhomeworks3.Therearethree______andseven______inthepicture.A.cows,sheepsB.cows,sheepC.cow,sheepD.cow,sheeps4.June1is_______.A.children’sdayB.children’sDayC.Children’sDayD.Children’sday5.______roomisnexttotheirparents’.A.Kate’sandJoan’sB.Kate’sandJoanC.KateandJoan’sD.KateandJoan6.MissGreenisafriendof_______.A.Mary’smother’sB.Mary’smotherC.Marymother’sD.mother’sofMary7.Sheep_______whiteandmilk_______alsowhite.A.is,areB.are,isC.is,isD.are,are8.I’dliketohaveaglassofmilkand_______.A.twobreadsB.twopiecesofbreadsC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopieceofbread9.Many______aresingingoverthere.A.womanB.womenC.girlD.child10.Hebought_______.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoesC.twopairsofshoeD.twopairofshoe11.Mr.Whitehasthree_______.A.childB.childrenC.childsD.childrens12.---Arethese______---No,theyaren’t.They’re_______.A.sheep,cowsB.sheep,cowC.sheeps,cowD.sheeps,cows13.Therearemany______inthefridge.A.fishB.fruitC.eggsD.bread14.---Whoseroomisthis---It’s_______.A.LiMingB.LiMing’sC.LiMingsD.LiMings’15.Hereare______foryou,Sue. A.potatosB.somepotatoesC.threetomatosD.sometomato16.Herearesomebirthdaycardswithourbest______forher.A.wishB.hopeC.wishesD.hopes17.Ialwaysgotothat______tobuyfoodonSunday.A.shopB.parkC.zooD.garden18.______roomisonthe5thfloor.A.LucyandLilyB.LucyandLily’sC.Lucy’sandLilyD.Lucy’sandLily’s19.Mum,I’mquitethirsty.Pleasegiveme________.A.twoorangeB.twobottleoforangesC.twobottlesoforangeD.twobottlesoforanges20.10.Thecatcaughttwo______lastnight.A.mousesB.miceC.mouseD.mices21.Imetsome______intheparkandtalkedwiththemtheotherday.A.JanpanesesB.AmericanC.ChinesesD.English22.Therearetwo______intheroom.A.shelfB.shelfsC.shelfesD.shelves23.Thereareseven______inaweek.A.yearsB.monthsC.daysD.minutes24.Myfatherisa______.Heworksinahospital.A.teacherB.doctorC.farmerD.writer25.---Excuseme,areyou______---Yes,I’mfrom________.A.Japan,JapaneseB.China,ChineseC.England,EnglishD.American,America26.Theyare______jackets.A.Lucy’sB.Lucy’27.Whatcoloris______coat.A.Peter’sB.Peter’28.Theseare______books.A.teachers’sB.teachers’29.Theyare______icecreamsA.children’B.children’s30.Thisis______bag.A.TomandPeter’B.Tom’sandPeter’s31.Whereare______.A.theschool’sstudentsB.studentsoftheschool32.Thoseare______bags.A.drivers’sB.drivers’33.Thisbagis______.A.Mary’sandTom’sB.MaryandTom’s34.______fathersarecoming.A.Mary’sandKate’sB.Mary’sandKateC.MaryandKate’s35.How____arethesebooks

A.manyB.much36.Thispairofpants______blue.Ilike_____verymuch.A.is,itB.are,themC.is,themD.are,it37.How______glassesofwaterdoyouwant

A.manyB.much

38.Thisis________.A.MikeandJim'sbikeB.Mike'sandJimbikeC.Mike'sandJim'sbikeD.MikeandJimbike39.Theseare______.A.AmyandLingling’sroomB.Amy’sandLingling’sroomC.Amy’sandLingling’sroom