小學(xué)英語語法小結(jié)

小學(xué)英語語法小結(jié)小學(xué)英語語法小結(jié)小學(xué)英語語法小結(jié)資料僅供參考文件編號(hào)：2022年4月小學(xué)英語語法小結(jié)版本號(hào)：A修改號(hào)：1頁次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：小學(xué)英語語法小結(jié)名詞：有可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和、復(fù)數(shù)之分。名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：一般在名詞詞尾“s”如：teacher—teachersegg—eggs以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的名詞加’“es”如:class—classesbox—boxesbus—buseswatch—watches以輔音字母+y的名詞變y為i加es如：story—storieslibrary—librariesdictionary—dictionarieshobby—hobbies以f,fe結(jié)尾的名詞，變f,fe為v加es如：life—livesleaf—leaveshalf—halvesknife—kniveswolf—wolveswife—wives以o結(jié)尾的名詞英雄芒果土豆西紅柿”加es如：hero—heroesmango—mangoespotato—potatoestomato--tomatoes其余加s如：zoo—zooskilo—kilosradio—radiosphoto—photospiano—pianos不規(guī)則名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式如：child—childrenman—menwoman--womenfoot—feettooth—teeth有的可數(shù)名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式相同如：Japanese、Chinese、sleep.如：lhaveonesleep.Hehastwosleep.不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式不可數(shù)名詞有：【1】milk、water、juice、tea、ice;【2】food、rice、meat、fish、chicken、bread、cheese；【3】paper、newspaper、hair、time、money、homework、housework；不可數(shù)名詞的的數(shù)量常表示如下Twobottlesofmilkacupofjuicehalfakiloofcheeseabigofricethreekilosofmeatsomewater人稱代詞人稱代詞包括主格和賓格。主格在句中作主語，賓格用于動(dòng)詞或介詞后作賓語。主格Iweyouhesheitthey賓格meusyouhimheritthem我你們你、你們他她它他、她、它們Wearegoingtohaveapicnic.Letusgo.ImisseveryoneinChina.Whocanhelpme

Whatishedoing

Heistryingtogetonthebus.Lookathim.Shecan’theat.Thisdoghelpsher.TellmemoreabouttheGreatWall.物主代詞物主代詞包括形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。形容詞性物主代詞后需跟名詞，名詞性物主代詞后不用跟。名詞性物主代詞含義=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞的含義。形容詞性物主代詞myouryourhisheritstheir名詞性物主代詞mineoursyourshishersitstheirs我的我們的你的、你們的他的她的它的他、她、它們的Thisismybook.=Thisbookismine.Thisishiebag=Thisbagishis.Yourwatchisold,buthersisnew.Thanksgivingismyfavouritefestival.Wesay“Thinkyou”forourfood,familyandfriends.四、疑問詞who誰what什么when什么時(shí)候where哪里whattime幾點(diǎn)why為什么how怎么whose誰的howmuch多少howmany多少howold多大whatcolour什么顏色howlong多長whatday那天對(duì)人物提問用whoWhogaveittoyouSimon’sfamilygaveittome.WhocanhelpmeIcanhelpyou.對(duì)事物或做某事提問用whatWhatdoyouwantIwantahotdog.WhatareyoudoingIamreadingabook.WhatareyougoingtostudyI’mgoingtostudyEnglish.WhatareyougoingtodoWe’regoingtowalkaroundthelake. What’sitabout

It’saboutanimals.3、對(duì)時(shí)間提問用whenWhenareyougoingtoeat?We’regoingtoeatatha;fpasttwelve.WhenwashebornHewasbornin1809.4、對(duì)點(diǎn)鐘提問用whattimeWhattimeisitIt’stwelve.WhattimedoyougetupIgetupatsixo’clock.對(duì)地點(diǎn)提問用whereWherewashebornHewasborninFrance.WhereareyouIamonthetrain.Where’syourmum

She’satthesupermarket.對(duì)原因提問用whyWhyareyouwearingaraincoat?Becauseit’sgoingtorain.對(duì)身體狀態(tài)或方式用howHowareyouI’mfine.Howareyougoingtogotoschool?I’mgoingtogotoschoolbybus.對(duì)價(jià)錢等不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量用howmuchHowmuchisit?It’sthirteendollarsandtwenty-fivecents.Howmuchmilkdoyouwant?Iwanttwobottlesofmilk.對(duì)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用howmanyHowmanybooksaretheyonthedesk?Therearethreebooksonthedesk.對(duì)年齡提問用howoldHowoldareyouI’mtwelve.對(duì)“某人的”提問用whoseWhosecapisthisIt’sAmy’scap.WhosepenisthatIt’shispen.對(duì)顏色提問用whatcolourWhatcolourisitIt’sblack.對(duì)顏色提問用whatdayWhatdayisittodayIt’sMonday.對(duì)長度提問用howlongHowlongisitIt’saboutsixthousandsevenhundredkilometers.特殊疑問句語序：疑問詞+一般疑問句語序？例：Howdoyougotoschool？疑問詞【做主語】+謂詞動(dòng)詞+……

例：Wegaveittoyou？五、時(shí)態(tài)1.一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生時(shí)的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。經(jīng)常與表示過去的時(shí)間連用。如yesterday【昨天】，lastweek【上周】，lastmonth【上個(gè)月】，lastyear【去年】，twomothsago【兩個(gè)月前】等。構(gòu)成：【1】肯定句：主語+動(dòng)詞過去式+……Hemadeavideo.否定句：主語+didn’t+動(dòng)詞原形+……Hedidn’tmakeavideo.一般疑問句：Did+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+……Didhemakeavideo?

【2】be動(dòng)詞用was,were.否定句在was,were后加not。一般疑問句把was，were提前道句首。ShewasborninAmerica.ShewasnotborninAmerica.WassheborninAmerica?2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作構(gòu)成：主語+am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞+……Thebirdsaresinginginthetrees.否定句在am/is/are后加not.Thebirdsarenotsinginginthetrees.一般疑問句把a(bǔ)m/is/are提前到句首Arethebirdssinginginthetrees?

3、一般將來時(shí)表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)詞或存在的狀態(tài)。經(jīng)常與表示將來的時(shí)間連用。如tomorrow（明天），nextweek（下周），nextyear（明年）等。構(gòu)成：（1）主語+will+動(dòng)詞原形+……Hewillpickuptheapples.否定句在will后加not。Hewillnotpickuptheapples。一般疑問句把will提前到句首。Willhepickuptheapples？

（2）主語+begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形+……WearegoingtostudyFrench。否定句在am,is,are后加not。WearenotgoingtostudyFrench。。一般疑問句把a(bǔ)m,is,are提前到句首。AreyougoingtostudyFrench？

4、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。構(gòu)成：【1】主語+am/is/are+……否定句在am/is/are后加not.一般疑問句把a(bǔ)m/is/are提前道句首。HelenKellerisamodelforblindpeopleandforyouandme.【2】肯定句：主語+動(dòng)詞原形……Theduckslikeit.否定句：主語+don’t+動(dòng)詞原形+……Theducksdon’tlikeit.一般疑問句：Do+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+……

Dotheduckslikeit?

【3】肯定句：主語【三單】+動(dòng)詞第三人稱形式+……Helikesnoodles.否定句：主語+doesn’t+動(dòng)詞原形+……Hedoesn’tlikenoodles.一般疑問句：Does+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+……Doeshelikenoodles?

六、動(dòng)詞過去式形式規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式構(gòu)成一般在動(dòng)詞詞尾加ed如：work--workedplay--playedwatch--watched以e結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞在詞尾加d如：live--lived以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把y變i再加ed如:study--studiescopy--copiescry--criescarry--carries有些動(dòng)詞雙寫最后一個(gè)字母再加ed如：stop--stoppeddrop--dropped不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式規(guī)律性不強(qiáng)，需多加記憶。動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞過去式動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞過去式gowentcomecamebecomebecamebringbroughtsaysaidputputteachtaughtcancouldreadreadgivegaveam/iswasareweredodidflyflewhavehadmakemaderunranseesawriderodewinwongetgottelltoldeatatesendsenttaketookbuyboughtsitsatmeetmetwritewrotedrawdrewswimswamfallfellrinkdrankringrang動(dòng)詞ing形式也是現(xiàn)在分詞形式現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則一般在動(dòng)詞詞尾直接加“ing”sleep--sleepinglook--lookingwear--wearingeat--eatingsend--sendingsing--singinggo--goingjump--jumping以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要去掉e再加上“ing”write--writingcome--comingride--ridinguse--usinghave--havingmake--makingtake--takingshine--shining有些動(dòng)詞雙寫最后一個(gè)字母再加“ing”get--gettingput--puttingsit--sittingrun--runningSwim--swimmingskip--skippingshop--shopping動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞在詞尾加“s”stop--stopsmake--makesread--readsplay--plays以輔音字母加“y”結(jié)尾的，先將“y”變?yōu)椤癷”加“es”fly--fliescarry--carriesstudy-studiesworry--worries以“s,x,ch,sh,o”結(jié)尾，在詞尾加es”teach--teacheswatch--watchesdo--doesgo--goes情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can過去式could后加動(dòng)詞原形IcanwriteEnglish.Icancarrythisbag.Icanhelpyou.Wecanalwaysbefriends.Latershecouldreadandwrite.否定句在can，could后加notcannot=can’tcouldnot=couldn’tWecan’tgonow.Ican’twriteChinese.Shecouldn’tseeandshecouldn’thear.Ican’tcarryeverything.Hisfriendscan’thearhim.一般疑問句把can，could提前到句首Canyouswim

Yes,Ican./No,Ican’t.CanyouspeakEnglishCanIwritetoyourfriends

CanyoubemyChinesepenpalYes,ofcourse.十、反義詞big--smalllong--shortnew--oldtall--shortyoung--oldheavy--lighteasy--hard/difficultup--downearly--latefat--thinwhite--blackcry--laughdifferent--sameinside--outsidehot--coldhappy--sadgood--badclean--dirtybring--takethis--thatthese--thosealways--neverwoman--man十一、同音詞