大學(xué)英語綜合教程第一冊(cè)Unit7自測(cè)題

大學(xué)英語綜合教程第一冊(cè)Unit7自測(cè)題大學(xué)英語綜合教程第一冊(cè)Unit7自測(cè)題大學(xué)英語綜合教程第一冊(cè)Unit7自測(cè)題資料僅供參考文件編號(hào)：2022年4月大學(xué)英語綜合教程第一冊(cè)Unit7自測(cè)題版本號(hào)：A修改號(hào)：1頁次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：Unit7AnimalintelligenceI.Usefulexpressions(20points)Directions:PleasefindouttheEnglishequivalenceinTextAandwritedownthecorrectanswersintheblank.1.達(dá)成交易___________________2.精明的還價(jià)者_(dá)___________________3.道德習(xí)慣____________________4.作出判斷_______________________5.緊急救護(hù)______________________6.估量，判斷_____________________7.保持平衡_____________________8.滑入_______________________9.凝視_______________________10.消滅，消除______________________II.Readingcomprehension(30points)SectionA(10points)Directions:Pleaseselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Behavioristhewaythatanimalsact.Forexample,howdotheygetfoodortakecareoftheiryoungHowdotheyfindaplacetoliveinor______(11)themselvesfromdangerMuchbehaviorisinnate;thatis,animalsarebornwithit.______(12),animalslearnmuchotherbehavior.Thereareseveralkindsoflearnedbehavior.

Onesimple_________(13)oflearnedbehaviorishabituation.Thishappenswhenananimallearnstofeelcomfortableinanew________(14)anddoesn’tpayattentiontoanymore.Forexample,younghorsesareoftenafraidofnoisystreets.Butafterawhile,theylearntopaynoattentiontothenormal___________(15)andsoundsofacity.Anotherkindoflearnedbehaviorisconditioning.Itisawayoflearningbyassociation—thatis,byputting_______(16)differentideas.In1900,IvanPavlov,aRussianbiologist,studiedconditioningindogs.Dogsinnatelysalivate(produceliquidinthemouth)whentheysmellfood.Pavlov___________(17)abelleverytimehegavefoodtoadog.Soonthedogstartedto_______(18)thesoundofthebellwiththesmelloffood.Aftersometime,itsalivatedwhenitheardabellalone,______(19)food.Learningisimportantforallanimalsinanew________(20).itallowsananimalstobeadaptable---thatis,abletochangeinanewsituation.A.withoutB.respondedC.associateD.HoweverE.rangF.asideG.typeH.environmentI.anywayJ.sightsK.togetherL.situationM.wayN.protectO.defendSectionB(20points)Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Peopletendtobemoreimpressedbyevidencethatseemstoconfirmsomerelationship.Thusmanyareconvincedtheirdreamsareprophetic(預(yù)言的)becauseafewhavecometrue;theyfailtonoticethemanythathavenot.Consideralsothebeliefthat"thephonealwaysringswhenI'mintheshower."Ifitdoesringwhileyouareintheshower,theeventwillstandoutandberemembered.Ifitdoesn'tring,thatnoneventprobablywon'tevenregister（留下印象）.Peoplewanttoseeorder,patternandmeaningintheworld.Consider,forexample,thecommonbeliefthatthingslikepersonalmisfortunes,planecrashes,anddeaths"happeninthrees."Suchbeliefsstemfromthetendencyofpeopletoallowthethirdeventtodefinethetimeperiod.Ifthreeplanecrashesoccurinamonth,thentheperiodoftimethatcountsastheir"happeningtogether"isonemonth;ifthreecrashesoccurinayear,theperiodoftimeisstretched.Flexibleendpointsreinforcesuchbeliefs.Wealsotendtobelievewhatwewanttobelieve.Amajorityofpeoplethinktheyaremoreintelligent,morefair-mindedandmoreskilledbehindthewheelofanautomobilethantheaverageperson.Partofthereasonweviewourselvessofavorablyisthatweusecriteriathatworktoouradvantage.AseconomistThomasSchellingexplains,"Everybodyrankshimselfhighinqualitieshevalues:carefuldriversgiveweighttocare,skilleddriversgiveweighttoskill,andthosewhoarepolitegiveweighttocourtesy,"Thiswayeveryonerankshighonhisownscale.Perhapsthemostimportantmentalhabitwecanlearnistobecautious(謹(jǐn)慎的)indrawingconclusions.The"evidence"ofeverydaylifeissometimesmisleading.21.Inthefirstparagraphtheauthorstatesthat____.(A)dreamscannotbesaidtobepropheticeventhoughafewhavecometrue.(B)dreamsarepropheticbecausesomeofthemdidcometrue.(C)dreamsmaycometrueifclearlyremembered.(D)dreamsandrealityarecloselyrelated.22.By"thingslike...""happeninthrees"(Para.3,Line2),theauthorindicatesthatpeoplebelieve____.(A)personalmisfortunestendtohappeneverynowandthen.(B)personalmisfortunes,planecrashes,anddeathsusuallyhappentogether.(C)misfortunestendtooccuraccordingtocertainpatterns.(D)misfortuneswillneveroccurmorethanthreetimestoapersoninhislifetime.23.Tenword"courtesy"(Para.4,line6)probablymeans____.(A)goodmanners.(B)Appropriatespeech.(C)Friendlyrelations.(D)Satisfactoryservice.24.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage____(A)Happeningsthatgounnoticeddeservemoreattention.(B)Inaseriesofmisfortunesthethirdoneisusuallythemostserious.(C)Peopletendtomakeuseofevidencethatsupportstheirownbeliefs.(D)Believersofmisfortuneshappeninginthreesarecautiousininterpretingevents.25.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat____.(A)thereissometrutheveninthewildestdreams.(B)oneshouldtakenoticeofotherpeople'smerits.(C)thereisnoorderorpatterninworldevents.(D)weshouldnotbaseourconclusionsonaccidentalevidence.PassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Mostpeoplewouldagreethat,althoughourageexceedsallpreviousagesinknowledge,therehasbeennocorrespondingincreaseinwisdom.ButAgreementceasesassoonasweattempttodefine"wisdom"andconsidermeansofpromotingit.Thereareseveralfactorsthatcontributetowisdom.OftheseIshouldputfirstasenseofproportion:thecapacitytotakeaccountofalltheimportantfactorsinaproblemandtoattachtoeachitsdueweight.Thishasbecomemoredifficultthanitusedtobeowingtotheextentandcomplexityofthespecialknowledgerequiredofvariouskindsoftechnicians.Suppose,forexample,thatyouareengagedinresearchinscientificmedicine.Theworkisdifficultandislikelytoabsorbthewholeofyourmind.Youhavenotimetoconsidertheeffectwhichyourdiscoveriesorinventionsmayhaveoutsidethefieldofmedicine.Yousucceed(letussay)asmodernmedicinehassucceeded,inenormouslyloweringtheinfantdeath-rate,notonlyinEuropeandAmerica,butalsoinAsiaandAfrica.Thishastheentirelyunintendedresultofmakingthefoodsupplyinadequateandlowingthestandardoflifeinthepartsoftheworldthathavethegreatestpopulations.Totakeanevenmoredramaticexample,whichisineverybody'smindatthepresenttime;youstudythemakeupoftheatomfromadisinterested(無利害關(guān)系的)desireforknowledge,andbychanceplaceinthehandsofapowerfulmadmanthemeansofdestroyingthehumanrace.Therefore,witheveryincreaseofknowledgeandskill,wisdombecomesmorenecessary,foreverysuchincreaseaugments(增強(qiáng))ourcapacityforrealizingourpurposes,andthereforeaugmentsourcapacityforevil,ifourpurposeareunwise.26.Disagreementariseswhenpeopletrytodecide_____.(A)howmuchmorewisdomwehavenowthanbefore(B)whatwisdomisandhowtodevelopit(C)ifthereisagreatincreaseofwisdominourage(D)whetherwisdomcanbedevelopedornot27.Accordingtotheauthor,"wisdom"istheabilityto_____.(A)carefullyconsiderthebadeffectsofanykindofresearchwork(B)giveeachimportantproblemsomecarefulconsideration(C)acquireagreatdealofcomplexandspecialknowledge(D)givesuitableconsiderationtoallthepossibleelementsinaproblem28.Loweringtheinfantdeath-ratemay_____.(A)provetobehelpfuleverywhereintheworld(B)giverisetoanincreaseinpopulationinEurope(C)causefoodshortagesinAsiaandAfrica(D)raisethelivingstandardofthepeopleinAfrica29.Theauthorusestheexamplesinthepassagetoillustratehispointthat_____.(A)it'sextremelydifficulttoconsideralltheimportantelementsinproblem(B)successinmedicalresearchhasitsnegativeeffects(C)scientistsmayunknowinglycausedestructiontothehumanrace(D)it'sunwisetobetotallyabsorbedinresearchinscientificmedicine30.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage_____(A)Itisunwisetoplacetheresultsofscientificresearchinthehandsofapowerfulmadman.(B)Themoreknowledgeonehas,thewiseronebecomes.(C)Anyincreaseofknowledgecouldlea