英漢詞語的對比與翻譯課件

英漢詞語的對比與翻譯增補譯法詞類轉(zhuǎn)換詞義引申英漢詞語的對比與翻譯增補譯法1英漢詞語的對應(yīng)關(guān)系finger,air-conditionerlightindustry,lightdrinkHewaswearingdarkglasses,agreyshirt,andablacktie.telecommuters,woopieItwasFridayandsoonthey’dgooutandgetdrunk.TheeconomyofthefoureconomictigersinAsiabecameweaklastyear.英漢詞語的對應(yīng)關(guān)系finger,air-condition2完全對應(yīng)---一一對譯部分對應(yīng)---根據(jù)上下文，詞語搭配缺乏對應(yīng)---釋義文化內(nèi)涵不同---歸化，增補文化信息完全對應(yīng)---一一對譯3Exercise:Softgoods,softjob,softeconomy,softfireThereareonlyfiveminutesleft,Ineedtogototherestroom.Toreducelossandincreaseoverallprofits,theCEOtoldhisproductmanagerstogetridofallthedogs.Exercise:Softgoods,softjob,4增補譯法(1)Theequipmentshouldenterproductionin2000withfirstdeliveriesbeingmadein2001.(2)Theprojecthasbeenconsiderablyspeededup.(3)AccordingtotheU.S.CommerceDepartment,theUnitedStatesforeigndebtswelledto$263.3billionin1986,upfrom$111.9billionin1985.(4)Thepurposeofengineeringistocreateusefulgoods,tomakethembetter,cheaperandmoreabundant.(5)Boththebuyerandthesellerarebusyatnegotiationsofbusiness,contractanddraft.(6)Aforeigntradestaffmusthaveagoodfoundationineconomics,mathematics,statistics,accountingandinterculturalcommunication.增補譯法(1)Theequipmentshoulde5(1)Theequipmentshouldenterproductionin2000withfirstdeliveriesbeingmadein2001.這種設(shè)備可望在2000年投產(chǎn)，2001年首批交貨。（增加量詞）(2)Theprojecthasbeenconsiderablyspeededup.工程的進度大大加快了。（增加名詞，表概念）(3)AccordingtotheU.S.CommerceDepartment,theUnitedStatesforeigndebtswelledto$263.3billionin1986,upfrom$111.9billionin1985.根據(jù)美國商務(wù)部統(tǒng)計，美國的外債已從1985年的1119億美元激增到1986年的2633億美元。（增加動詞，邏輯需要）(1)Theequipmentshouldenter6(4)Thepurposeofengineeringistocreateusefulgoods,tomakethembetter,cheaperandmoreabundant.工程的目的是要創(chuàng)造有用的物品，使他們的質(zhì)量更好，價格更便宜，數(shù)量更充足。（語義搭配需要）(5)Boththebuyerandthesellerarebusyatnegotiationsofbusiness,contractanddraft.買賣雙方正忙于交易磋商，合約談判和匯票議付。(6)Aforeigntradestaffmusthaveagoodfoundationineconomics,mathematics,statistics,accountingandinterculturalcommunication.一位外貿(mào)人員必須在經(jīng)濟學，數(shù)學，統(tǒng)計學，會計學和文化交際等五個方面具有良好的功底。（增加范疇詞，表概括）(4)Thepurposeofengineering7詞類轉(zhuǎn)換(1)ConsideringthesmallamountofgoodsshippedweagreetomakeanexceptionbyacceptingthepaymentbyD/P.(2)Thenewcontractwouldbegoodfortenyears.(3)Silkin,andsyntheticfibersareout.(4)Theconferencewasonthecontroversialissuesinpolicybetweentheclientsandinsurancescompanies.(5)Wehavetomakeitsurethattheremittanceofcommissionmadeassuchisnotagainstlocalregulations.詞類轉(zhuǎn)換(1)Consideringthesmall8(1)ConsideringthesmallamountofgoodsshippedweagreetomakeanexceptionbyacceptingthepaymentbyD/P.鑒于貨運量很小，我們同意破例接受付款交單。(2)Thenewcontractwouldbegoodfortenyears.新的合同有效期為10年。(3)Silkin,andsyntheticfibersareout.絲綢時髦了，而人造纖維失寵了。(1)Consideringthesmallamou9(4)Theconferencewasonthecontroversialissuesinpolicybetweentheclientsandinsurancescompanies.大會討論了客戶和保險公司之間在保險條款方面有爭議的問題。(5)Wehavetomakeitsurethattheremittanceofcommissionmadeassuchisnotagainstlocalregulations.我們得確保這樣匯付傭金不違反當?shù)匾?guī)定。(4)Theconferencewasonthe10詞義引申(1)Thesedays,theU.S.economyisn’t“graduatingenoughscientiststofilltheneedofthecomingdecades,”fretsCharlesC.Leighton,“That’sarealconcern”.(2)Themajorprobleminmanufactureisthecontrolofcontaminationandforeignmaterials.(3)Nowthatthemergerof“dot”and“com”hascreatedsomanyyoungmillionaires,there’sanewtopic:venturecapital.(4)TheEEC’sCommonAgriculturalpolicyisadinosaurwhichisadding￡13.50aweektothefoodbilloftheaverageBritishfamily.詞義引申(1)Thesedays,theU.S.e11(1)Thesedays,theU.S.economyisn’t“graduatingenoughscientiststofilltheneedofthecomingdecades,”fretsCharlesC.Leighton,“That’sarealconcern”.近年來，美國經(jīng)濟“未培養(yǎng)出足夠的科學家來滿足今后幾十年發(fā)展的需要”，查爾斯·C·萊頓抱怨說，“這才是真正需要關(guān)注的問題”。(2)Themajorprobleminmanufactureisthecontrolofcontaminationandforeignmaterials.生產(chǎn)制造過程中的一個主要問題是控制污染和雜質(zhì)。(1)Thesedays,theU.S.econo12(3)Nowthatthemergerof“dot”and“com”hascreatedsomanyyoungmillionaires,there’sanewtopic:venturecapital.既然網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司的兼并造就了如此多的百萬富翁，我們面臨一個新的話題：風險資本。(4)TheEEC’sCommonAgriculturalpolicyisadinosaurwhichisadding￡13.50aweektothefoodbilloftheaverageBritishfamily.歐洲經(jīng)濟共同體的農(nóng)業(yè)共同政策早已不合時宜了，它要使英國家庭平均每周在食品開銷上多支出13.50英鎊。(3)Nowthatthemergerof“do13Exercise:(1)Inspecttheinstrumentcarefullyfordamagewhenremovingitfromtheprotectivecontainer.(2)Theseoccurrencesarenormal,withinspecifications,andarenotindicativeofdefectsintheproduct.(3)Itseemstheconsumersinpoorcountriesaregreenerthanthoseinrichones.(4)Wefinddifficultyinraisingagreatnumberoffundswhenthegovernmentexecutesthetightmoneypolicy.(5)Weareexportersoftheabovegoods,havingabackgroundofsome30years.(6)EveryoneknowsthatJohnlosthisshirtwhenthebusinesshehadinvestedfailed.Exercise:(1)Inspecttheinstr14(1)Inspecttheinstrumentcarefullyfordamagewhenremovingitfromtheprotectivecontainer.當從包裝箱中取出儀器時，請仔細檢查有無損壞之處。(2)Theseoccurrencesarenormal,withinspecifications,andarenotindicativeofdefectsintheproduct.這些現(xiàn)象都是正常的，符合規(guī)格的，并不表明產(chǎn)品有瑕疵。(3)Itseemstheconsumersinpoorcountriesaregreenerthanthoseinrichones.貧困國家的消費者似乎比富國的更具有環(huán)保意識。(1)Inspecttheinstrumentcar15(4)Wefinddifficultyinraisingagreatnumberoffundswhenthegovernmentexecutesthetightmoneypolicy.當政府實行緊縮銀根政策時，我們覺得難以籌集大量資金。(5)Weareexportersoftheabovegoods,havingabackgroundofsome30years.我們出口上述商品，已經(jīng)經(jīng)營了30多年。(6)EveryoneknowsthatJohnlosthisshirtwhenthebusinesshehadinvestedfailed.大家都知道，約翰生意破產(chǎn)后就傾家蕩產(chǎn)了。(4)Wefinddifficultyinrais16英漢詞語的對比與翻譯增補譯法詞類轉(zhuǎn)換詞義引申英漢詞語的對比與翻譯增補譯法17英漢詞語的對應(yīng)關(guān)系finger,air-conditionerlightindustry,lightdrinkHewaswearingdarkglasses,agreyshirt,andablacktie.telecommuters,woopieItwasFridayandsoonthey’dgooutandgetdrunk.TheeconomyofthefoureconomictigersinAsiabecameweaklastyear.英漢詞語的對應(yīng)關(guān)系finger,air-condition18完全對應(yīng)---一一對譯部分對應(yīng)---根據(jù)上下文，詞語搭配缺乏對應(yīng)---釋義文化內(nèi)涵不同---歸化，增補文化信息完全對應(yīng)---一一對譯19Exercise:Softgoods,softjob,softeconomy,softfireThereareonlyfiveminutesleft,Ineedtogototherestroom.Toreducelossandincreaseoverallprofits,theCEOtoldhisproductmanagerstogetridofallthedogs.Exercise:Softgoods,softjob,20增補譯法(1)Theequipmentshouldenterproductionin2000withfirstdeliveriesbeingmadein2001.(2)Theprojecthasbeenconsiderablyspeededup.(3)AccordingtotheU.S.CommerceDepartment,theUnitedStatesforeigndebtswelledto$263.3billionin1986,upfrom$111.9billionin1985.(4)Thepurposeofengineeringistocreateusefulgoods,tomakethembetter,cheaperandmoreabundant.(5)Boththebuyerandthesellerarebusyatnegotiationsofbusiness,contractanddraft.(6)Aforeigntradestaffmusthaveagoodfoundationineconomics,mathematics,statistics,accountingandinterculturalcommunication.增補譯法(1)Theequipmentshoulde21(1)Theequipmentshouldenterproductionin2000withfirstdeliveriesbeingmadein2001.這種設(shè)備可望在2000年投產(chǎn)，2001年首批交貨。（增加量詞）(2)Theprojecthasbeenconsiderablyspeededup.工程的進度大大加快了。（增加名詞，表概念）(3)AccordingtotheU.S.CommerceDepartment,theUnitedStatesforeigndebtswelledto$263.3billionin1986,upfrom$111.9billionin1985.根據(jù)美國商務(wù)部統(tǒng)計，美國的外債已從1985年的1119億美元激增到1986年的2633億美元。（增加動詞，邏輯需要）(1)Theequipmentshouldenter22(4)Thepurposeofengineeringistocreateusefulgoods,tomakethembetter,cheaperandmoreabundant.工程的目的是要創(chuàng)造有用的物品，使他們的質(zhì)量更好，價格更便宜，數(shù)量更充足。（語義搭配需要）(5)Boththebuyerandthesellerarebusyatnegotiationsofbusiness,contractanddraft.買賣雙方正忙于交易磋商，合約談判和匯票議付。(6)Aforeigntradestaffmusthaveagoodfoundationineconomics,mathematics,statistics,accountingandinterculturalcommunication.一位外貿(mào)人員必須在經(jīng)濟學，數(shù)學，統(tǒng)計學，會計學和文化交際等五個方面具有良好的功底。（增加范疇詞，表概括）(4)Thepurposeofengineering23詞類轉(zhuǎn)換(1)ConsideringthesmallamountofgoodsshippedweagreetomakeanexceptionbyacceptingthepaymentbyD/P.(2)Thenewcontractwouldbegoodfortenyears.(3)Silkin,andsyntheticfibersareout.(4)Theconferencewasonthecontroversialissuesinpolicybetweentheclientsandinsurancescompanies.(5)Wehavetomakeitsurethattheremittanceofcommissionmadeassuchisnotagainstlocalregulations.詞類轉(zhuǎn)換(1)Consideringthesmall24(1)ConsideringthesmallamountofgoodsshippedweagreetomakeanexceptionbyacceptingthepaymentbyD/P.鑒于貨運量很小，我們同意破例接受付款交單。(2)Thenewcontractwouldbegoodfortenyears.新的合同有效期為10年。(3)Silkin,andsyntheticfibersareout.絲綢時髦了，而人造纖維失寵了。(1)Consideringthesmallamou25(4)Theconferencewasonthecontroversialissuesinpolicybetweentheclientsandinsurancescompanies.大會討論了客戶和保險公司之間在保險條款方面有爭議的問題。(5)Wehavetomakeitsurethattheremittanceofcommissionmadeassuchisnotagainstlocalregulations.我們得確保這樣匯付傭金不違反當?shù)匾?guī)定。(4)Theconferencewasonthe26詞義引申(1)Thesedays,theU.S.economyisn’t“graduatingenoughscientiststofilltheneedofthecomingdecades,”fretsCharlesC.Leighton,“That’sarealconcern”.(2)Themajorprobleminmanufactureisthecontrolofcontaminationandforeignmaterials.(3)Nowthatthemergerof“dot”and“com”hascreatedsomanyyoungmillionaires,there’sanewtopic:venturecapital.(4)TheEEC’sCommonAgriculturalpolicyisadinosaurwhichisadding￡13.50aweektothefoodbilloftheaverageBritishfamily.詞義引申(1)Thesedays,theU.S.e27(1)Thesedays,theU.S.economyisn’t“graduatingenoughscientiststofilltheneedofthecomingdecades,”fretsCharlesC.Leighton,“That’sarealconcern”.近年來，美國經(jīng)濟“未培養(yǎng)出足夠的科學家來滿足今后幾十年發(fā)展的需要”，查爾斯·C·萊頓抱怨說，“這才是真正需要關(guān)注的問題”。(2)Themajorprobleminmanufactureisthecontrolofcontaminationandforeignmaterials.生產(chǎn)制造過程中的一個主要問題是控制污染和雜質(zhì)。(1)Thesedays,theU.S.econo28(3)Nowthatthemergerof“dot”and“com”hascreatedsomanyyoungmillionaires,there’sanewtopic:venturecapital.既然網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司的兼并造就了如此多的百萬富翁，我們面臨一個新的話題：風險資本。(4)TheEEC’sCommonAgriculturalpolicyisadinosaurwhichisadding￡13.50aweektothefoodbilloftheaverageBritishfamily.歐洲經(jīng)濟共同體的農(nóng)業(yè)共同政策早已不合時宜了，它要使英國家庭平均每周在食品開銷上多支出13.50英鎊。(3)Nowthatthemergerof“do29Exercise:(1)Inspecttheinstrumentcarefullyfordamagewhenremovingitfromtheprotectivecontainer.(2)Theseoccurrencesarenormal,withinspecifications,andarenotindicativeofd