Unit3語(yǔ)法精講直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)課件-高二英語(yǔ)人教版2019選擇性必修第三冊(cè)

Unit3語(yǔ)法精講直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)人稱變化時(shí)態(tài)變化12代詞，時(shí)狀，地狀，動(dòng)詞變化3語(yǔ)序變化4Theexpertsaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.Theexpertsaid,“Fromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearstohavestarvedanddied.”DirectSpeechIndirectSpeechThereporterasked,“Willpolarbearsdieoutbecauseofclimatechange?”Thereporteraskedwhetherpolarbearswoulddieoutbecauseofclimatechange.DirectSpeechIndirectSpeechThereporterasked,“Howcanwesavepolarbearsfromextinction?”Thereporteraskedhowwecouldsavepolarbearsfromextinction.DirectSpeechIndirectSpeech“Let’sworktogethertostopclimatechange,”theexpertsaid.Theexpertadvisedustoworktogethertostopclimatechange.引語(yǔ)的概念直接引述別人的原話，叫____________;直接引語(yǔ)用自己的話把別人的話陳述出來(lái)，叫_________。間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)通常都用_________括起來(lái)，引號(hào)“”間接引語(yǔ)在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個(gè)________。賓語(yǔ)從句直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等一般均要作相應(yīng)的變化。1.時(shí)態(tài)變化

如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)方面要做相應(yīng)的變化。直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)

一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)e.g.“Idon’tknowthat,”

hesaid.Hesaidthathedidn’tknowthat.由直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ),下列情況時(shí)態(tài)不變:①直接引語(yǔ)屬真理或客觀事實(shí)時(shí)Theteachersaidtous,“Lightrunsmuchfasterthansound.”→Theteachertolduslightrunsmuchfasterthansound.注意2.經(jīng)常的習(xí)慣

Hesaidtothedoctor,“Ismoketwopackseveryday.”

→Hetoldthedoctorthathesmokestwopackseveryday.3.歷史事件

Theteachersaid,“WorldWarIIendedin1945.”

→TheteachersaidthatWorldWarIIendedin1945.4.部分情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,如must,oughtto,usedto,hadbetter等

Shesaidtome,“Youmusthurryup.”→ShesaidthatImusthurryup.句型轉(zhuǎn)換（1）Theteachersaid，“YouaredoingOK.”→Theteachersaidthat

doingOK.（2）Hesaid，“Ihavewrittenanovel.”→Hesaidthat

anovel.（3）Hesaid，“Shewillcomeheretohavealongholiday.”→Hesaidthat

gotheretohavealongholiday.（4）Theteachersaid，“Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.”→Theteachersaidthatwherethere

awill，there

away.（5）Janesaid，“Mary，wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouonthebus?”→JaneaskedMarywhere

whenshemetheronthebus.wewerehehadwrittenshewould

isshewasgoing is

2.人稱變化

一隨主、二隨賓、第三人稱不更新。一隨主：直接引語(yǔ)中第一人稱變?yōu)榕c主句的主語(yǔ)相一致的人稱。二隨賓：直接引語(yǔ)中第二人稱變?yōu)楹烷g接賓語(yǔ)（即聽話人）相一致的人稱。第三人稱不更新：直接引語(yǔ)中第三人稱變?yōu)殚g接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，人稱不變。e.g.“Idon’tknowthat,”

hesaid.Hesaidthathedidn’t

knowthat.Hesaid,“Ilikeitverymuch.”Hesaidthathelikeditverymuch.Hesaidtome,“I’veleftmybookinyourroom.Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom.Isaidtoher,“Ihavedonemybest.”ItoldherthatIhaddonemybest.人稱變化句型轉(zhuǎn)換（1）“Iwillcomeandseeyouagainthisevening，Tom，”shesaid.→ShetoldTomthat

wouldgoandsee

againthatevening.（2）Hesaidtome，“Youarewrong.”→Hetoldmethat

waswrong.（3）“Areyouasoldier?”heasked.→Heaskedif/whether

wasasoldier.（4）Heasked，“Whereareyougoingtogetoff，John?”→HeaskedJohnwhere

wasgoingtogetoff.sheIhimIhe變化項(xiàng)目直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)指示代詞thisthese時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)nowtoday,tonightthisweek/month…thatthosethenthatday,thatnightthatweek/month…3.指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞的變化。yesterdaytendays/weeks…agotomorrow/nextyear..

地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)here方向性動(dòng)詞comebringthedaybeforetendays…beforethenextday/year…theregotake句型轉(zhuǎn)換（1）“Iwillcomeandhelpyoutomorrow，John，”shesaid.→ShetoldJohnthatshewould

andhelpher________________.

（2）“I’llcomeandseeyouagainthisevening，Tim，”hesaid.→HetoldTimthathewouldgoandseehimagain

.（3）MrHarryasked，“John，haveyoupassedtheexamyesterday?”→MrHarryaskedJohnwhetherhehadpassedtheexam_________.（4）Theoldmansaid，“Iliketotalkwiththeseyoungmen.”→Theoldmansaidthathelikedtotalkwith

youngmen.（5）Shesaidtome，“Ilivedherefiveyearsago.”→Shetoldmeshehadlived

fiveyears

.thenextdaythateveningthedaybeforethosetherego

before4.語(yǔ)序變化直接引語(yǔ)如果是疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要把疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z(yǔ)序。一般疑問(wèn)句→由連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，其主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用ask,wonder,wanttoknow等。egMotheraskedme,“Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?”→Motheraskedmewhether/ifIhadfinished

myhomework.選擇疑問(wèn)句→由whether...or引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。eg“AreyougoingtoBeijingorShanghaifortheholidays?”sheasked.

→SheaskedmewhetherIwas

goingto

BeijingorShanghaifortheholidays.反意疑問(wèn)句→由連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。eg“Youdon’tlikerockmusic,doyou?”hesaid.→Heaskedmewhether/ifIlikedrockmusic.特殊疑問(wèn)句→由連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。eg“Howmanysleepingpillshaveyoutaken?”askedthenurse.→ThenurseaskedmehowmanysleepingpillsIhad

taken.Theteacherasked,“Wherehaveyoubeen?”→TheteacheraskedmewhereIhadbeen.表示請(qǐng)求、勸告、建議等意義的疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)：suggest+doing或ask/advise+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞不定式。eg“Whataboutstartingearlytomorrowmorning?”Jacksaid.→Jacksuggestedstartingearlytomorrowmorning.“Whydon’tyoutaketherestofthedayoff?”askedmyassistant.→Myassistantadvisedmetotaketherestofthedayoff.祈使句→動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式。常見引述動(dòng)詞有tell,order,ask,warn。如果祈使句為否定式，則在不定式前加not。egHesaidtoAnn,“Tellmeyourproblem.”→HetoldAnntotellhimherproblem.“Becarefulwiththedog,boys,”shesaid.→Shewarnedtheboystobecarefulwiththedog.“Don’tworkinbed,Tom,”shesaid.→ShetoldTomnottoworkinbed.句型轉(zhuǎn)換（1）Hesaid，“I’veleftmybookinyourroom.”→Hetoldme

he

hisbookinmyroom.（2）Shesaid，“Doyoulikewatchingtheadvertisementso