Unit-9-What-Is-Happiness答案綜合教程二

Unit9WhatIsHappinessKeytotheExercisesTextcomprehensionI.AT;2.F;3.F;4.T;5.F.Hemeansthatoneisgiventherighttopursuehappiness,butdoesnotknowwhatitis.Becausehebelievesthatcommercialadvertisingnotonlyfailstosatisfyourdesires,butmoreimportantlyitcreatesthem,anditcreatesthemfasterthananyman ’sbudgetcansatisfythem.Suchinsatiabilitymakespeopleunhappy.Becausehethinksthattheproductsandpursuitsadvertisedonthefrontpagesofwomen’smagazinesaredreamlikeandcan ’tbefulfilled.HesettwoextremesaccordingtoThoreau,thelowlevelandthehighlevel.Theformerreferstopossessionforitsownsakeorincompetitionwiththerestoftheneighborhood,whilethelatterreferstoactivedisciplineofheighteningone’sperceptionofwhatisenduringinnature.Tofindbalanceistosavetimeandeffortonthelowlevelsandspendonthehigh.Theinherentrightisnothappinessitself,butliesinthepursuitofhappiness,inthepursuitofwhatislife-engagingandlife-revealing,heideaofbecoming.IV.JonathanSwiftseemedtosharethisviewwhenhecriticizedthisideaofhappinessasthestateofbeingcompletelycontrolledbydeception…Theactiveexerciseortrainingtoimproveone’sunderstandingofwhatisoflastingvaluewouldhavebeenThoreau’sideaofthehighlevels,i.e.spiritualhappiness.StructuralanalysisofthetextPart1(Para.1,2):Theauthorpointsoutthatwhenwearenotsurewhathappinessis,wetendtobemisledbytheideathatwecanbuyourwaytoit.Part2(Para.3,4,5,6):Theauthoroffersanumberofexamplestoshowhowthismisconceptionofhappinessgivesrisetothe“happiness-market”inahighlycommercializedsociety(theUnitedStates).(Para.7,8,9):TheauthorsuggestsstrikingabalancebetweenwhatThoreaucalledthelowlevelsandthehighlevels.(Para.10):Theauthorgiveshisunderstandingofhappiness,inthelightoftheFoundingFathers’ beliefthatitis “intheideaofbecoming”.Vocabulary

Phraseun-American:nottypicaloftheattitudes,waysoflife,etc.,thatareapprovedoforconsiderednormalintheUScommercialism:theactivitiesorattitudesofpeoplewhothinkthatmakingaprofitismoreimportantthananythingelse;emphasisonthemaximizingofprofit 商業(yè)主義isusedtoemphasiforthatmatter:itisalsotruethat …(Thephrase“forthatmatter'isusedtoemphasithatsth.,thoughmentionedsecond,isalsotrue,important,orrelevantaswhathasbeenmentionedearlier.)就此而論，在這方面 ,同樣face:aspect方面innature:essentially事實(shí)上，本質(zhì)上1.perpetual;2.functions;3.inherent;4.cited;5.approaching;6.flawless;7.vaguely;8.disciplining.III.WordderivationFmercial5.patriotic6.fictional7.disapproval8.starvingIV.1.C;2.B; 3.D; 4.B;5.D; 6.A; 7.C;8.D.V.Synonym/Antonymhugely—Synonym:enormously,tremendously;deliberately—Antonym:unintentionally,accidentallySynonym:perfect,spotlessAntonym:inhaleAntonym:impartial,unbiasedAntonym:imbalanceSynonym:have,ownSynonym:fixed,stationary,quietVI.Prefix/SuffixWriteineachspaceonewordthathasthesamestemasunderlinedineachgivenword.contain obtainconcede precedecompel repelsuspend dependinclude concludeinsist consistdescend ascendrevolveevolverevolveGrammarExercisesI.Completethesentencesbelowwithsuitablepronouns.yourself;You/We;you/weyou/one/weitoneanotherThey/WemyselfyourselfitI;We;They;us;They;it;weThere;There;There;There;There;It;there;There;It;there.ThereReplacetheunderlinedpartsinthefollowingsentenceswithnon-finiteclausesorverblessclauses.Whileflattered, ……whethertogoupstairsortofollow …Wheneverpossible,……ifleftuntreated.…ifready.Thoughnoswimmer,…Onceoverthepass,…Whetherbyaccidentorbydesign, …Once;Though;If;when;whether;Unless;Before;After.1.c;2.b; 3.b;4.c;5.a;6.d; 7.d; 8.d.TranslationI.廣告是一項(xiàng)主要產(chǎn)業(yè)，它的存在與其說(shuō)是為了滿(mǎn)足人們的欲望；不如說(shuō)是為了激發(fā)他們的欲望——而且是以超出任何人的收入所能承受的速度激發(fā)這些欲望。他們號(hào)召美國(guó)公眾采取愛(ài)國(guó)行動(dòng)，立即用他們并沒(méi)有的錢(qián)去購(gòu)買(mǎi)他們并不需要的汽車(chē)，而且要求他們?cè)诘诙甑男驴钇?chē)問(wèn)世之前就對(duì)它們厭倦。梭羅無(wú)疑不贊同挨餓，但他花在食物上的精力只是為了讓自己得以從事更重要的活動(dòng)。倘若他們能預(yù)見(jiàn)到 “幸福市場(chǎng) ”的話(huà)，他們或許會(huì)強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)至為重要的事實(shí)，即幸福存在于追求它的過(guò)程中， 存在于追求值得用生命去追尋、 揭示生命真諦的富有意義的過(guò)程中， 換言之，幸福是一種過(guò)程。II.InOctober,1935,theChineseRedArmy,havingenduredallhardshipsandsacrifices,finallymade/foughttheirwaytothenorthofShaanxiprovince.Intheeconomiccrisis,thegovernmentreleasedastatement,callinguponthepeopletobuythelocalproductsasfar/manyaspossible.Thepoliticians/statesmeninvariouscountriesaretryingtoharnessnuclearenergyandrestorethesafeenvironmentforthehumanrace.Hedidn’thearthedoorbellbecausehewasraptinhiswork.Thiscountrysuffersfromfrequentriotsbecauseofwidespreadextremepoverty,aswellaspeople’sinherentdistrustofthecorruptgovernment.Inhislectureonthecurrenteconomicsituation,theeconomistusedalotoffiguresonthePPTtounderlinetheseriousnessofthecrisis.Heansweredwithasmile, “Notatall.Ididthisasmuchforyouasformyself.Amanismeasurednotbywhathesays,butbywhathedoesforhiscountryandpeople.ExercisesforintegratedskillsDictationWealthachievedthroughdishonestmeans/doesnotbringhappiness./Lotterywinningsdonotbringhappiness./Wealthleftbyparents/doesnotbringhappiness./Infact,/moneyaloneisalmostworthless./Ifyouhavebothself-esteemandmoney,/youmaybewellonthewaytohappiness./However,whatisstillmissinginbothself-esteemandmoney/isproductiveworkandarealcontribution /towardsthehappinessofothers./Thesecrettohappiness/liesinthecontributiontowardsthehappinessofothers./Youcanfoolothers/butyoucanneverfoolyourself./Ifyouobtainwealththroughluck/ordishonestmeans,/youwillknow/youdidnotearnit./Ifyouhavetakenadvantageof/orhurtotherstoearnyourwealth,/youwillnotbehappy./Youwillnotlikeyourself./Youwillnotfeelyouarecapable./(135words)Clozeis(2)an(3)makes(4)As(5)isachieve(7)that(8)to(9)you(10)somethingWritingPracticeWritetwoparagraphsbasedonthefollowingtopicsentences.Firstanticipateanobjectiontoyourviewpointandthenargueagainsttheobjection.Asan18-year-old,Istronglybelieveinexpressingmyownindividualityratherthantryingtobe“justlikeeverybodyelse”(OR:believeinconformingtothecustomsandpracticesofoursocietyratherthanexpressingmyindividuality).Ideasforreference:Everybodyisbornunique.Ifwejustgrowtothinklikeothersandactlikeothers,wewillallbecomeunsuspectingconformists.Apersonwhowantstobe“different”willlearnmoreeffectivelyandefficientlyafinndallymakesabigdifference.Sample:Asan18-year-old,Istronglybelieveinexpressingmyownindividualityratherthantryingtobe“justlikeeverybodyelse.”Everybodyisbornunique,soamI.Theideaencouragedbyourparentsthatfollowthe“ruleso”fsocietyandtrulyconformtothecustomsandpracticesofsocietywillhelpuslearnandgrowupsoundlyisn ’tcompletelytrue.Justasawisemanonceputit, “thesurestwaytocorruptayouthistoinstructhimtoholdinhigheresteemthosewhothinkalikethanthosewhothinkdifferently. ”Ifwejustgrowtothinklikeothersandhencealwaysactlikeothers,wewillallbecomeunsuspectingconformists.Noculturewouldreallybehealthyandrobustifitweremadeupofconformistsandconformistsonly.What’smore,bythinkingandactingdifferentlyfromthemajority,wewilllearnevenmorequicklyandbecomematureevensooner.Ayouthwhotriestobe“justlikeeverybodyelse”islikeastudentwhojustcopiestheteacherbyrote.Andonlythosewhoalwayschallengeandquestiontheirteachersandtextbookshavethepotentialtoexcel.Apersonwhowantstobe“differentwi”lllearnmoreeffectivelyandefficientlyandfinallymakesabigdifference.Therefore,myfellowpals,beourownmanorwomanplease.Wewillbeproudofourselvesbyourownpersonalityoneday.Itisquiteapopularbeliefthatthecurrentmethodofselectingstudentsforhighereducationshouldbeeliminated,butIbelieveinthecontrary.Ideasforreference:Therealcauseofthefiercecompetitionisn ’tthemethodofselectingstudentsforhighereducation.Thereislimitedavailabilityofplacesintheinstitutionsofhigherlearning.Chinesecultureoveremphasizestheimportanceofformalschoolingforpersonaldevelopment.Sample:Itisquiteapopularbeliefthatthecurrentmethodofselectingstudentsforhighereducationshouldbeeliminated,butIbelieveinthecontrary.Themajorargumentforthe

eliminationtheoryisthatthecollegeentranceexaminationsmakethecompetitionforcollegeentrancetoofiercetobegoodforthementalaswellasphysicalgrowthofteenagers,butsuchanobjectionactuallyfallswideofthemark.Therealcauseofthefiercecompetitionisn'themethodofselectingstudentsforhighereducationbutthelimitedavailabilityofplacesintheinstitutionsofhigherlearningandtheculturewhichoveremphasizestheimportanceofformalschoolingforpersonaldevelopment.Firstly,comparedwithdevelopedcountries,China'highereducationisstillunderdeveloped.Toomanystudentswanttogotocollege,buttherearenotenoughuniversitiesavailable,thuscausingfiercecompetitionamongstudents.Secondly,Chineseculturevaluestoomuchontheimportanceofformalschoolingforpersonaldevelopment.Astudentwhofailstogetadmittedtoaagood"universityisoftenregardedasafailure.Fromthisperspective,wecansaythattherealproblemisnotwiththecurrentstudentenrolmentmethodwhichreliesheavilyonthematriculationexaminationsanditisn 'tworkabletoeliminatetheexams.Evenifweeliminatedthem,thecompetitionbetweenstudentswouldnotbecomeanylessfierce.Besides,othernewproblemswouldarise.ListeningExercisesandthenCanhappinessbepla