高中英語語法冠詞講解及練習(xí)

冠詞用法一.不定冠詞的用法.表泛指，表首次提到的、不限定的人或物。Thereisabookonthedesk..a/an+單數(shù)n.表類別，指一類人或事物。Ahorseisausefulanimal..表one,acertain,every,thesameI’llreturninadayortwo.AMr.Whiteiswaitingforyoudownstairs.Thedoctoraskedmetotakethemedicinethreetimesaday.Theyarenearlyofanage..用在抽象名詞前， a+抽象名詞，即抽象名詞具體化。如：Thislittlegirlisajoytoherparents.Itisapleasuretotalkwithyou.Itisanhonourtometoattendthemeeting.asurprise/success/failure5.與物質(zhì)名詞連用，表示 “一種，一陣、一份5.與物質(zhì)名詞連用，表示 “一種，一陣、一份”。Whataheavyrain!Whatagoodsupper!Pleasegivemeablackcoffee!6.在同位語中，常用 a/an+n.(one)MikeandLucy,anewlymarriedcouple,hadahappyhoneymooninParis.7.用在某些固定詞組中 .afterawhile過了一會兒7.用在某些固定詞組中 .afterawhile過了一會兒asamatteroffact事實上inaway在某種程度上allofasudden突然asawhole大體上inaword總而言之a(chǎn)sarule通常ataloss不知所措asaresult結(jié)果，因此inahurry急忙putanendto結(jié)束…cometoanend結(jié)束cometoaconclusion得出結(jié)論 haveagoodtime玩得愉快 havearest休息一下 haveacold感冒haveawordwith和??談——談makealiving謀生makeafire生火makeafoolof愚弄takeawalkaknowledgeof,aunderstandingof,acollectionof不定冠詞的特殊位置as/so/too/how/however+adj.+a/an+單數(shù)n.Soshortatime.Toolongadistance.what/such/half+a/an+單數(shù)n.Ihaveneverseensuchananimal.二.定冠詞的用法表特指的人或物L(fēng)ookattheblackboard.Thereisabookonthedesk.ThebookisanEnglishbook.the+單數(shù)n.表類別Thehorseisausefulanimal.a/an表世界上獨一無二的事物，但若此類名詞前有修飾成分，也可用a/anthesun,theearth,themoon,thesky,theuniverseafullmoonbut:innature,inspace,insociety,inhistory用在普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群島的名詞前。theUnitedStates,theGreatWall,theYellowRiver,theRockyMountains,用在序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級、 only,very,same前。thesecondstory,thelargestroom,thethirdlongestriver但：1)a/an+序數(shù)詞表又一，再一"；the+序數(shù)詞表排序第一，第二???..”Wouldyougivemeasecondchance?amost+adj.最高級：very,themost+adj.最高級表最….”amostbeautifulpicture=averybeautifulpicture用在方位名詞前ontheleft,intheeast/west用在形容詞或分詞前表示一類人 ,作主語謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。thepoor/rich/dying/young/living/wounded表按…計算”bytheyard/thedozen/themonth/theday/theweek/ton但：bysizebytimebyweight在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式前，表示全家人或夫婦二人。TheSmithsaresittingatthebreakfasttable西洋樂器名詞前Doyouliketoplaythepianoortheviolin?在表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前加定冠詞ThecompasswasinventedinChinafourthousandyearsago.年代，朝代前Inthe1870 ’s/1870s,theTangDynasty動詞+sb.+介詞+the+身體部位Hehithimintheface.beatsb.onthenose,takesb.bythearm,patsb.ontheheadthe+比較級表兩者中較???.的”，a+比較級表乙個更???..的”Heisthetallerofthetwoboys.Idon’tlikethebike.Iwantabetterone.用在一些習(xí)慣用語中。如：allthesame仍然allthetime——直alltheyearround——年至U頭attheageof在 歲時atthebeginningof起初；開始attheendof在 的盡頭/末尾定冠詞位置定冠詞通常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前，但放在 exactly,just,all,both，double，half，twice等詞之后，名詞之前。Allthestudentsintheclasswentout.班里的所有學(xué)生都出去了三.不用冠詞的情況 (零冠詞 ).專有名詞前China,America,John,.可數(shù)名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、名詞所有格限制時Thisbookismine..季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、一日三餐名稱前spring,summer,autumn/fall,winter,Sunday,October,NationalDaybut:inthespringofthatyear,ImethimonaMondaylastmonth.Wehadawonderfulsupper..稱呼語，表示頭銜的名詞作表語、補足語及同位語時What'sthis,Mother?Hewasmademonitor.GeorgeW.BushispresidentoftheUSA..學(xué)科名詞，球類、棋類名詞前Doyoustudymathematics?Helikesplayingfootball/chess..不可數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指前Waterisveryimportant.Computersarewidelyusedinourdailylife..在與by連用的交通工具名稱前bycar（bus,train,water,air,land）.某些固定詞組中dayandnight,brotherandsister,hourafterhour,hereandthere.as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，作表語的名詞不帶冠詞。Childassheis,sheknowsalotofFrench..系動詞turn（作變成”解）后作表語的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前習(xí)慣不用冠詞。Theyounggirlhasturnedwriter.=Theyounggirlhasbecomeawriter.no與such連用時應(yīng)放在such之前，such后面的名詞不用冠詞。Nosuchthinghaseverhappenedinthisvillage.man"人類" nature"自然"前不用冠詞。.常見純不可數(shù)名詞，不與a/an連用。fun,weather,advice,progress,baggage,luggage,furniture,equipment,space,health,wealth,word=news,information,luck注意：有無冠詞的區(qū)別attable在進餐atthetable在桌子旁邊atdesk在讀書atthedesk在課桌旁atschool在上學(xué)attheschool在學(xué)校里inclass在上課intheclass在班級里面inbed臥床inthebed在床上inprison坐牢intheprison（因事）在監(jiān)獄inhospital住院inthehospital（因事）在醫(yī)院gotoschool去上學(xué)gototheschool（因事）去學(xué)校gotobed上床睡覺gotothebed在床上gotohospital去看病gotothehospital去醫(yī)院takeplace發(fā)生taketheplace代替inplaceof代替intheplaceof在...的地方incaseof萬一inthecaseof就...來說outofquestion星無疑問outofthequestion完全不可能Hemissedgoldinthehighjump,butwillget secondchanceinthelongjump.A.the;the B.不填；aC.the;a D.a;不填Carlisstudyingfoodscienceatcollegeandhopestoopenupmeatprocessingfactoryofhisownoneday.A./;aB./;theC.the;a D.the;theSamhasbeenappointed manageroftheengineeringdepartmenttotake placeofGeorge.A./,/ B.the7Cthe;the D./,theSarahlookedatfinishedpaintingwithsatisfaction.A.不填；a B.a;theC.the;不填D.the;aBeingabletoafforddrinkwouldbecomfortinthosetoughtimes.A.the;the B.a;a C.a;不填D.不填；aTheSmithsdon'tusuallylikestaginghotels,butlastsummertheyspentafewdaysataverynicehotelbysea.A./;a B.the;the C./;the D.the;awokeupwithbadheadache,yetbyeveningthepainhadgone.A.the;the B.the;an C.a;the D.a;anWearesaidtobelivinginInformationAge,timeofnewdiscoveriesandgreatchanges.A.an;the B.不填;theC.不填；aD.the;aThedevelopmentofindustryhasbeengradualprocessthroughouthumanexistence,fromstonetoolstomoderntechnology.A.不填；the B.the;aC.a;不填D.a;aThe“ChinesQream"isdreamtoimprovepeople'well-beinganddreamofharmony,peaceanddevelopment.A.the;a B.a;a C.a;the D.the;theAnimalsareobviouslylowerformoflifethanman.A.a;/ B.the;the C.a;the D./;/Itwascoldwinternightandthemoonwasshiningbrightlyacrossnightsky.A.不填；a B.a;the C.the;a D.the;不填MarcoPoloissaid tohavesailedonPacificOceanon hiswaytoJava inthirteenthcentury.A.the;a B.a;/C./;theD.the;theIndiaattainedindependencein1947,afterlongstruggle.A.不填;a B.the;a C.an;不填 D.an;thePeopledeveloppreferenceforaparticularstyleoflearningatearlyageandthesepreferencesaffectlearning.A.a;an B.a;不填 C.不填；the D.the;anTheparentswereshockedbynewsthattheirsonneededoperationonhisknee.A.a;/ B.the;/ C.the;an D.a;anFourandhalfhour