最新外研版英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

最新外研版英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)Module1FeelingsandimpressionsUnit1Whatadelicioussmell?Smell:一股氣味（可數(shù)名詞） goodadvice!It'ssohelpfultous.（what/How） interestingthestoryis!（What/How）nice:adj.美味的，友好的，令人愉快的niceweather:好天氣benicetosb?：對(duì)某人友好anicetrip:一次令人愉快的旅行Thecookietastesnice.這塊餅干嘗起來(lái)美味。wouldlike比want語(yǔ)氣更委婉。 Wouldyouliketostayherewithus? Yes,I'dlike/loveto.lovely:令人愉快的，可愛的修飾人或物alovelyafternoon/girllively:活潑的，生動(dòng)的alivelylesson:一堂生動(dòng)的課I'mafraidthat+從句:恐怕（表示歉意或讓對(duì)方失望的情況）I'mafraidthatIcan'tcometoyourpartytomorrow.1）abit=alittle:有點(diǎn)兒，有點(diǎn)后接/形容詞/副詞\形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)Ifeelabitthirstynow.Aftertherain,peoplefeelabit/alittlecooler.abitof+不可數(shù)名詞：ThereIsabitofwaterinthebottle.haveatry:試一試havea/an+名詞haveaswim:游泳haveabreak:休息haveashower:洗沐浴Ihaveasweettooth.我喜歡吃甜食。bedone:做好了，完成了done:adj.做好了的，完成了besure+從句：Areyousurewhatyousaid?Besureof/aboutsth.:對(duì)……確信I'msureof/aboutthetelephonenumber.besure（not）todo.Sth.:確保/務(wù)必（不）做某事Besurenottomisstheearlybus.luckyday:幸運(yùn)日You'realuckyboy.你是一個(gè)幸運(yùn)兒。Goodlucktoyou?祝你好運(yùn)。Unit2thanksfor=thankyoufor:因……而感謝你Thankyoufor/yourhelp.\sendingmephots.message:口信、信息（可數(shù)名詞）takeamessage:捎個(gè)口信leaveamessage:留信Information:信息（不可數(shù)名詞）apieceofinformation,someinformationhearfromsb.=get/receivealetterfromsb.:收到某人的來(lái)信Iheardfrommyunclelastweek.=Igot/receivedaletterfrommyunclelastweek.can'twaittodosth.:等不及/迫不及待做某事Ican'twaittoopenthepresent.quite:1）quitea/an+形容詞+名詞quiteaniceboy:一個(gè)相當(dāng)好的男孩。2）quite修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)放在動(dòng)詞前Hequitelikesmaths.他很喜歡數(shù)學(xué)。very:1）avery+形容詞+名詞averyniceboy2）very與much合在一起修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)，位于句末。HelikesEnglishverymuch.soundlike:聽起來(lái)（像）Themusicsoundsverybeautiful.beproudofsb./sth.:以某人/某事為自豪Parentsareproudoftheirchildren.We'reproudofourcountry.begoodatsth./doingsth.=dowellinsth./doingsth.擅長(zhǎng)某事/做某事I'mgoodatEnglish/swimming.=IdowellinEnglish/swimming.Howdoyoufeelabout...?=Whatdoyouthinkof...?=Howdoyoulike...?Howdoyoufeelaboutthefilm?=Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?in:在多久之后，常用于將來(lái)時(shí)，對(duì)其提問(wèn)用howsoon---HowsoonwillyouleaveBeijing?---I'llcomebackinthreedays.howtodothings:疑問(wèn)詞+不定式，在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)1） Idon'tknowwhattodo.=Idon'tknowwhatIshoulddo.（作賓語(yǔ)）疑問(wèn)詞加不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)換成賓2） Whentoholdthemeetinghasn'tbeendecided.（作主語(yǔ)）3） Hisdreamishowtobeagoodscientist.（作表語(yǔ)）4） Idon'tknowwhattodo.=Idon'tknowhowtodoit.1）beafraidofsb./sth?：害怕某人/某物I'mafraidofdoctors/dogs.2） beafraidofdoingsth.:害怕做某事I'mafraidofflying/goingoutatnight.3） beafraidtodosth.：害怕做某事I'mafraidtoswimacrosstheriver.4） I'mafraidthat:恐怕I'mafraidthatyoumuststudyhard.語(yǔ)法：表示感覺和知覺的系動(dòng)詞也稱感官系動(dòng)詞五個(gè)表示感覺和知覺的系動(dòng)詞與眼、耳、口、鼻、手相關(guān)系。look,sound,taste,smell,feel+形容詞Hefeelstiredafterwork.感官系動(dòng)詞后可接介詞like,like后常接名詞。Hisideasoundslikefun.感官系動(dòng)詞的句型結(jié)構(gòu)與be不同，其否定形式和疑問(wèn)形式要借助動(dòng)詞do。Thefoodtastesdelicious.變成否定句fThefooddoesn'ttastedelicious.變成一般疑問(wèn)句fDoesthefoodtastedelicious?4?持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞，用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep,remain,stayTheweatherwillkeepwarmfor7days.變化系動(dòng)詞有become,grow,turn,get,go等。書面表達(dá)在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中，與北京陽(yáng)光中學(xué)的同學(xué)朝夕相處，其中Daniel的善良和助人為樂等優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)給我們留下了深刻的印象。請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面提示，用英語(yǔ)寫一篇短文。提示：1.Personality:helpful—helpoldwomancrosstheroadkind—workattheHelpingHandsClubcreative—creativeaTVprogramme點(diǎn)撥：人物介紹（年齡、外貌、身份、性格）一典型事例（性格、品質(zhì)）一人物評(píng)價(jià)（喜愛、夸贊）MyfriendDanielMyfriendDanielcomesfromBeijingSunshineSecondarySchool.Hehasaroundfaceandoftenwearsapairofglasses.Heisgoodatplayingcomputergames,buthedislikessports.Hehasmanygoodpersonalqualities.Heishelpful.Heoftenhelpshisclassmateswiththehomework.Healsohelpsoldwomancrosstheroad.Heiskindtoothers.HeworksattheHelpingHandsClub.Heiscreative.Forexample,hecancreateaTVprogramme.Heisgeneroustohisfriends.Helikestosharehisthingswiththem.SoIwanttobeapersonlikeDanielfromnowonandgetonwellwitheveryone.Module2ExperiencesUnit11）enter=takepartin=joinin參加enteracompetition:參加比賽2）enter=come/gointo進(jìn)入Pleaseentertheclassroom.ever:曾經(jīng)、從來(lái)，用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一疑問(wèn)句、否定句。1） Have/Hassb.ever+donesth.?某人曾經(jīng)做過(guò)某事嗎？Haveyoueverenteredaclub?2） ever用于否定句，notever=never從來(lái)Shehasn'teverenteredanycompetitions.3.beforeadv.以前,與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用;也可與一般過(guò)去時(shí)/一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用,位于句末ShehasneverbeentoBeijingbefore?Turnoffthelightbeforeyouleavetheroom?Hecamebackbefore10o'clocklastnight.4?1）afford:買得起、付得起，常與can,could,beableto連用。Thehouseistooexpensive.Ican'taffordit.2）afford后跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，canaffordto/dosth?：有能力支付做某事\buysth?:買得起某物IcanaffordtovisitShanghaithisyear?Heisverypoorandcan'taffordtobuyahouseinthecity.That'sapity.Whatapity!真遺憾！It'sapitythat:太可惜了It'sapitythatyoucan'tcometotheparty.6?here,there,out,in等表示方位的副詞開頭的句子中，主語(yǔ)是名詞，句子要全部倒裝；如果主語(yǔ)是代詞，句子則要部分倒裝。Hereisagiftforyou. Herecomesthebus.（主語(yǔ)是名詞）Hereitis?Hereyouare?（主語(yǔ)是代詞）7?不定式短語(yǔ)在句中作目的狀語(yǔ)，位于句首或句中。Tocatchtheearlybus,Igetupearly?（位于句首，其后有逗號(hào)）Hestudiedhardtopasstheexam?（位于主句后即句末）8?Sheworriedaboutherfuture?=She aboutherfuture?makeup:編造，組成Canyoumakeupastory?bemadeupof：由……組成 Thebasketballteamismadeupof20players?1）Ihopethat（賓語(yǔ)從句）表示祝愿:Ihopethatmydreamwillcometrue.2） hope/wishtodosth.:Iwishtobecomeadoctorinthefuture.3） wishsb.todosth.:Iwishyoutocometomybirthdayparty.1）invitesb.todosth.:邀請(qǐng)某人做某事Lilyinvitedmetoseeafilmyesterday.2)invitesb.tosomeplace:邀請(qǐng)某人去某地I'llinviteLillytomyparty.Unit2數(shù)詞-名詞-形容詞：合成/復(fù)合形容詞，其中的名詞必須用單數(shù)形式，只能放在名詞前做定語(yǔ)，不能作表語(yǔ)。Tomisaneight-year-oldboy. Tomiseightyearsold?oneof+the形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式：最 之一TheYangzeRiverisoneofthelongestriversintheworld.movetosp.:搬到某地TheyaremovingtoBeijinginamonth?他們一個(gè)月后要搬到北京。4.1)sendsb.todosth.:派遣某人做某事TheysentsomescientiststoworkinBeijing.sendsb.toaplace:派某人去某地TheschoolsentTomtoGuilin.sendsb.sth.=sendsth.tosb.:送/寄給某人某物IsentLilyabook.=IsentabooktoLily.the+姓氏s: 一家人， 夫婦，其作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。TheSmithsarehavingdinnernow?1)has/havebeento:去過(guò)某地(表示經(jīng)歷)，人現(xiàn)在已回來(lái)，常與ever,never，次數(shù)等連用。IhavebeentoBeijingtwice.我已去過(guò)北京兩次了。2)has/havegoneto:去某地了(表示此人不在這兒)，不能用于第三人稱。---MayIspeaktoLiTao? 我可以和地濤通話嗎？---Sorry.HehasgonetoBeijing.很抱歉。他去北京了。3)has/havebeenin:住在/在，是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，可以與時(shí)間段連用。HehasbeeninShanghai/fortenyears.\sinceheworked.7?bedifferentfrom:與 不同Hisbikeisdifferentfrommine.8?inmanyways:在許多方面Inmanyways,theydobetterthanus.think/find/feelit+adj?(形容詞)todosth?：覺得/認(rèn)為/感覺做某事 IthinkitimportanttolearnEnglishwell.Ifinditboringtoplaycomputergames.sofar=uptonow:到目前為止，常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用,位于句首或句末。Wehaveplanted2,000treessofar.SofarIhavelearned10,000words.mix with :把 和 混和在一起1)asksb.(not)todosth.:要求/讓某人(不)做某事Tomaskedhismothertowakehimupatseveno'clock.2)asksb.aboutsth.:向某人詢問(wèn)有關(guān)某事 askab.forsth.:向某人要某物Tomaskedmeaboutthehomework.IaskedTomforabook.話題寫作：請(qǐng)你介紹一下游覽北京的經(jīng)歷，內(nèi)容如下：北京在中國(guó)的北方，每年有很多人到北京旅游；來(lái)過(guò)北京多次，跑遍了北京城；3?爬過(guò)長(zhǎng)城，到過(guò)頤和園(theSummerPalace)和故宮(thePalaceMuseum);拍下了很多照片，與外國(guó)人用英語(yǔ)交談過(guò)。Module3JourneytospaceUnit1Whatareyouupto?=Whatareyoudoing?upto:忙于1）just:剛剛，用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，位于助動(dòng)詞后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前。Thetrainhasjustleft?2）justnow=amomentago剛才，常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用，位于句末。Isawanoldfriendjustnow.yet:1）用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的疑問(wèn)句中，位于句末，意為“已經(jīng)”。Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?2）用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句中，位于句末，意為“還沒有”，not???yetIhavenotseenthefilmyet? 我還沒看過(guò)這部電影。already:已經(jīng)，用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句中，位于助動(dòng)詞has/have后，有時(shí)位于句末。Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework?Ihaveseenthefilmalready.thelatestnews:最新的消息That'swhy :那就是 的原因why在此引導(dǎo)的是表語(yǔ)從句。Mybikewasbroken.That'swhyIwaslateforschool.discover:發(fā)現(xiàn)本已存在的客觀事物、科學(xué)上的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。ColumbusdiscoveredAmerica.哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。1）noone=nobody沒有人，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，只指人，不能指物。Noonelikesthiskindofbook?2）None:可以接of短語(yǔ)，既可以指人也可以指物。Noneofthecoatsisred.8.inordertodosth?：為了做某事,表目的，位于句首或句中，可與soastodosth.相互轉(zhuǎn)換。Hegotupearlyinordertocatchthefirstbus.=Inordertocatchthefirstbus,hegotupearly.1）oneday:某一天（過(guò)去/將來(lái)），用過(guò)去/將來(lái)時(shí)I'llrealizemydreamoneday2） somed町：某一天（將來(lái)），用一般將來(lái)時(shí)I'lltravelaroundtheworldsomeday.3） Theotherday:幾天前（過(guò)去），用一般過(guò)去時(shí)Imetanoldfriendinthestreettheotherday.Unit2therebe就近原則：be動(dòng)詞與和它最近的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。therebe的一般將來(lái)時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)為：therewillbe或Thereis/aregoingtobeThereisabankandsomepensonthedesk?Therewillbe/isgoingtobeafootballmatchtomorrow.ontheearth:在地球上onearth:究竟、世界上 Whoonearthwonthematch?goaround:圍繞……運(yùn)行 Theearthgoesaroundthesun.agroupof:一群/組 ，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Shehasagroupoffriends.possible:可能的一impossible:不可能的polite:禮貌的一impolite:不禮貌的adj./adv.+enoughtodosth.:Yourbrotherisoldenoughtogotoschool.Thisbookisn'teasyenoughformetoread.介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。Withasmileonherface,shecamein.8.alone:adj.獨(dú)自的、單獨(dú)的adv.單獨(dú)地、獨(dú)自地lonely:adj.孤獨(dú)的、寂寞的Helivesalone,buthedoesn'municatewithsb.:與某人交流munication交流Weneedtocommunicatewithourparentsathome.語(yǔ)法：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與already,yet,just,before,recently等詞連用。ShehasjustarrivedinChina.Ihaven'tseenhimrecently.Wehaveseenthefilmbefore.2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與ever,never,twice等連用。HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?IhavebeentoGuilintwice.話題寫作：隨著時(shí)代的進(jìn)步、科技的發(fā)展，人們的生活發(fā)生了日新月異的變化。未來(lái)的生活將會(huì)是什么樣子的呢？誰(shuí)都無(wú)法預(yù)料。請(qǐng)發(fā)揮想象，談一談未來(lái)的日子里，將有哪些不可思議的變化。如：很多事情由機(jī)器人或計(jì)算機(jī)完成、在家購(gòu)物、足不出戶旅行……請(qǐng)以“Thelifewecan'timagine”為題寫一篇短文。Thelifewecan'timagineWhatdoyouthinkofthelifeinthefuturewillbelike?Inthefuturetherewillbemorecomputersinourhouses.Computerswillhelpustoknowalotabouttheworld.Wewillbeabletotalkbye-mail.Scientistswillmakemanyrobots.Robotscanhelpusdothecleaning,cookingandwashing.Wecandosomeshoppingorseeadoctorwithoutgoingoutofourhouses.Thelifeinthefuturewillbeverygood.Forthis,wewillstudyhardandturnourideasintoreality.Ibelievewewillbeabletodothis.Module4SeeingthedoctorUnit1HowcanIhelpyou?=WhatcanIdoforyou?有什么事？ill:只作表語(yǔ)Tomwasillyesterday.Hehasbeenillfor4days.sick:可作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)Themotherislookingafterhersickson.Myheadhurts.=Ihavegotaheadache.=Ihaveapaininmyhead.我頭痛。have/catchacold:感冒 haveabadcold:患重感冒haveahigh/lowfever:發(fā)高/低燒haveacough:咳嗽haveatoothache:牙痛takeone'stemperature:給某人量體溫Haveyoutakenyourtemperature?exercise:1)鍛煉、運(yùn)動(dòng)，為不可數(shù)名詞。Weshoulddo/talesomeexerciseeveryday.2)練習(xí)、作業(yè)、體操，為可數(shù)名詞。Doingmorningexercisesisgoodforyourhealth.Ihavetwoexercisestodotoday.since:1)作連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+since+句子(一般過(guò)去時(shí))Hehaslivedheresincehewas10?2)作介詞，后跟時(shí)間點(diǎn) Shehasworkedheresince2010.for:計(jì)、達(dá)，后跟一段時(shí)間（時(shí)間段）Ihaveworkedherefor14years.1）beharmfulto=bebadfor對(duì)……有害Smokingisharmfultoyou.=Smokingisbadforyou.2） doharmtosb./sth.:傷害某人/某物Stayinguplatedoesharmtoourbody.3） It'sharmfultodosth.:做某事是有害的It'sharmfultoreadinthesun.onceaweek:一周一次 twiceayear:—年兩次這些表示頻率的短語(yǔ)，對(duì)其提問(wèn)用howoften.---Howoftendoyougoswimming?提問(wèn)一段時(shí)間用howlong.---HowlonghaveyoubeeninGuilin?---Forthreeyears.Unit2Ifeelwell.我感覺身體好。well=fineactive:adj.積極的、活躍的Tonywasveryactiveatthepartylastnight.takeanactivepartin:積極參加TonyalwaystakesanactivepartintheEnglishclub.by:介詞，通過(guò) bydoingsth.:通過(guò)某各方式MysisterlearnsEnglishbylisteningtoEnglishsongs.Mr.Greenboughtthecarlastyear.（改為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子）Mr.Greenhashadthecarforayear.feel/keephealthy=feel/keepfit感到/保持健康takepartin=joinin參加活動(dòng)joininthediscussion/thesportsmeetingjoin:加入黨派、團(tuán)體、組織，成為其中一員jointhearmy/thePartyjoinsb.insth./doingsth.:Willyoujoinusinplayingbasketball?beinexcellentcondition:健康狀況很好beintrouble:處于困境Heisintroubleandneedsourhelp.for/inthelastfewweeks/months/years:在過(guò)去的幾周/月/年里，常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。IhavelearntlotsofEnglishwordsinthelastfewweeks.sleepyadj.欲睡的、想睡的Ioftenfeelsleepyinclass.asleepadj.睡著的、睡熟的 fallasleep:入睡、睡著Ifeltsleepyandfellasleepsoon.daily=everydayadj.日常的、天天的indailylife:在日常生活中weak:虛弱的、弱的Tomisalittleweak.beweakin:在……方面差I(lǐng)amweakinmathsbutgoodatChinese.feelawful:感到不舒服Theweatherisawful/terribletoday?極壞的、壞透了allover:渾身、到處I'mblackandwhiteallover.我渾身青一塊紫一塊。allover指“遍布"與around同義：allovertheworld=allaroundtheworldtoo+adj.todosth?：太 而不能做某事，可以與not???enoughtodosth及So???that的否定結(jié)構(gòu)互換。Hisbrotheristooyoungtojointhearmy.=Hisbrotherisnotoldenoughtojointhearmy.=Hisbrotherissoyoungthathecan'tjointhearmy.語(yǔ)法：短暫性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。buyfhave/owngobuyfhave/owngofbeawayleavefbeawayopenfbeopenborrowfkeepdiefbedeadbegin/startfbeonjoinfbein/beamemberofmarryfbemarriedgotherefbetherereturnfbebackcomeherefbeherecatchacoldhaveacoldgettoknowfknowputonfwear/beoncatchacoldhaveacoldIhavekeptthatbookfortwomonths.Howlonghaveyouhadthecamera?話題寫作：假如你是Tom，你在美國(guó)的朋友Tony生病了，請(qǐng)你寫一封電子郵件，并告訴他做如下事情：seeadoctor;eathealthyfood;havemorefruitandvegetables;getenoughsleep;stayhappy.DearTony，I'msorrytohearyouareill.Youhaveafeverandhadaheadache.Youshouldseeadoctorfirst.Thenyoudrinkmorewater,eathealthyfood,andhavemorefruitandvegetables.Youshouldgetenoughsleepandstayhappy.Youshouldn'tstudywhenyouaretootired.It'snotgoodforyourhealth.Ihopeyou'llbebettersoon.Bestwishes!Yours,TomModule5CartoonstoriesUnit12?穿過(guò)：Youmustbecarefulwhenyouwalkacrosstheroad?Theriverrunsthroughthecity?Themoonlightgoesthroughthewindowandmakestheroombright?3?fight:1)fightsb?:打某人Don'tfighttheotherstudents?fightwith/againstsb?：與 打架、同 并肩作戰(zhàn)TomisfightingwithTonyintheclassroom?fightfor:為 而戰(zhàn)(和平、自由、國(guó)家)Theyfightforpeace/freedom/theircountry?haveafightwithsb?=fightwithsb?與某人打架4?climbup:往上爬、爬上Theyneedtoclimbupthetreeswithladders?5?someone:某人、有人，多用于肯定句中，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。否定或疑問(wèn)句中用anyone?Inthedarksomeonewasfollowingher.Ican'tfindanyonetohelpme.1)keepdoingsth.:一直做某事Thelittlebabykeepscryingallnight.keepsb./sth.+adj.:使……處于某種狀態(tài)Keepyourhandsclean. Keepyoureyesclosed.keepsb.doingsth.:使某人一直做某事I'msorrytokeepyouwaitingfor2hours.keep+adj.:保持keephealthy/clean否定轉(zhuǎn)移：從句中的否定習(xí)慣上轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上，類似的詞有believe,guess,think等。Idon'tthinkhewillcome. Idon'tbelieveheisright.can'thelpdoingsth.=can'tstopdoingsth:情不自禁做某事Hecouldn'thelpcryingwhenheheardthetectsb./sth.from/againststh.:保護(hù)某人/某物免受……的傷害。Wearingdarkglassescanprotectyoureyesfromthesun.Parentstrytoprotecttheirchildrenfromdanger.lesson:課、教訓(xùn) teachsb.alesson:給某人一個(gè)教訓(xùn)It'salessontousall.這對(duì)我們大家來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)教訓(xùn)。Unit2wintheheartofsb.:贏得某人的喜歡BeijingOperawinstheheartsoftheoldpeople.Shewontheheartofeveryoneinthetheatre.everywhere=hereandthere到處、處處Herbooksareeverywhere.anywhere:任何地方Y(jié)oucangoanywhereinterestingifyoulike.1)leadsb.todosth.:帶領(lǐng)某人做某事Heleadshisteamtofightagainsttheenemy.2)leadto:通向、導(dǎo)致AllroadsleadtoRome.條條道路通羅馬。Idon'tthinkitwillleadtoagoodresult.beinamess:混亂makeamess:弄亂、搞糟Whatamess!多么混亂??！except:1)expecttodosth.:期望做某事Iexpecttopasstheexam.expectsb.todosth?:期望某人做某事Everyoneexpectedustowinthematchbutwelost.expectsth.:Heisexpectingherletter.experience:經(jīng)歷(可數(shù)名詞)PleasetellusyourexperiencesinAmerica.經(jīng)驗(yàn)(不可數(shù)名詞)Heisamanofrich/muchexperience.Hehasrichexperienceinthiskindifwork.copy:1)n.一本、一冊(cè)(可數(shù)名詞)Heisreadingacopyofthedailynewspaper.2)v.復(fù)制、抄襲 Don'tcopyTom'shomework.Wouldyoucopythisletterforme,please?表示某人多大歲生日時(shí)，用序數(shù)詞；表示年齡時(shí)用基數(shù)詞。TodayisLingling'stenth/10thbirthday. Linglingistenyearsold.own:1)adj.自己的one'sown:某人自己的 Thisismyownbike?2)v.擁有Heownsthreehouses.privateadj.私人的，個(gè)人的privatecar:私家車privatehouse/letterPersonaladj.個(gè)人的(個(gè)人的感情、情緒、情感)personalfeeling:個(gè)人感覺1)satisfy:v?使?jié)M意、滿足Wealwayssatisfyourcustomerswithgoodservice.顧客2)besatisfiedwithsth?：對(duì) 感到滿意Sheissatisfiedwithherson'sanswer.12.1）AaswellasB:不僅 而且，既 又,還，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是前者，翻譯時(shí)先譯后者,再譯前者；謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與aswellas前的主語(yǔ)保持一致（就遠(yuǎn)原則）。Tom'sparentsaswellasTomlikeswimming.HespeaksEnglishaswellasChinese.他不僅會(huì)說(shuō)漢語(yǔ)還會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。2）notonly*^butalso…：不僅 而且 ，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是后者（就近原則）Notonlyyoubutalsoyourbrotherisverykindtome.Shenotonlyplayswell,butalsowritesmusic.她不僅演奏得好，還會(huì)作曲。話題寫作：守株待兔aPassiveAttitudeModule6 HobbiesUnit1alittle+不可數(shù)名詞：有點(diǎn)兒、少量的 Thereisonlyalittlemeatinthefridge.abitof+不可數(shù)名詞：有點(diǎn)兒、少量的 Ineedabitofwater.havealook:看一看，后跟賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，要加介詞at.havealookat=lookatHavealookatthepicture.=Lookatthepicture.mostof+代詞賓格或mostof+限定詞+名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由most后面的代詞或名詞決定。Mostofmystorybooksareveryinteresting.MostofuslikeEnglish. Mostofhermoneywasstolen?她的大部分錢被偷了。must:表示肯定的推測(cè)，“一定、肯定”表示否定的推測(cè)時(shí)用can't,“不可能”Therestaurantmustbeverygood.It'salwaysfullofpeople.Thatgirlcan'tbeLily.Lilyismuchtaller.as+形容詞/副詞的原級(jí)+as:和……一樣HisEnglishisasgoodasmine.Hedrivesaswellashisfather.用：1）with:用具體有形的東西（工具）Iwritealetterwithapen.2） in:用語(yǔ)言、聲音、原材料 Canyouspeakinaloudvoice?3） by:用/通過(guò) 用段或方式 Thegirlmademoneybysellingflowers.形容詞修飾不定代詞時(shí)后置：Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou?Unit21）some others :一些 另一些 SomestudentslikewatchingTVandotherslikegoingonline.2）one theother :一個(gè) ，另一個(gè) （范圍是兩者）Thereareonlytwostudentsintheclassroom?Oneisreadingandtheotherisdrawing.Ihavetwopens.Oneisredandtheotherisblack.makesb.dosth.:使某人做某事一感、二聽、三讓、四看Wemadethelittlegirllaughatlast.develop:v.培養(yǎng)、提高、發(fā)展、形成、長(zhǎng)大Thislessonwillhelpyoudevelopyourwritingskills.這節(jié)課有助于提高你的寫作能力Weshoulddevelopgoodlivinghabits.我們應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成好的生活習(xí)慣。during=in:在……期間、在……時(shí)間內(nèi)5.aswellas:除了 外（還有），可用besides代替。IhaveafewEnglishbooksaswellas/besidesthis.IstudyJapaneseaswellasEnglish.除了英語(yǔ)外，我還學(xué)日語(yǔ)。encouragesb.todosth.:鼓勵(lì)某人做某事Meout:出版、發(fā)行、(花兒)開放、出來(lái)Whenwillhisnewbookcomeout?Springcomesandtheflowersstarttocomeout.Theresultwillcomeoutthreedayslater.asaresult=so結(jié)果、因此、Shedidn'tstudyhardandasaresult,shedidn'tpasstheexam.Tomstudiedhard.Asaresult,hepassedtheexam.1)Pleasure:愉悅、愉快It'smypleasure.=Mypleasure.不客氣(回答感謝)。2)withpleasure.十分愿意(回答請(qǐng)求)---Willyoupleaseopenthewindow?---Withpleasure.successn.成就、成功Failureisthemothersuccess.失敗乃成功之母。successfuladj.成功的successfullyadv.成功地succeedv.成功Hefinishedtheworksuccessfully. Heisasuccessfulwriter.Don'tgiveup.Youknowhardworkleadstosuccess.Hesucceededinfinishingtheworkatlast?他終于成功完成了那項(xiàng)工作。ZhangLin話題寫作：MyHobbiesIhavemanyhobbies,suchassports,singing,playingtheviolinandkeepingadiary.Atschool,IoftenhearthePEteachersaysportsaregoodforourhealthandwillmakeuslivelonger.SoIlikesportsverymuch.Igorunningatfiveo'clockintheafternoon.Iplaytabletenniswithmyfriends.Thesesportshavekeptmehealthy.Athome,Ilikesingingandplayingtheviolin.IhopeIwillbeasingerandviolinistwhenIgrowup.Inordertoreachthesegoals,Igototheteacher'shomeforalessoneverySaturdayandpracticesinging.Ofallmyhobbies,Ilikereadingbooksbest.Inmybedroomtherearelotsofbooks.WhenIgrowup,IwillservethepeoplewiththeknowledgeIhavelearnt.Module7SummerinLosAngelesUnit11)prepareforsth.=be/getreadyforsth.為某事做準(zhǔn)備Theyarepreparingforatest.=Theyaregettingreadyforatest.2)preparetodosth.=be/getreadytodosth.準(zhǔn)備做某事Mymotherispreparingtocooklunch.makealist:列清單 Let'smakeashoppinglist?1)crazyadj.發(fā)瘋的、荒唐的Youarecrazytobuythewatchatsuchahighprice.becrazyabout:對(duì)……著迷TheboysarecrazyaboutJayChou.drivesb.crazy:使某人發(fā)瘋、瘋狂迷戀Thingsalmostdrivemecrazy.這些東西差點(diǎn)把我弄瘋。whattotake=whatIshouldtake疑問(wèn)詞+不定式作賓語(yǔ)=賓語(yǔ)從句Thesedressedareverybeautiful.Ican'tdecidewhichonetobuy.5.attheendof:在……末端/盡頭/后期/結(jié)束（時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)）Thereisaparkattheendofthestreet.MybirthdayisattheendofJune.英語(yǔ)中成雙成對(duì)的名詞：shorts,trousers,glasses,/socks,shoes.其作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；由pair修飾作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)由pair決定。Mysunglassesareinthebag. Twopairsofshoesareenough?Howmuchisthispairofsunglasses?light:輕的…h(huán)eavy:重的light:淺色的-…dark:深色的Lightmusiccanmakepeoplerelaxed?輕音樂能使人放松。Thissweaterislightblue.這件毛衣是淺藍(lán)色的。表示時(shí)間、金錢、價(jià)格、長(zhǎng)度、學(xué)科的名詞以s結(jié)尾等詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，被視為一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Mathsismyfavouritesubject.Tenkilometersisveryfar.9.else:作后置定語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)詞/不定代詞+elseother:作前置定語(yǔ)other+名詞復(fù)數(shù)Whatelsecanyousee?Theotherstudentsareplayingbasketballnow?1)weigh:v.重、稱 的重量Heweighs50kilos.Pleaseweighthebananas.2)n.weight重量putonweight:長(zhǎng)胖loseweight:減肥totaladj.總的、全部的，只用作定語(yǔ)。近義詞為wholeThetotalscoreisonehundred.Intotal:總共、總計(jì)1)bytheway:順便說(shuō)/問(wèn)一下，為插入語(yǔ)，用以引出題外的話語(yǔ)。onone'swayto:在某人去……的路上 I'heway:擋道 Don'tstandintheway.不要擋路。writetosb.=writealettertosb.給某人寫信Iwillwritetoyousoon.=Iwillwritealettertoyousoon.BuymesomeflowersforyourmotheronMother'sDay.----Yes,Iwill. 祈使句表示的動(dòng)作是尚末發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)答上句的祈使句，答語(yǔ)用助動(dòng)詞will表示將來(lái)。Unit21)offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.向某人提供某物Heofferedmeacupoftea.=Heofferedacupofteatome.2)offertodosth.:主動(dòng)提出做某事TomofferedtohelpmewithmyEnglish.last:v.持續(xù)last(for)+一段時(shí)間，for可省略Thefilmlasted(for)threehours.dependon:依靠、依賴、取決于Oursuccessdependsonhardwork.我們的成功取決于艱苦的工作。Youcan'talwaysdependonyourparents.WhetherI'llgotoShanghaidependsontheresultofthevidesb.withsth.=providesth.forsb.提供給某人某物/為某人提供某物Theschoolhasprovidedstudentswithfreebooks.=Theschoolhasprovidedfreebooksforstudents?progress:進(jìn)步(不可數(shù)名詞)，其前可用much,great,some,good等詞修飾。makemuch/greatprogressinsth.:在某方面取得很大的進(jìn)步IhavemadegreatprogressinEnglish.experiencev.經(jīng)歷、體驗(yàn)experiencelifein:在……體驗(yàn)生活I(lǐng)wanttoexperiencelifeinthecountryside.form/makeafriendship/friendshipswithsb.:與某人建立友誼Theteachermakesclosefriendshipswithhisstudents.stayintouchwithsb.=keepintouchwithsb：與某人保持聯(lián)系We'llstayintouchwitheachotheraftergraduation. 畢業(yè)if：if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，如果主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)、祈使句、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，即“主將從現(xiàn)”。Iwillvisitmyfriendifitdoesn'traintomorrow.Don'tgetoffthebusifitdoesn'tstop.Youcanhaveanotherappleifyouareveryhungry.prefer=like…betterpreferAtoB:比起B(yǎng)來(lái)更喜歡AIpreferEnglishtoChinese.prefertodosth.:寧愿做某事Iprefertostayathometoday.preferdoingsth.todoingsth.:喜歡做某事勝過(guò)某事Ipreferswimmingtoplayingbasketball.我喜歡游泳勝過(guò)打籃球。atleast:至少 atmost:至多Thehallcanholdatleast2,000people.這個(gè)大廳至少能容納兩千人。Youshouldatleastbepolite? 你至少應(yīng)該有禮貌。1)fillin/outaform:填表fill…with…:用……把……裝滿(表動(dòng)作)Hefilledthebagswithbooks.befilledwith=befullof:充滿、裝滿(表狀態(tài))Theglassisfilledwithwater.=Theglassisfullofwater.話題寫作：假設(shè)你是張林，你的美國(guó)筆友Bob來(lái)信詢問(wèn)你的暑假計(jì)劃，現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你寫一封回信，告訴他你將在爺爺奶奶家度過(guò)這個(gè)假期。注意：1.至少寫出你將要做的三件事；回信不少于80詞，信的開頭、結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。DearBob,Bestwishestoyou.Yours,Module8TimeoffUnit11.1)v?歡迎welcometosp?：WelcometoBeijing. Welcomehere?2)n.歡迎giveawarmwelcome:熱烈歡迎某人Theygaveusawarmwelcome.

3)adj.受歡迎的、不必感謝的Heisawelcometeacher.---Thankyou.You'rewelcome.不用謝。2.1)so???that…：如此 以致 ，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句?？膳ctoo???to…和形/副詞+enoughto相互轉(zhuǎn)化。Hewassoangrythathecouldn'tsayaword.Heransoquicklythatwecouldn'tcatchupwithhim.趕上2)sothat:以便、為了、目的是，引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句?？膳cinorderthat/into+v.相互轉(zhuǎn)化。Heworkshardsothathecanmakealotofmoney.他努力工作為了掙許多錢。=Heworkshardinordertomakealotofmoney.hearsb.dosth.聽到某了做了某事 Ioftenhearherplaythepiano.hearsb.doingsth.:聽到某人正在做某事Iheardthemsingingintheroomjustnow.4.1)hardly=almostnot幾乎不，位于be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后，行為動(dòng)詞前。Icanhardlyfinishthework.2)hardadv.Icanhardlyfinishthework.2)hardadv.努力地hardadj.艱艱苦的、硬的Heworkshardeveryday.Helivesahardlife.Yantaiisfamousforitsapples.Heisfamousasanactor.befamousfor:因……而聞名befamousas:以Yantaiisfamousforitsapples.Heisfamousasanactor.6.takeup:占據(jù)(時(shí)間/空間)Thebigboxtakesuptoomuchroom. 這個(gè)大盒子占了太多的空間。pointout:指出 Pleasepointoutthemistakes.pointto:指著(遠(yuǎn)距離)Hepointedtothehill.pointat:指著(近距離)Don'tpointatpeoplewithafinger.sightn.名勝、風(fēng)景(人文景觀或歷史遺址為主的景觀)seethesights:游覽名勝DoyouknowthesightsofBeijing?9.1)allowsb.todosth?:允許某人做某事MyparentsallowmetowatchTVatweekends.allowdoingsth?:允許做某事Ourteachersallowplayinghere?sb.beallowedtodosth?:某人被允許做某事Studentsarenotallowedtosmokeatschool.學(xué)生不允許在學(xué)校吸煙。1)wastev.浪費(fèi)Weshouldn'twastewater.3)n.廢物、垃圾 Don'tthrowawaywasteeverywhere.Unit21)promisetodosth.:許諾/答應(yīng)做某事Myfatherpromisedtobuyabikeformisesb.sth.:許諾某人某物Mymotherpromisedmeanewmisethat從句：答應(yīng)、保證Myparentspromisedthattheywouldbuymeacomputer.makeapromise:許下諾言 keepapromise:遵守諾言 breakapromise:不守信whileconj.而、然而，表示對(duì)比Ilikemusicwhilehelikessports.Heistallwhilehisbrotherisshort.wakesb.up:把某人叫醒 Mum,wakemeupatseveno'clock.moveabout:四處走動(dòng)、到處旅行 moveaway:離開、搬開movein:遷入Sitdown,Tom.Don'tmoveabout. moveon:繼續(xù)向前移動(dòng)現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，所表示的動(dòng)作與前面的邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是“主動(dòng)”關(guān)系；過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，所表示的動(dòng)作與前面的邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是“被動(dòng)”關(guān)系。Doyouknowtheboystandingunderthetree? (主動(dòng))IlikethebookswrittenbyLuXun? (被動(dòng))above:在……之上、在……斜上方，既不接觸又不垂直，僅是高于某物。over:在 之上，蓋在 上面，一般指垂直，且不接觸。Thereisabridgeovertheriver.Theplaneisflyingabovetheclouds.pull:拉…push:推 Pullthedooropen.把門拉開。Pulldown:拉倒、拆毀I'm/wassorry…：當(dāng)聽說(shuō)別人糟遇不幸時(shí)，用此句表示對(duì)別人同情。Iwassorrytohearthathehadabadcoldlastweek.Iwishyouwerehere!虛擬語(yǔ)氣Wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，be動(dòng)詞都用were.IwishIwereasstrongasyou. IwishIwerewithyounow.語(yǔ)法：常接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是：believe,expect,promise,think,tell,hope,wish,remember,forget等。Ihope(that)everyonewillhaveahappyfamily.主句的謂語(yǔ)是由“be+形容詞(afraid/glad/sure/sorry)”等構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),后面常接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。I'msure(that)she'llwritetomesoon.I'msorry(that)heisn'thererightnow.賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)：如果主句是現(xiàn)在的某種時(shí)態(tài)(包括一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)等)，那么賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。Irememberthathegavemeabookyesterday.HehastoldmethathewillvisitGuilintomorrow.如果主句是過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)(包括一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí))，那么賓語(yǔ)從句一定要用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)(包括一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)等)。Hetoldmethathewouldtakepartinthehighjump.如果賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是客觀事實(shí)或真理，不管主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Hetoldmetha