話題復(fù)習(xí)八、環(huán)境與自然

環(huán)境與自然【話題簡介】隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展， 社會(huì)和諧已提上日程，環(huán)境與自然成為人們關(guān)注的話題之一。這個(gè)話題的內(nèi)容非常廣泛，這個(gè)話題主要涉及到了“曾經(jīng)、不曾去過的某地”；“難忘的事件”；“出乎意料的事件”三個(gè)子話題的復(fù)習(xí)，通過對(duì)這個(gè)話題的復(fù)習(xí)，將七年級(jí)到九年級(jí)學(xué)過的內(nèi)容用一條主線穿起來，使這個(gè)話題更生動(dòng)、更立體、更完整?！驹掝}框架】Livingenvironment Animalsandplants動(dòng)物和植物居住環(huán)境Countriesandnationalities Mountainsandrivers山川與河流國家與民族Askandgivedirections問路指路Environmentalprotection環(huán)境保護(hù)涉及的單元

TheenvironmentSeasonsandthenature 季節(jié)環(huán)境與自然Universe宇宙Manandnature人與自然七年級(jí)上冊(cè)：Unit4.Where'smyschoolbag?七年級(jí)下冊(cè):Unit5Whydoyoulikepandas?Unit8.Isthereapostofficenearhere?八年級(jí)上冊(cè)： Unit4:What'sthebestmovietheater?八年級(jí)下冊(cè):Unit7.What'sthehighestmountainintheworld?Unit9.Haveyoueverbeentoamuseum?九年級(jí)全一冊(cè):Unit3.Couldyoupleasetellmewheretherestroomsare?Unit13.We ’retryingtosavetheearth!【話題詞匯】地點(diǎn)方位在哪里在...上在...下在...前在...后在...對(duì)面在..附近緊挨著...在...和...之間在...旁邊通過角落沿著...轉(zhuǎn)彎十字路口東方的南方的西方的北方的在...周圍西南方的東北方的東南方的西北方的街區(qū)在...左邊在..右邊沿著...直走向左轉(zhuǎn)向右轉(zhuǎn)在第二個(gè)拐彎處 祖父母的房間 Lily 和Lucy分別的房間 Lily 和Lucy共有的房間在附近地區(qū) 在大橋街上 到達(dá) 在去... 的路上 路過居住環(huán)境臥室 浴室 廚房 電視機(jī) 窗戶警察局郵電局醫(yī)院銀行公園飯店旅館街道投幣式xx博物館百貨公司雜貨店地址飛機(jī)場車站電影院工廠農(nóng)場田地花園醫(yī)院圖書館辦公室電影院鄰居池塘商店超市家鄉(xiāng)廁所某個(gè)地方任何地方干凈的骯臟的安靜的吵鬧的繁忙的橋娛樂公園玩的開心散步乘出租車開車歡迎到...來帶有花園的房子最好的電影院最舒適的座位靠近家做某事最好的地方最差的商店最便宜的飯店想，認(rèn)為起重要作用最擁擠的地方國家與民族非洲非洲人的亞洲亞洲人歐洲歐洲人美國美國人的澳大利亞澳大利亞人英國英國人加拿大加拿大人中國中國人法國法國的印度印度人日本日本人俄羅斯俄羅斯人首都國家鄉(xiāng)村東方人西方人講英語的國家南非其中之一來自與...一樣大最古老的國家之一最多的人口和...交流多于少于動(dòng)物與山川熊貓動(dòng)物園老虎大象鯊魚獅子動(dòng)物危險(xiǎn)殺害樹木拯救深的保護(hù)政府水污染疾病自然野生的友好的聰明的害羞的嚇人的懶惰的好玩的河流湖泊有幾分無聊的真的有趣處于危險(xiǎn)中丟失由...制成的大量的爬山人與自然季節(jié)春季夏季秋季冬季人口溫度四分之一地震環(huán)境木制的循環(huán)垃圾底部有害的殘忍的漁民鏈條交通方式塑料保護(hù)提供方法污染吸煙溫度起作用丑陋的工業(yè)鋼鐵對(duì)...有害扔掉清掃關(guān)掉砍倒建立在...底部同時(shí)攀登跑開充分利用代替聽說到目前為止在...頂端停止做某事處于危險(xiǎn)之中采取行動(dòng)對(duì)...有好處實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的夢想四分之三一年到頭死于疾病最危險(xiǎn)的地方【話題的基本句型】1.Where______(be)yourruler?It's______________________.(在椅子下面)2.Where______(be)mybooks?They're__________________.(在沙發(fā)上)3.---Istherea______________(飯店)nearhere?---Yes,thereis.Just_______________(沿著...走)thestreetand_____________(向左轉(zhuǎn))whenyouseethelibrary.It's___________(在右邊).4.---_______youeverbeentoasciencemuseum？---No,I_________________(從未去過)asciencemuseum.5.Excuseme,Couldyoutellme_____________(怎樣到達(dá))thepostoffice？6.--__________doyoulikepandas?--Becausethey’rekindofinteresting.7.--______________________heliketigers?--Becausethey’rereallyscary.--______________arelionsfrom?--TheyarefromSouthAfrica.--_______thehighestmountainintheworld?--Qomolangma.--___________________isQomolangma?--It ’s8,844,43metershigh.It ’s____________thananyothermountain.TheAmazonis_______________________________________(第二長的河流)intheworld.12.TheYangtzeRiverisalmost__________________________________( 與?一樣長)theAmazonRiver.13.Chinahas______________________________(最大的人口數(shù)量 )intheworld.

It

’salotbiggerthanthe_____________oftheUS.【語法整合】現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。賓語從句。介詞用法。形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測。【強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練】詞匯根據(jù)短文意思和首字母提示完成短文。Recentyears,theenvironmentalproblemsbeeworseandworse.Whatcausedtheproblems?First,peoplegotoworkortravelincarswhichmakesalotofn____________.Second,peoplelittereverywherewhichmakescitiesd_____________.Third,peoplecutdowntreestomakep____________,sotherearenomorethickf____________.Toprotectourenvironment,inmyopinion,peopleshouldputther______________togooduse.Forexample,peoplecandecoratetheirroomswitholdglassb_____________.Besides,we’dbetterridebikesinsteadofd__________.Allinall,weshoulddowhatwecandotoprotecttheenvironment.根據(jù)情景提示，用恰當(dāng)?shù)木渥犹羁眨?.你不知道去火車站的路，怎么問： _______________________________________________有人問你去郵局的路怎么走，你告訴他左走，在第二個(gè)路口右拐:______________________________________________________________________________有人問你過北京，你回答說2次，怎樣表達(dá):______________________________________你班上來了一位新同學(xué)，你想知道他是否去過上海，你這樣問:______________________________________________________________________________有人告訴你，他要去三亞旅行，你想祝福他旅行愉快，怎樣表達(dá):______________________________________________________________________________.話題閱讀【閱讀指導(dǎo)】：“環(huán)境與自然”是學(xué)生很熟悉也很關(guān)注的話題，然而，越是熟悉的東西越是難點(diǎn)。有些內(nèi)容似乎合乎邏輯，但有時(shí)又違背常理。世界與環(huán)境相互依存，但是近年來人們?yōu)榱俗陨淼陌l(fā)展，破壞了環(huán)境，環(huán)境問題日益突出。中考閱讀理解對(duì)本話題考查是通過閱讀小短文理解大意，從短文中歸納、分析出環(huán)境與世界的關(guān)系，以及了解環(huán)境對(duì)世界的重要性和作用。是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的環(huán)境意識(shí)，提高學(xué)生對(duì)環(huán)境問題的認(rèn)識(shí)。

目的解題思路：解題時(shí)要通讀全文，領(lǐng)略文章大意。在理解的基礎(chǔ)上，抓住題眼，找準(zhǔn)解題方法，進(jìn)行答題。近幾年中考閱讀理解關(guān)于此話題充分體現(xiàn)其時(shí)代性、 實(shí)用性。短文難度逐年加大。常見題型有主旨題、細(xì)節(jié)題、推斷題、猜測詞義題和判斷正誤題。做閱讀理解練習(xí)應(yīng)先看問題，弄清考點(diǎn)。在閱讀短文之前，快速瀏覽問題，以便在閱讀短文時(shí)做到心中有數(shù)，快速、準(zhǔn)確地捕捉所需信息。 其次要注意先易后難。 做題時(shí)不必拘泥于書中所呈現(xiàn)的語篇順序，應(yīng)遵循先易后難的原則。 如可先做細(xì)節(jié)題再做推斷題， 因?yàn)榧?xì)節(jié)題大多能直接從文中找到答案，而推斷題則需對(duì)短文進(jìn)行深層理解，再作判斷。( 一)主旨概括題主旨題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)短文中心思想或作者意圖的掌握。 做此類題時(shí)，應(yīng)通讀全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主題句的意義。短文往往圍繞主題句展開，主題句通常出現(xiàn)在短文第一句或最后一句。（閱讀理解A篇第5題和C篇第5題）(二)細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)題是用來進(jìn)一步表達(dá)主題，體現(xiàn)中心思想的，往往針對(duì)短文某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)來設(shè)題。做此類題時(shí)，應(yīng)快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、數(shù)字等，閱讀時(shí)要有針對(duì)性。三篇閱讀理解均有涉及。AWhatdoesitmeantobegreen?"Green"ismorethanjustacolor.Italsomeanstakingspecialstepstoprotecttheenvironment—thewater,theland,andtheairwebreathe.Whygreen?Plantsaregreen,andwithoutthemtheearthwouldn'tbesuchalovelyhomeforushumanbeings.Sometimespeoplecalloursa"throwawaysociety".Thatmeanswearealwaysthrowingawayoldthingsandbuyingnewones.Manytimes,ifyounolongerneedsomething,someoneelsejustmightneedit.Forexample,ifyourbrotherisoldenoughnottoplaywithhisplasticbike,whynotgiveittoanotherfamilywhohasalittlekidsothattheydon'tneedtobuyone?Andonelesslargeplastictoydoesn'tneedtobeproduced.Recycling(回收利用)hasneverbeeneasier.Manyorganizationwillpickituprightinfrontofyourhouseandsometownsevenrequire(要求)it.TellyourmomordadyouwanttobeeChief,Makesureyouencourageeveryoneinyourhousetothinkwhetherthingscanbereusedorrecycledbeforethey'rethrownaway.Almosteveryonelikestraveling.Butnexttimebeforeyoutravelaroundtheworld,takealookatyourownbackyard.Isthereaplacewhereyoucouldplantatreeorputinalittlefruitorvegetablegarden?Ifso,getthereandgetyourhandsdirty.Thenyoucanwatchwithprideasyourtreetakesroot,andyourgardenplantsgrowintobigplantsfullofripe,redtomatoesoftiny,juicyblueberries.Whoknewbeinggreenwouldtastesogood?()1.Inthefirstparagraph,thewriterintroducesthetopicofthepassageby__________.A.tellinganinterestingstoryB.explainingtheword"green"C.givingsomespecialexamples()2.Ina"throwaway"society,_________.A.peopleshouldn'tproduceanyplasticthingsB.peoplecangetanythingtheywantfromothersC.peoplealwaysthrowawaytheusedthingsandbuynewones()3.Tobe"ChiefofRecycling",youshould________.A.recyclethingsallbyyourselfB.askyourfamilytousetheoldthingsallthetimeC.findaplacetokeepthethingsthatcanberecycled()4.Youareadvisedtorunafruitorvegetablegardeninorderto__________.A.createagreenenvironmentB.makealotofmoneyC.getyourhandsdirty()5.Thepurposeofthepassageistotellusthat__________.A.wemustenjoythenatureB.wehadbettereatmoregreenfoodC.weshouldprotectourenvironmentBOurfactoriesandhomesburncoalandoil.Everyyearwehaveforestfiressomewhere.Manyscientistsbelievethattheclimate（氣候）ischanging.Theearthwillperhapsbewarmerbyabout7degreescentigradeattheSouthPole（南極）andtheNorthPole.Theicewillmelt.Thesealevelrisebyabout7meters.Asaresult,waterwillcovercitieslikeLondon,TokyoandNewYork.Someportsandtownsalongthecoastswilldisappearunderwater.Someotherscientiststhinkthatthedust,smokeandpollutionfromcoal,woodandoilfireswillblockoutthesunrays.ThentheearthwillbeecolderandgreatsheetsoficewillcoverEuropeandNorthAmerica.Whenchemical（化學(xué)物品）intheairmixwithrain.Wehaveacidrain.Acidraincanbringusgreatharm.Itdestroys（破壞）forestsandkillslifeinlakesandrivers.Peoplearebeginningtoseehowserioustheproblemis.Theyfinditimportanttoworkwithnatureinsteadofagainstit.Theyaretryingtosavetheearthinmanydifferentways.Butoneofthemostimportantthingstodoistomakepeopleunderstandthatsavingtheearthissavingourselves.()1.Somescientistsbelievethat_________.A.theearthisgrowingwarmerB.wehavetoburndowntheforestseveryyearC.wecanfindoilinourforests()2.Iceatthepolewill_________iftheearthgetswarmer.A.beewaterandmaketheseariseB.covercitieslikeLondonandTokyoC.raisethesealevelby7degrees()3.Acidrain______.A.bringsgreatchangesinourclimateB.willcoverEuropeandNorthAmericaC.killsthefishinriversandlake()4.Whatcanwelearnfromthethirdparagraph?_________A.Thedusttogetherwithpollutionfromcoal,woodandoilfireswillbringusmoreheatfromthesunB.Asaresultofthedustandpollutionfromcoal,woodandoilfires,theearthwillbeecolderC.Accordingtothescientists,thechangeinclimatehardlyhasanythingtodowiththepollution.()5.WhichstatementisTRUE?_______A.Thesealevelwillriseiftheearthgetscolder.B.Peoplehaveetoknowtheimportanceofworkingwithnature.C.Allthescientistsagreethatourearthissuretobeewarmerandwarmer.CPollutionmeansaddingdirtyorharmful(有害的)thingstoland,air,waterandsoon.Asaresult,theyarenolongerpleasantorsafetouse.Pollutionisbadforanimalsandplants,anditevenmakespeople’shealthindanger.Inourdailylife,wecanseedifferentkindsofpollutioninmanyplaces.Therearethreemainformsofpollution:landpollution,airpollutionandwaterpollution.Land pollution is caused by solid waste, such as cans, bottles andsome plastic thingswhicharen ’tbrokendownquickly.Itmakestheenvironmentlook very bad.However,air pollution is moreserious than land pollution. It ismuchworseincities andtownsbecauseofthefumes(廢氣)fromtraffic andthewastefromhumanactivities.Whenpeopledrivetheircars,fumeswhichare most madeupofCO2,NO2andSO2aregivenoff.Afterthegasesgetintotheair,theymaymixwithclouds.Thentheywillbeesomeharmfulchemicalsfallingonthegroundwith rain. It is oneofthereasons for soil erosion( 土壤侵蝕)whichisoneexampleofwaterpollution.Variouskindsofpollutionwillcausemanyhealthproblems.Peoplehaverealizedtheymustchangethisserioussituation.Therearemanywaystocontrolpollution. Todevelop alternative energy(替代能源)is verypopular inmanycountries.China,forexample,has madeupitsmind tobealeaderinthisfield.Itis tryinghardtomakefulluseofenergyfromthesunandwind.Ithaspaidplentyofmoneytomakeelectric carsandtrains instead oftraditional traffic. Weshould alsotakeactiontomakeourenvironmentcleanereveryday.Takeclothbagswhilegoingshoppinganddrivecarsless.Wehaveonlyoneearth.Wemusttakesmallstepsnowtohelpprotectourenvironmentforthefuturewhereverweare.( )1.Theunderlinedword “solid”inthepassagemeans “________”inChinese.體((

A. 氣 體C. 固體)2.Whenpeopleliveinapollutedarea,________.A.theywillcontroltheuseofalternativeenergyB.their health willbeindangerC.theywillgetstrongerandstronger)3. Picture ________tells ushowharmful chemicals pollute

B.液ourenvironment.(

(

)4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Thereare only threeformsofpollution.B.Chinadoesn ’twanttodevelopotherkindsofenergy.C.Waterpollutionincludessoilerosion.)5.Themainideaofthispassageshouldbe________.A. tointroduce thekinds of pollution andthewaysto controlB.tointroducetheharmfulchemicalsandsoilerosionC.tointroducethealternativeenergyandthewaystouseit

itIV話題寫作【寫作指導(dǎo)】：環(huán)境保護(hù)問題是當(dāng)今社會(huì)人們關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)，也成為中考英語的熱門話題，出現(xiàn)頻率高，難度較大，需要我們重點(diǎn)掌握。寫倡議書是很常見的書面表達(dá)考查形式。倡議書的主體部分包括倡議的原因與目的；倡議的內(nèi)容與具體措施；表達(dá)倡議者的決心與愿望等。語言要求有號(hào)召力?？煞秩竭M(jìn)行寫作。第一步；開篇點(diǎn)題，強(qiáng)調(diào)環(huán)保的重要性；第二步：展開表述：保護(hù)環(huán)境的一些具體措施；第三步：結(jié)尾綜述：倡議行動(dòng)起來，保護(hù)環(huán)境?！境Ｓ镁湫汀浚洪_頭句：1.It ’severyone ’sdutytoloveandprotecttheenvironment.Itisveryimportanttotakecareofourenvironment.中間句：Weshouldnotthrowlitterontotheground.Itisveryimportanttotakecareofourenvironment.Weshouldnotspitinapublicplace/cutdownthetrees.Wemustpickupsomerubbishandthrowitintoadustbin.Treesareveryhelpfulandimportantforus.Manyriversandlakesareseriouslypolluted.Somethingmustbedonetostopthepollution.7.Wearesupposedtoplantmoreandmoretreesinordertolivebetterandmorehealthilyinthefuture.結(jié)尾句：1.Everyoneshouldprotecttheenvironment.Andtheworldwillbeemuchmorebeautiful.2.Ifeveryonemakescontributiontoprotectingtheenvironment,theworldwillbeemuchmorebeautiful.【范文欣賞】：假如你是李華，準(zhǔn)備以“WhatCanWeDofortheEnvironment”為題，寫一篇保護(hù)環(huán)境的英語倡議書。內(nèi)容包含：1. 在購物時(shí)用布袋子替代塑料袋 ;2. 盡可能地再利用使用過的課本 ;離開教室應(yīng)關(guān)燈;最好走路或騎自行車上學(xué);簡述理由：保護(hù)環(huán)境，減少污染，節(jié)約能源等注意：詞數(shù)：80詞左右。文章中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和校名。參考詞匯：布袋子clothbag塑料袋plasticbag保護(hù)protect能源energy課本textbookWhatCanWeDofortheEnvironmentHello，everyone.I’mLiHua.It’snicetospeakaboutwhatwecandofortheenvironment，andIthinkeachofuscandoalittlebittohelpwiththisproblem.Thefirstthingwecandoistouseclothbagsinsteadofplasticbagswhenwegoshopping.Ithelpstoprotecttheenvironment.Thesecondthingwecandoistoreusetheoldtextbooksaspossibleaswecan.Weshouldalsoneverforgettoturnoffthelightswhenwe