考研英語二歷年真題-(匯編)

精品文檔2012年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語（二）SectionⅠUseofEnglishMillionsofAmericansandforeignersseeGI.Joeasamindlesswartoy,thesymbolofAmericanmilitaryadventurism,butthat’snothowitusedtobe.Tothemenandwomenwho1inWorldWarIIandthepeopletheyliberated,theGI.wasthe2mangrownintohero,thepoolfarmkidtornawayfromhishome,theguywho3alltheburdensofbattle,whosleptincoldfoxholes,whowentwithoutthe4offoodandshelter,whostuckitoutanddrovebacktheNazireignofmurder.thiswasnotavolunteersoldier,notsomeonewellpaid,5anaverageguy,up6thebesttrained,bestequipped,fiercest,mostbrutalenemiesseenincenturies.Hisnameisnotmuch.GI.isjustamilitaryabbreviation7GovernmentIssue,anditwasonallofthearticle8tosoldiers.AndJoe?Acommonnameforaguywhonever9ittothetop.JoeBlow,JoeMagracaworkingclassname.TheUnitedStateshas10hadapresidentorvicepresidentorsecretaryofstateJoe.GI.joehada11careerfightingGerman,Japanese,andKoreantroops.Heappersasacharacter,ora12ofamericanpersonalities,inthe1945movieTheStoryofGI.Joe,basedonthelastdaysofwarcorrespondentErniePyle.SomeofthesoldiersPyle13portraydethemselvesinthefilm.Pylewasfamousforcoveringthe14sideofthewarl,writingaboutthedirt-snow–and-mudsoldiers,nothowmanymileswere15orwhattownswerecapturedorliberated,Hisreports16the“willie”cartoonsoffamedStarsandStripesartistBillMaulden.Bothmen17thedirtandexhaustionofwar,the18ofcivilizationthatthesoldierssharedwitheachotherandthecivilians:coffee,tobacco,whiskey,shelter,sleep.19Egypt,France,andadozenmorecountries,G.I.JoewasanyAmericansoldier,20themostimportantpersonintheirlives.1.[A]performed[B]served[C]rebelled[D]betrayed2.[A]actual[B]common[C]special[D]normal3.[A]bore[B]cased[C]removed[D]loaded4.[A]necessities[B]facilitice[C]commodities[D]properties5.[A]and[B]nor[C]but[D]hence6.[A]for[B]into[C]form[D]against7.[A]meaning[B]implying[C]symbolizing[D]claiming8.[A]handedout[B]turnover[C]broughtback[D]passeddown9.[A]pushed[B]got[C]made[D]managed10.[A]ever[B]never[C]either[D]neither11.[A]disguised[B]disturbed[C]disputed[D]distinguished12.[A]company[B]collection[C]community[D]colony13.[A]employed[B]appointed[C]interviewed[D]questioned14.[A]ethical[B]military[C]political[D]human15.[A]ruined[B]commuted[C]patrolled[D]gained16.[A]paralleled[B]counteracted[C]duplicated[D]contradicted17.[A]neglected[B]avoided[C]emphasized[D]admired18.[A]stages[B]illusions[C]fragments[D]advance19.[A]With`[B]To[C]Among[D]Beyond20.[A]onthecontrary[B]bythismeans[C]fromtheoutset[D]atthatpointSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Homeworkhasneverbeenterriblypopularwithstudentsandevenmanyparents,butinrecentyearsithasbeenparticularlyscorned.Schooldistricts精品文檔精品文檔acrossthecountry,mostrecentlyLosAngelesUnified,arerevisingtheirthinkingonhiseducationalritual.Unfortunately, L.A.Unifiedhasproducedaninflexible policywhichmandatesthatwiththeexceptionofsomeadvancedcourses,homeworkmaynolongercountformorethan10%ofastudent’sacademicgrade.Thisruleismeanttoaddressthedifficultythatstudentsfromimpoverishedorchaotichomesmighthaveincompletingtheirhomework.Butthepolicyisunclearandcontradictory.Certainly,nohomeworkshouldbeassignedthatstudentscannotdowithoutexpensiveequipment.Butifthedistrictisessentiallygivingapasstostudentswhodonotdotheirhomeworkbecauseofcomplicatedfamilylives,itisgoingriskilyclosetotheimplicationthatstandardsneedtobeloweredforpoorchildren.Districtadministratorssaythathomeworkwillstillbeapatofschooling:teachersareallowedtoassignasmuchofitastheywant.Butwithhomeworkcountingfornomorethan10%oftheirgrades,studentscaneasilyskiphalftheirhomeworkandseeveylittledifferenceontheirreportcards.Somestudentsmightdowellonstatetestswithoutcompletingtheirhomework,butwhataboutthestudentswhoperformedwellonthetestsanddidtheirhomework?Itisquitepossiblethatthehomeworkhelped.Yetratherthanempoweringteacherstofindwhatworksbestfortheirstudents,thepolicyimposesaflat,across-the-boardrule.Atthesametime,thepolicyaddressesnoneofthetrulythornyquestionsabouthomework.Ifthedistrictfindshomeworktobeunimportanttoitsstudents ’academicachievement,itshouldmovetoreduceeliminateortheassignments,notmakethemcountforalmostnothing.Conversely,ifhomeworkdoesnothingtoensurethatthehomeworkstudentsarenotassigningmorethantheyarewillingtoreviewandcorrect.Thehomeworkrulesshouldbeputonholdwhiletheschoolboard,whichisresponsibleforsettingeducationalpolicy,looksintothematterandconductspublichearings.ItisnottoolateforL.A.Unifiedtodohomeworkright.21.Itisimpliedinparagraph1that nowadayshomework_____.[A].isreceivingmorecriticism [B].isnolongeraneducationalritual[C].isnotrequiredforadvancedcourses [D].isgainingmorepreferences22.L.A.Unifiedhasmadetheruleabouthomeworkmainlybecausepoorstudents_____.[A].tendtohavemoderateexpectationsfortheireducation [B].haveaskedforadifferenteducationalstandard[C].mayhaveproblemsfinishingtheirhomework [D].havevoicedtheircomplaintsabouthomework23.AccordingtoParagraph3,oneproblemwiththepolicyisthatitmay____.[A].discouragestudentsfromdoinghomework [B].resultinstudents'indifferencetotheirreportcards[C].underminetheauthorityofstatetests [D].restrictteachers'powerineducation24.AsmentionedinParagraph4,akeyquestionunansweredabouthomeworkis whether______.[A]itshouldbeeliminated [B].itcountsmuchinschooling[C].itplacesextraburdensonteachers [D].itisimportantforgrades25.Asuitabletitleforthistextcouldbe______.[A].WrongInterpretationofanEducationalPolicy [B].AWelcomedPolicyforPoorStudents[C].ThornyQuestionsaboutHomework [D].AFaultyApproachtoHomeworkText2Prettyinpink:adultwomendonotrememerbeingsoobsessedwiththecolour,yetitispervasiveinouryounggirls liv’es.Ttisnotthatpinkisintrinsicallybad,butitissuchatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneway,italsorepea tedlyandfirmlyfusesgirls ’toappearance.Thenitpresentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo-year-olds,betweengirlsasnotonlyinnocentbutasevidenceofinnocence.Lookingaround,Idespairedatthesingularlackofimaginationaboutgirls ’livesandinterests.Girls’attractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirDNA,butaccordingtoJoPaoletti,anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies,itisnot.Childrenwerenotcolour-codedatalluntiltheearly20thcentury:intheerabeforedomesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter,sincetheonlywayofgettingclothescleanwastoboilthem.What’smore,bothboysandgirlsworewhatwerethoughtofasgender-neutraldresses.Whennurserycolourswereintroduced,pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremasculinecolour,apastelversionofred,whichwasassociatedwithstrength.Blue,withitsintimationsoftheVirginMary,constancyandfaithfulness,symbolisedfemininity.Itwasnotuntilthemid-1980s,whenamplifyingageandsexdifferencesbecameadominantchildren ’smarketingstrategy,fullythatcamepinkintoitsown,whenitbegantoseeminherentlyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthemasfemale,atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears.精品文檔精品文檔Ihadnotrealisedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokins,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldevelopment.Takethetoddler.Iassumedthatphasewassomethingexpertsdevelopedafteryearsofresearchintochildren ehaviour:wrong.Turnsout,’sacdordingtoDanielCook,ahistorianofchildhoodconsumerism,itwaspopularisedasamarketingtrickbyclothingmanufacrurersinthe1930s.Tradepublicationscounselleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasesales,theyshouldcreatea betweeninfant“thirdwearsteppingandolderstonekids’clothes.Ttwasonlyafter “toddler ”becameacommonshoppers ’termthatitevolvedintoabroadlyacceptedlstagedevelopmenta.Splittingkids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshasprovedasure-firewaytoboostprofits.Andoneoftheeasiestwaystosegmentamarketistomagnifygenderdifferences–orinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexist.26.Bysaying"itis...therainbow"(Line3,Para.1),theauthormeanspink______.[A].shouldnotbethesolerepresentationofgirlhood [B].shouldnotbeassociatedwithgirls'innocence[C].cannotexplaingirls'lackofimagination [D].cannotinfluencegirls'livesandinterests27.AccordingtoParagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofcolours ？[A].Coloursareencodedingirls'DNA. [B].Blueusedtoberegardedasthecolourforgirls.[C].Pinkusedtobeaneutralcolourinsymbolisinggenders. [D].Whiteispreferedbybabies.28.Theauthorsuggeststhatourperceptionofchildren'spsychologicaldevelopmentwas muchinfluencedby_____.[A].themarketingofproductsforchildren [B].theobservationofchildren'snature[C].researchesintochildren'sbehavior [D].studiesofchildhoodconsumption29.WemaylearnfromParagraph4thatdepartmentstoreswereadvisedto_____.[A].focusoninfantwearandolderkids'clothes [B].attachequalimportancetodifferentgenders[C].classifyconsumersintosmallergroups [D].createsomecommonshoppers'terms30.Itcanbeconcludedthatgirls'attractiontopinkseemstobe____.[A].clearlyexplainedbytheirinborntendency [B].fullyunderstoodbyclothingmanufacturers[C].mainlyimposedbyprofit-drivenbusinessmen [D].wellinterpretedbypsychologicalexpertsText3In2010.afederaljudgeshookAmerica'sbiotechindustrytoitscore.CompanieshadwonpatentsforisolatedDNAfordecades-by2005some20%ofhumangeneswereparented.ButinMarch2010ajudgeruledthatgeneswereunpatentable.Executiveswereviolentlyagitated.TheBiotechnologyIndustryOrganisation(BIO)，atradegroup，assuredmembersthatthiswasjusta “preliminarystep ”inalongerbattle.OnJuly29ththeywererelieved，atleasttemporarily.Afederalappealscourtoverturnedthepriordecision，rulingthatMyriadGeneticscouldindeedholbpatentstotwogenssthathelpforecastawoman'sriskofbreastcancer.ThechiefexecutiveofMyriad ，acompanyinUtah，saidtherulingwasablessingtofirmsandpatientsalike.Butascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalisedmedicine，thecourtswillremainratherbusy.TheMyriadcaseitselfisprobablynotoverCriticsmakethreemainargumentsagainstgenepatents：ageneisaproductofnature， soitmaynotbepatented；genepatentssuppressinnovationratherthanrewardit；andpatents'monopoliesrestrictaccesstogenetictestssuchasMyriad's.Agrowingnumberseemtoagree.Lastyearafederaltask-forceurgedreformforpatentsrelatedtogenetictests.InOctobertheDepartmentofJusticefiledabriefintheMyriadcase，arguingthatanisolatedDNAmolecule“isnolessaproductofnature...thanarecottonfibresthathavebeenseparatedfromcottonseeds. ”Despitetheappealscourt'sdecision，bigquestionsremainunanswered.Forexample， itisunclearwhetherthesequencingofawholegenomeviolatesthepatentsofindividualgeneswithinit.ThecasemayyetreachtheSupremeCourt.AStheindustryadvances,however,othersuitsmayhaveanevengreaterpaniesareunlikelytofilemanymorepatentsforhumanDNAmolecules-mostarealreadypatentedorin thepublicdomain.firmsarenowstudyinghowgenesintcract,looking forcorrelationsthatmightbeusedtodeterminethecausesofdiseaseorpredictadrug ’sefficacy,companiesareeagertowinpatentsfor ‘connectingthedits ’,BIO.Theirsuccessmaybedeterminedbyasuitrelatedtothisissue,broughtbytheMayoClinic,whichtheSupremeCourtwillhearinitsnextterm.TheBIOrtcentlyheldaconventionwhichincludedseddionstocoachlawyersontheshiftinglandscapeforpatents.Eachmeetingwaspacked.31.itcanbelearnedfromparagraphIthatthebiotechcompanieswouldlike____.[A].theirexecutivestobeactive [B].judgestoruleoutgenepatenting精品文檔精品文檔[C].genestobepatentable [D].theBIOtoissueawarning32.thosewhoareagainstgenepatentsbelievethat____.[A].genetictestsarenotreliable [B].onlyman-madeproductsarepatentable[C].patentson genesdependmuchoninnovations[D].courtsshouldrestrictaccesstogenetictests33.accordingtohanssauer,companiesareeagertowinpatentsfor____.[A].establishingdiseasecompellations[B].discoveringgeneinteractions[C].drawingpicturesofgenes[D].identifyinghumanDNA34．Bysaying“eachmeetingwaspackedline4,para6)the”(authormeansthat____.[A].thesupremecourtwasauthoritative[B].theBIOwasapowerfulorganization[C].genepatentingwasagreatconcern[D].lawyerswerekeentoattendconventions35.generallyspeaking,theauthor’sattitudegenetowpatentingris____.[A].critical[B].supportive[C].scornful[D].objectiveText4Thegreatrecessionmaybeover,butthiseraofhighjoblessnessisprobablybeginning.Beforeitends,itwilllikelychangethelifecourseandcharacterofagenerationofyoungadults.Andultimately,itislikelytoreshapeourpolitics,ourculture,andthecharacterofoursocietyforyears.Noonetriesharderthanthejoblesstofindsilverliningsinthisnationaleconomicdisaster.Manysaidthatunemployment,whileextremelypainful,hadimprovedtheminsomeways;theyhadbecomelessmaterialisticandmorefinanciallyprudent;theyweremoreawareofthestrugglesofothers.Inlimitedrespects,perhapstherecessionwillleavesocietybetteroff.Attheveryleast,ithasawokenusfromournationalfeverdreamofeasyrichesandbiggerhouses,andputanecessaryendtoaneraofrecklesspersonalspending.Butforthemostpart,thesebenefitsseemthin,uncertain,andfaroff.InTheMoralConsequencesofEconomicGrowth,theeconomichistorianBenjaminFriedmanarguesthatbothinsideandoutsidetheU.S.,lengthyperiodsofeconomicstagnationordeclinehavealmostalwaysleftsocietymoremean-spiritedandlessinclusive,andhaveusuallystoppedorreversedtheadvanceofrightsandfreedoms.Anti-immigrantsentimenttypicallyincreases,asdoesconflictbetweenracesandclasses.Incomeinequalityusuallyfallsduringarecession,butithasnotshrunkinthisone,.Indeed,thisperiodofeconomicweaknessmayreinforceclassdivides,anddecreaseopportunitiestocrossthemespeciallyforyoungpeople.TheresearchofTillVonWachter,theeconomistinColumbiaUniversity,suggeststhatnotallpeoplegraduatingintoarecessionseetheirlifechancesdimmed:thosewithdegreesfromeliteuniversitiescatchupfairlyquicklytowheretheyotherwisewouldhavebeeniftheyhadgraduatedinbettertimes;itisthemassesbeneaththemthatareleftbehind.Intheinternetage,itisparticularlyeasytoseetheresentmentthathasalwaysbeenhiddenwinthinAmericansociety.Moredifficult,inthemoment,isdiscerningpreciselyhowtheseleantimesareaffectingsociety ’scharacterthe.InUmany.S.wasrespects,moresociallytolerantenteringthisresessionthanatanytimeinitshistory,andavarietyofnationalpollsonsocialconflictsincethenhaveshownmixedresults.Wewillhavetowaitandseeexactlyhowthesehardtimeswillreshapeoursocialfabric.Buttheycertainlyit,andallthemoresothelongertheyextend.36.Bysaying “tofindsilverlinings（Line1,Para”.2）theauthorsuggestthatthejoblesstry to___.[A].seeksubsidiesfromthegovernment[B].explorereasonsfortheunemployment[C].makeprofitsfromthetroubledeconomy [D].lookonthebrightsideoftherecession37.AccordingtoParagraph2,therecessionhasmadepeople_____.[A].realizethenationaldream [B].struggleagainsteachother[C].challengetheirlifestyle [D].reconsidertheirlifestyle38.BenjaminFriedmanbelievethateconomicrecessionsmay_____.[A].imposeaheavierburdenonimmigrants [B].bringoutmoreevilsofhumannature[C].Promotetheadvanceofrightsandfreedoms [D].easeconflictsbetweenracesandclasses39.TheresearchofTillVonWachthersuggeststhatinrecessiongraduatesfromelite universitiestendto_____.[A].lagbehindtheothersduetodecreasedopportunities [B].catchupquicklywithexperiencedemployees[C].seetheirlifechancesasdimmedastheothers [D].recover’morequicklythantheothers精品文檔精品文檔40.Theauthorthinksthattheinfluenceofhardtimesonsocietyis____.[A].certain[B].positive[C].trivial [D].destructivePartBDirections:Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfromthe rightcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenintheleftcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1.(10points)“Universalhistory,thehistoryofwhatmanhasaccomplishedinthisworld,isatbottomtheHistoryoftheGreatMenwhohaveworkedhere, ”wrotetheVictoriansageThomasCarlyle.Well,notanymoreitisnot.Suddenly,Britainlookstohavefallenoutwithitsfavouritehistoricalform.Thiscouldbenomorethanapassingliterarycraze,butitalsopointstoabroadertruthabouthowwenowapproachthepast:lessconcernedwithlearningfromforefathersandmoreinterestedinfeelingtheirpain.Today,wewantempathy,notinspiration.FromtheearliestdaysoftheRenaissance,thewritingofhistorymeantrecountingtheexemplarylivesofgreatmen.In1337,Petrarchbeganworkonhisramblingwriting DeVirisIllustribus –OnFamousMen,highlighting thevirtus(orvirtue)ofclassicalheroes.Petrarchcelebratedtheirgreatnessinconqueringfortuneandrisingtothetop.ThiswasthebiographicaltraditionwhichNiccoloMachiavelliturnedonitshead.InThePrince,thechampionedcunning,ruthlessness,andboldness,ratherthanvirtue,mercyandjustice,astheskillsofsuccessfulleaders.Overtime,theattributesofgreatnessshifted.TheRomanticscommemoratedtheleadingpaintersandauthorsoftheirday,stressingtheuniquenessoftheartist'spersonalexperienceratherthanpublicglory.Bycontrast,theVictorianauthorSamualSmileswroteSelf-Helpasacatalogueoftheworthylivesofengineers,industrialistsandexplores."Thevaluableexampleswhichtheyfurnishofthepowerofself-help,ifpatientpurpose,resoluteworkingandsteadfastintegrity,issuingintheformulationoftrulynobleandmanycharacter,exhibit,"wroteSmiles."whatitisinthepowerofeachtoaccomplishforhimself"HisbiographiesofJamesWalt,RichardArkwright andJosiahWedgwoodwereheldupasbeaconstoguidetheworkingmanthroughhisdifficultlife.ThiswasallabitbourgeoisforThomasCarlyle,whofocusedhisbiographiesonthetrulyheroiclivesofMartinLuther,OliverCromwellandNapoleonBonaparte.Theseepochalfiguresrepresentedliveshardtoimitate,buttobeacknowledgedaspossessinghigherauthoritythanmeremortals.CommunistManifesto.Forthem,historydidnothing,itpossessednoimmensewealthnorwagedbattles:“Itisman,real,livingmanwhodoesallthat.”Andhistoryshouldbethestoryofthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle.Assuch,itneededtoappreciatetheeconomicrealities,thesocialcontextsandpowerrelationsinwhicheachepochstood.For:“Menmaketheirownhistory,buttheydonotmakeitjustastheyplease;theydonotmakeitundercircumstanceschosenbythemselves,butundercircumstancesdirectlyfound,givenandtransmittedfromthepast.”Thiswasthetraditionwhichrevolutionizedourappreciationofthepast.InplaceofThomasCarlyle,BritainnurturedChristopherHill,EPThompsonandEricHobsbawm.History frombelowstoodalongsidebiographiesofgreat men.Wholenewrealmsofunderstanding —fromgendertoracetoculturalstudies—wereopenedupasscholarsunpickedthemultiplicity oflostsocieties.Andittransformedpublichistorytoo:downstairsbecamejustasfascinatingasupstairs.thevirtueofthepublicgloryofts.chiavellli epochalfigureswhosedtoimitate.les newrealmsofunderstandinghistory.lyle toryshouldbethestoryndtheirrecordofstruggle.ngels rtueasunnecessaryforrs.精品文檔精品文檔eworthylivesofengineerdexplorers.SectionⅢTranslation46.Directions:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.Writeyour translation on ANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Whenpeopleindevelopingcountriesworryaboutmigration,theyareusually concernedattheprospectoftherbestandbrightestdeparturetoSiliconValleyor tohospitalsanduniversitiesinthedevelopedworld,Thesearethekind ofworkers thatcountrieslikeBritain,CanadaandAustraliatrytoattractbyusingimmigrationrulesthatprivilegecollegegraduates.Lotsofstudieshavefoundthatwell-educatedpeoplefromdevelopingcountriesareparticularlylikelytoemigrate.A big surveyofIndianhouseholdsin2004 foundthatnearly40%ofemigrantshadmorethanahigh-school education,comparedwitharound3.3%ofallIndiansovertheageof25.This"brain drain"haslongbotheredpolicymakersinpoorcountries,Theyfearthatithurts theireconomies,deprivingthemofmuch-neededskilledworkerswhocouldhave taughtattheiruniversities,workedintheirhospitalsandcomeupwithclevernew productsfortheirfactoriestomake.Section IV Writing PartA47.DirectionsSupposeyouhavefoundsomethingwrongwiththeelectronicdictionarythatyouboughtfromanonlinestoretheotherday,Writeanemailtothecustomerservicecenterto1)makeacomplaintand2)demandapromptsolutionYoushouldwriteabout100wordsonANSERESHEET2Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter,Use"zhangwei"instead.(10points)PartBWriteanessaybasedonthefollowingtable.Inyourwritingyoushould1)describethetable,and2)giveyourcommentsYoushouldwriteatleast150wordsonANSERESHEET2.(15points)某公司員工工作滿意度調(diào)查年齡滿意度滿意不清楚不滿意小于等于40歲16.7%50.0%33．3%41-50歲0.0%36.0%64.0%大于50歲40.050.0%10.0%2012年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語（二）參考答案SectionⅠUseofEnglish1.B2.B3.A4.A5.C6.B7.C8.A9.D10.B11.D12.B13.C14.D15.B16.A17.C18.B19.B20.DSectionⅡReadingComprehension21.A22.C23.A24.B25.D26.A27.B28.A29.C30.C31.C32.B33.A34.D35.D36.D37.D38.B39.D40.A41.A42.F43.G44.C45.ESectionⅢTranslation發(fā)展中國家的人們擔(dān)心“移民” ，通常是在關(guān)注他們前往硅谷或者發(fā)達(dá)國家的醫(yī)院和大學(xué)后，自己最為美好的，光明的前景會是如何。這些移民是英國、加拿大和澳大利亞這樣的國家，試圖通過制定一些給予大學(xué)畢業(yè)生特權(quán)的移民政策，想要吸引的一類人群。大量研究表明，發(fā)達(dá)國家中受過良好教育的人非?？赡芤泼?。 2004年對于印度家庭的一項大型研究表明，接近 40%的移民都接受過高中以上的教育，而年齡在 25歲以上的印度人當(dāng)中受過高中以上教育的人只有 3.3%。這種“人才流失”長期以來困擾著貧窮國家的政策制定者，這些政策制定者擔(dān)心移民會破壞他們國家的經(jīng)濟，流失許多急缺的技術(shù)人才，這些人才也許本應(yīng)在他們的大學(xué)教書，在他們的醫(yī)院工作，創(chuàng)造出新產(chǎn)品精品文檔精品文檔讓本國的工廠來制造。 SectionIV WritingPartADearSirorMadame,Asoneoftheregularcustomersofyouronlinestore,Iamwritingthislettertoexpressmycomplaintagainsttheflawsinyourproduct —anelectronicdictionaryIboughtinyourshoptheotherday.Thedictionaryissupposedtobeafavorabletoolformystudy.Unfortunately,Ifoundthatthereareseveralproblems.Tobeginwith,whenIopenedit,Idetectedthattheappearanceofithadbeenscratched.Secondly,Ididnotfindthebatterypromisedintheadvertisementpostedonthehomepageofyourshop,whichmakesmefeelthatyouhavenotkeptyourpromise.Whatisworse,someofthekeysonthekeyboarddonotwork.Istronglyrequestthatasatisfactory explanationbegivenandeffective measuresshouldbetakentoimprove yourserviceandthequalityof yourproducts.Youcaneithersendanewonetomeorrefundmemymoneyinfull.Iamlookingforwardtoyourreplyatyourearliestconvenience. Sincerelyyours, ZhangWeiPartBThetableaboverevealedanoverallpictureofemploymentsatisfaction.Baseduponthedataofthetable,mostpeopleunder40areunclearordissatisfiedwiththeirjob,and64%ofthosebetween40to50,arenotsatisfiedandnoonefeelsatisfiedatall.Forpeopleover50,thedegreeofsatisfactionlargelyexceedstheothergroups,amountingto40%.Suchdifferencemayberootedinthefollowingreasons.First,middle-agedpeoplefacemorepressuretosupportthefamily,boththechildrenandthesenior,sothattheyneglecttoenjoyinwork.Second,theseniorcitizenshasdevelopedalotinpersonality,sotheyaremorepronetoseetheoptimisticaspectsofthework.Last,theconclusionthatthecurrentsocietypatternsposemorechallengestothemiddleagedgroupunder50.Tosumup,theseniorcitizensenjoysmorecontentthantheyoungandmiddle-agedpeopleunder50.2011年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語（二）TheInternetaffordsanonymitytoitsusers,ablessingtoprivacyandfreedomofspeech.Butthatveryanonymityisalsobehindtheexplosionofcyber-crimethathas1acrosstheWeb.Canprivacybepreserved2bringingsafetyandsecuritytoaworldthatseemsincreasingly3?Lastmonth,HowardSchmidt,thenation’scyber-czar,offeredthefederalgovernmenta4tomaketheWebasaferplace-a“voluntarytrustedidentity”systemthatwouldbethehigh-tech5ofaphysicalkey,afingerprintandaphotoIDcard,allrolled6one.Thesystemmightuseasmartidentitycard,oradigitalcredential7toaspecificcomputer.andwouldauthenticateusersatarangeofonlineservices.Theideaisto8afederationofprivateonlineidentitysystems.Usercould9whichsystemtojoin,andonlyregistereduserswhoseidentitieshavebeenauthenticatedcouldnavigatethosesystems.TheapproachcontrastswithonethatwouldrequireanInternetdriver’slicense10bythegovernment.GoogleandMicrosoftareamongcompaniesthatalreadyhavethese“singlesign-on”systemsthatmakeitpossibleforusersto11justoncebutusemanydifferentservices.12theapproachwouldcreatea“walledgarden”ncyberspace,withsafe“neighborhoods”andbright“streetlights”toestablishasenseofa13community.Mr.Schmidtdescribeditasa“voluntaryecosystem”inwhich“individualsandorganizationscancompleteonlinetransactionswith14,trustingtheidentitiesofeachotherandtheidentitiesoftheinfrastructure15whichthetransactionruns”.Still,theadministration’splanhas16privacyrightsactivists.Someapplaudtheapproach;othersareconcerned.Itseemsclearthatsuchaschemeisaninitiativepushtowardwhatwould17beacompulsoryInternet“dr