2012年高三英語(yǔ)一模卷及答案

金山區(qū)高三英語(yǔ)第一學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量試（考試時(shí)間：120分鐘 滿分：150分）第I卷(共105分)ListeningComprehensionSectionAShortDirections:InsectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.IntheShanghai B.IntheC.Inthe D.IntheA.HeaskedhertothrowawayalltheoldHeaskedhertohandinalltheoldHeaskedhertoputthesebooksinanorderlyHeaskedhertotakethesebooksneartheA.Thekeytothewoman’sThechangesontheThemanagementofthewoman’sHowthewoman’scompanygoesA.Whenthey B.WhentheysayC.Whentheyare D.WhentheylosetheirA.BecausetheyarenottheexpertsonthisBecausethewomanandthemanarenotfreeonthatBecausethepreparationsofthemeetingaren’tBecausesomeexpertscan’tcomeatthatA.HewillfinishdownloadingHewillrepairtheHewillfinishwritingthetermHewillunloadsomeA.Teacherand B.SingerandC.Bossand D.OperatorandA.HemadealecturetothewomanandtheHehasjustgraduatedfromtheHeistooshytospeakintheHeusedtobeveryshy,butnowhe eA.Theboywasraisedinagood B.TheboybecameaC.Hewasconfusedatthe D.HesaysA.Theywillbeclass B.TheywillenterdifferentC.Theyaresorryfortheirown D.TheywillbeindifferentSectionBDirections:InsectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassages,andyouwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassages.Thepassageswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveQuestions11through13arebasedonthefollowing11.A.InB.InC.InD.In12.A.B.C.5orD.A.ThisstoryhappenedinC.TheyoungmanwasaB.Theauthormustbeyoung,D.Themandidn’tfollowtheQuestions14through16arebasedonthefollowingA.A B.AC.Apublishing D.AegraphA.Inthelate18th B.Inthelate19thC.Intheearly20th D.Intheearly18thA.BecausetheyshouldsurviveunderthepressureofproductionBecausetheycanonlyacceptthebig-businessBecausethereadersonlyreadsomemajorBecausethenewspaperchainsarepopulartheseSectionCLongerDirections:InsectionC,youwillheartwolongerconversations.Eachconversationwillbereadtwice.Afteryouheartheconversation,youarerequiredtofillinthenumberedblankswiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Writeyouranswersonyouranswersheet.Blanks17through20arebasedonthefollowingCompletetheform.WriteONEWORDforeachAnThewoman’sprofessional1.Shehasworkedforfiveyearsat 2.ShelikesplayingcomputerTheman’s1.Thewomanshouldknowaboutcomputernetworks 2.Shecancreate thewebsitewhichinclude anduseofGGI3.SheshouldhaveexperienceofBlanks21through24arebasedonthefollowingCompletetheform.WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSforeachWhatdidthemanshowtotheHeshowedthewoman HowmanydidthewomanwanttoorderandwhatThewomanwantedtoandgotthetydiscountofthatdiscount .HowwillthewomanShecantransferthepaymentintothe oropenaletterofGrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.25.AterribleearthquakehitthePacificOceannearNortheasternJapan theafternoonofMarch11,A. B.C. D.Somefriendstriedtosettlethequarrelbetweenthetwinswithouthurtingthefeelingof ,but B.C. D.Don’ttrustsuchanadvertisementonTV.Thatkindofelectronicdictionaryis itasgood B.notasgoodC.aswell D.notaswellWedidn’tdaretogooutofthe weranintoanythingin B.C.so D.Peter,afanoftennis,toldmethattheChineseplayerLiNa thesecondgoldmedalintheAustralianOpenTennisChampionshipinthecoffeebarthedaybefore. B.willC.would D.had thepoorlittlerabbit,butIdidn’thaveanyrightdrugswithmeatthatcouldhave B.hadC.could D.Each tosolvetheproblem,butnoneishasbeentried B.havebeentriedC.willbetried D.aretriedYoucanneverimaginewhatgreattroubleIhave thismarbleinmy B.forC. D.toHeisastudentatOxfordUniversity, foradegreeincomputer B.C.tohave D.tobe environmentaldamageisdone,ittakesmanyyearsfortheecosystemtoEven B.IfC. D. getshomefirstistocooksupperforourbig B.C. D.ThoseItwasthewayhesaiditratherthanwhatheactuallysaid mademe B.C. D.Attheendoftheprogram,thestudentsarepaid$600–awaythisprogramdiffersfromothers, chargeafee. B.C. D.ThefirstblackoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica,BarackObama,wontheelectionintheend,butitremains,ofcourse, whetherhecan ethepresentdifficulties.to B.C. D.tobeCarbondioxide fromburningfuelsisthemostcommonofthe“greenhousehavingbeen B.C.tobe D.Onlywhen possibletosettletheproblemamongtheboydoestheclassteachercomewillittheclassteachercomeswillithastheclassteachercomeitwilltheclassteachercomesitwillSectionDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.B.C.D.E.G.H.I.J.Readingcanbefun,butitcanalsobetime-consumingifyourspeedisnotasfastasyou’dlikeittobe. readingspeedcanrangefrom200to350wordsperminute,butthatspeedcanvarydependingonyourreadingexperienceandthe42youarereading.It’salsoimportanttounderstandwhatyouarereading—evenwhenyouimproveyourspeed.Hereareafewtipstohelpyou ea43reader.Adjustyourreadingspeedasyoureaddifferentmaterials.Slowdownwhenthematerialisnewtoyouoryouneedtounderstandthematerialfully.Speedupifyouarealready44withthematerialoryoudon’thavetounderstanditcompley.Anotherwaytoimproveyourreadingspeedistofocusonthe inthesentences.Alargeamountofreadingtimeis45onconjunctions,prepositions,orarticles(i.e.a,an,the,but,and,etc.).Talkaboutwhatyou’veread.Somereadersfindthatbytalkingabouttheirreadingwithfriendsorfellowstudents,theyareabletounderstandthematerialmore46.Determineareadingschedulethatworksforyou.Youmayfindthatyoucan’tconcentrateonthematerialformorethananhour(orahalfhour).Also47atimeofthedaywhenyouarereadytoread.Don’tre-readrightaway;itwillslowdownyourreadingspeed.Ifyouabsoluydon’tunderstandpartofthereadingselection,gobackand48themateriallater.Findaproperreadingplace,whereinterruptionsordistractionswillnotdisturbyourreading.Practice.Practice.Practice.Thebestwaytoimproveyourreadingspeedistopracticereading.Tryoutsomeofthe ,andthenperfectthestrategiesthatworkbestforReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Someresearchersfindthatlessthanhalfofaspokenmessage’srealmeaningisinthewordsofthemessage.Theysaythatmostofamessage’smeaningcomesfromunderstandinghowthespeakerusesthingliketoneofvoice（語(yǔ)調(diào)language.SopeoplejustwordstoBodylanguageincludessuchthingsas onthespeaker’sface,gesturesthe withhisorherhands,andthepositionsofthespeaker’sbody.Justastherearemanydifferentlanguagesspokenaroundtheworld,therearemany waysforpeopletousebodylanguage,too.Forexample, mayimplydifferentmeaningsindifferentcultures.Makinga“thumbsup”signinAmericanmeans“Great!”However,inArabcultures,thisgesture offensive(性的).And , wanttoshowspeakersthattheyunderstand,thelistenerswillmovetheirheadsfromsidetoside.InmanyWesterncountries,thismeans“ bodylanguagecanbeused bydifferentcultures,therearealsomanygesturesthatarealmostusedthesameway.Forexample,as isunderstoodasa61offriendshiporgoodwillaroundtheworld.Alsousinganopenhandtogesturetowardsomethingisviewedaspoliteor62inmostcultures.Anotherexample,ifyouwantto63“Iaminterestedinyou”or“Ilikeyou,”thiskindofbodylanguageissometimesusedbetweentwopeople.Usuallyoneusesthesamegestureandturnsthebodytofullyface64.A.B.C.D.A.littleB.noneC.moreD.plentyA.eye-B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.eyeB.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.definiD.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.theC.theD.SectionDirections:Readthefollowingpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.eachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(AAnotherculturalaspectofnonverbalcommunicationisonethatyoumightnotthinkabout:space.Every himselfhaveasortofinvisibleprotectionsurroundinghisphysicalbody.Whensomeonecomestooclose,hefeelsfortable.Whenhebumpsontosomeone,hefeelsobligedtoapologize.Butthesizeofa ’s“comfortzone”dependsonhisculturalethnicorigin.Forexample,incasualconversation,manyAmericansstandaboutfourfeetapart.Inotherwords,theyliketokeepeachother“atanarm’slength”.PeopleinLatinorArabcultures,incontrast,standveryclosetoeachotherandtoucheachotheroften.Ifsomeonefromoneofthoseculturesstandstooclosetoanwhileinconversation,theAmericansmay fortableandbackWhenAmericansaretalking,theyexpectotherstorespondtowhattheyaresaying.ToAmericans,politeconversationalistsunderstandbyshowingexpressionsofexcitementordislike,shockorsadness.Peoplewitha“pokerface”,whoseemotionsarehiddenbyadeadpan（無(wú)表情的）expression,arelookeduponwithsuspicion.Americansalsoshowtheirattentivenessinaconversationbyraisingtheireyebrows,nodding,smilingpoliyandmaintaininggoodeyecontact.However,someculturesviewdirecteyecontactasimpoliteorthreatening.Americansseeitasasignofgenuinenessandhonesty.Ifa doesn’tlookyouintheeye,Americanmightsay:youshouldquestionhismotivesorsupposethathedoesn’tlikeyou.Yetwithalltheconcernforeyecontact,Americansstillconsiderstaringespeciallyatstrangerstoberude.Whattheauthordiscussedintheprevioussectionismostprobablyabout classificationofnonverbalthereasonswhypeopleshouldthinkabouttherelationshipbetweencommunicationandsomeotherculturalaspectsofnonverbalHowfarpeoplekeeptoeachotherwhiletalkingiscloselyassociatedwiththeir A. B. C. D.When fromLatinAmericatalkstoanArabianoninformaloccasions, hestandsaboutfourfeet“comfortzone”doesnotkeecloseenoughiscommunicationbarriers()mayInaconversationbetweenfriends,Americansregarditashonestandtruthfulto maintaindirecteyehideemotionswithadeadpandisplayexcitementordislike,shockorraisetheireyebrows,nodandspoli(B ontheInternetisveryconvenient,butmanypeopleusingtheircreditcardsonline.Thosefearsarenottotallyunfounded,especiallysinceidentitytheftissuchabigprobleminthemodernworld.Fortunay,youcanrequestatemporarycreditcardnumberfromyourcardissuerandusethattobuyproductsfromyourfavoriteonlineThattemporarycreditcardnumberisgoodforoneuseWhatwillprobablyhappenifyoudon’thaveatemporarycreditcardYourcreditcardwillnotbeacceptedAthiefmaypurchasethingsinyourYoucan’tbuyproductsfromonlineYourcardissuerwillaskyoutoreturnyourcreditWhatisNOTTRUEaccordingtotheinstructionsintheContactyourcreditcardissuertogetatemporarycreditcardAbrowser-basedsystemisusedtogeneratetemporarycreditcardLogontoyourPaypalaccounttorevealyourcreditcardLogoffofthemerchant’swebsiteafteryourorderonlinehasbeenWhichofthefollowingisprobablythetitlefortheHowtogetacreditcardfromaHowtomakeyourInternetpurchaseHowtobuyproductsfromonlineHowtousethetemporarycreditcard(CPsychologistslusthattherearefourbasicstagesthathumanbeingspassthroughwhentheyenterandliveinanewculture.Culturebeginswiththe“honeymoonstage”.Thisistheperiodoftimewhenwefirstarriveinwhicheverythingaboutthenewcultureisstrangeandexciting.Wemaybesufferingfrom“jetlag”,butwearethrilledtobeinthenewenvironment,seeingnewsights,hearingnewsoundsandlanguage,eatingnewkindsoffood.Thishoneymoonstagecanlastforquitealongtime,becausewefeelweareinvolvedinsomekindofgreatUnfortunay,thesecondstageofcultureshockcanbemoredifficult.Afterwehavesettleddownintoournewlife,workingorstudying,buyinggroceries,nglaundry,orlivingwithahome-stayfamily,wecan everytiredandbegintomissourhomelandandourfamily,girlfriend/boyfriend,pets.Allthelittleproblemsthateverybodyinlifehasseemtobemuchbiggerandmoredisturbingwhenyoufacetheminaforeignculture.Thisperiodofculturaladjustmentcanbeverydifficultandleadtothenewcomersrejected(受排擠)orpulledawayfromthenewculture.This“rejectionstage”canbequitedangerousbecausethenewcomersmaydevelopunhealthyhabits(smokinganddrinkingtoomuch,beingtooconcernedoverfoodorcontactwithpeoplefromthenewculture).Thisstageisconsideredacrisisintheprocessofculturaladjustmentandmanypeoplechoosetogobacktotheirhomelandorspendalltheirtimewithpeoplefromtheirownculturespeakingtheirnativelanguage.Thethirdstageofcultureshockiscalledthe“adjustmentstage”.Thisiswhenyoubegintorealizethatthingsarenotsobadinthehostculture.Yoursenseofhumourusually esstrongerandyourealizethatyouare ingstrongerbylearningtotakecareofyourselfinthenewplace.Thingsarestilldifficult,butyouarenowasurvivor!Accordingtothepassage,cultureshockhappenswhenwe reachour B.movetoabigcityinourownC.gotoliveinaforeign D.meetforeignpeopleforthefirstAllofthefollowingareaboutthesecondstageofcultureshockEXCEPT weare B.wefeelC.wewanttoleavethenewcultureD.wesuccessfullyadjustTheword“thrilled”inPara.2mostprobablymeans A. B. C.disappointedD.Thefourthstageofcultureshockdoesn’tappearinthepassage,butwecanconcludethatatthatstagewe ehomesick B.feelcomfortableinthenewC.findthingsmore D.findthenewsurroundingSectionIndependenceleadingtofamilybreak-Women’seasyandconvenientlifeinNomarriageformanypeopleIndependenceleadingtofamilybreak-Women’seasyandconvenientlifeinNomarriageformanypeopleFullfreedomforyoungDivorceasocialprobleminMarriage,likeothersocialinstructions,isshowingthestrainsofmodernlife.WhilemoreAmericansaremarriedtodaythaneverbefore,thedivorcerateisalsodisturbinglyontherise(onedivorceforeverythreemarriageslastyear).Whyshouldthisbeso,andwhat,ifanything,canwedotoreversethistrend?Formostpeople,lifeiseasierandmorecomfortablethaneverbefore.Conveniencefoodsfromthesupermarketsimplifyshopandcooking.Householdapplianceslikethevacuumcleanerandthewashingmachinehavemadehouseworkmucheasiertodo.Releasedfromthesehouseholdchores,manywiveshavefoundjobsoutsidethehome.Womenareachievingeconomicindependence.Families,too,aresimplertoday.InAmerica,itisnotcustomaryforparentstolivewiththeirmarriedchildren.ourgreatermobility,relativeshavescattered,theparentsretiringtoFloridaorArizonaandtheyoungpeople,aftertheymarry,goingwherevertheirjobsortheirintereststakethem.Youngadultwomenhavenewfreedom,too.Whileattendingcollege,theyoftenliveawayfromhome,sometimesfarfromtheirparentsortheirrelatives.Aftercollege,theymovetothecity,findajob,andsetup“bachelor”apartment.Thisistheeraofwomen’sliberation.Butallthisfreedomandaffluencehadhadanunforeseenandinsomerespectsadevastatingeffectonmarriage.Menandwomen,nolongerdependentoneachotherforfoodandmaintenance,findithardertoaccepttheresponsibilitiesandrestraintsorendurancethemisunderstandingsofmarriedlife.Whenhappiness esmisery,manycouplesdecidetooterminatetheirmarriagethroughdivorce.Ontheotherhand,thereisagrowingtrendtodayforcouplesintroubletotrytosavetheirmarriagebyconsultingaprofessionalcounselor.Helistenspatientlywhiletheytalk,knowingthatonlythroughself-understandingcantheysolvetheirproblems.SectionDirections:ReadthefollowingpassageandthencompletethestatementsandanswerthequestionsontheanswerTheWestbegantotakemorenoticeoftheEast.Thefifthvolumeofanenormousworkre-assessingtheChinesecontributiontoscienceandtechnologyistobepublishednextyear.Thefirstvolume,whichwaspublishedtwentyyearsago,setthetoneforthewholework.Init,evidencewasgiventoshowthatmanyinventionswhich,untilthen,westernhistorianshadclaimedforEurope,weremadefirstinChina.Theattempttorewritetheinlectualhistoryoftheworldwasnotreceivedwithoutbysomerespectablehistorians.However,theevidencethathasbeenpresentedsofarinthefirstfourvolumeshaspersuadedmanyhistorianswhoweredoubtfulatfirst.China’sinventionofpaper,printing,themagneticcompassandgunpowderhasneverbeenquarrelled,butthisnewhistoryhasaddedadvancedbridgedesign,mechanicalclocks,paddleboatsandmanyotherinventionstothelist.InthefourvolumespublishedsofarnoattempthasbeenmadetoexplainwhyChinahasnotkeptupwiththeWestinscienceandtechnologyinmoderntimesItisprobablethattheansweristobefoundinthesocialandeconomichistoryofChina,whereanunchangedsocietyunderarelativelykindregime（政治制度）ofupperclassescontrastswiththepotentiallyrevolutionaryandenergeticsocietyoftheWestattheendoftheMiddleAges.Inrecentyears,theChineseernmenthasbeenmakingeveryefforttocatchupwiththeWestagain,andthereislittledoubtthatthegapisbeingreducedyearbyyear.ButwillChinaavoidtheWest’s(Note:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANTWELVESofar,howmanyvolumeshavebeen Whenwasthefirstvolume Thesubjectofthisfive-volumeworkis Accordingtothepassage,what’stheprobablereasonsforChinanotkeeupwiththe

II(45分DirectionsTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishusingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.只要不斷努力，所有的夢(mèng)想都會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。(aslong雖然重重，但他父母還是設(shè)法及時(shí)趕到了。(despite我們從不懷疑現(xiàn)在學(xué)的東西越多，將來(lái)就能工作得越好。(themorethemoreGuidedDirections:WriteanEnglishcompositioninover120wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowin（注意不要出現(xiàn)真實(shí)的人名和校名ISectionAShortDirections:InsectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.M:Goodmorning,Madam,WheredoyouwanttogoW:I’dliketogototheShanghaiMuseum.Atthispoint,thetrafficonthebridgeisnotsogood,sothetunnelisabetterQ:WheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeM:Dorothy,pleaseputawayalltheoldbooksonyourW:But,Dad,theyshouldbeonhand,becauseIwillusethematanytime.Q:Whatdidthemanaskthewomantodo?M:SoMrsJones,We’dliketoknowhowyoucanmanagethiscompanysowellandmakeitintoalargebusiness.W:Well,Ithinksensitivefeelingaboutthemarketandstrictmanagementisthekey.Q:WhataretheytalkingM:IreallyenjoyedmyselfinW:Yes,pleasedtohavemetyouhere.HopeyoucanvisitShanghaiagain.Q:Whendoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?M:Manyexpertscan’tattendthemeetingthatday.W:Sowemustchangethedate,mustn’twe?Q:WhyshouldtheychangethedateoftheW:WhatareyoubusyM:I’mdownloadingsomeinformationformytermpaperwhichshouldbefinishedinJuly.Q:WhatwillthemandoinJuly?W:Todaywe’lllearnthedifferencebetweendirectspeechandindirectspeech.Tom,canyoulmeanexampleofdirectspeech??M:IamnotQ:What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwoW:Ican’tbelievethatWilsonisalecturerintheuniversity.M:Yes,hewassoshyinthemiddleschool.Q:WhathashappenedtoW:DoesthebookhaveagoodM:Itishardtosay.Theboywasbroughtupingoodsurroundings,butsomehowhebecameathiefinthestreet.Q:Whatdidthemanthinkabouttheendofthebook?W:WhichclasswillyoubeM:I’llbeinClassOne,JackandJoaninClassSix.IrememberyouareinClassTwo.Ifeelsorrywewillbeseparate.Q:Whathappenstoallthepeople?SectionBDirections:InsectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassages,andyouwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassages.Thepassageswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingIwaswalkingalongOrchardRoadwhenIrealizedatallyoungmanwearingajacketandtiewasfollowingme.Inoticedhimbecausenotmanypeoplewearajacketandtieinthemiddleofahotsummerday,andIhadalreadyseenthismanfourtimesthatafternoon.Tomakesurehewasfollowingme,Iwalkedonquickly,turnedrightintoashopcenterandthenstoppedtolookinashopwindow,soon,themanappearedandstoppedatanothershopwindow.Iwalkedonandstoppedseveraltimes.WhenIstopped,hestopped,too.Ibegantoberatherworriedanddecidedtotrytolosethisstrangerman.WhenIsawataxicoming,Ijumpedintoit.AsIwaslingthetaxidriverwheretogo,Ifoundthemangotintoanothertaxi,whichthenfollowedmine.AsthetwotaxisslowingmadetheirwayalongOrchardRoad,Ilookedbackatthetaxibehind,andsawthatthestrangerwaslookingoutatme.AtMRTstationItoldthetaxidrivertostopandIgotout.AsIwaspayingmyfare,Isawthatthemanwasgettingoutofthetaxi.BynowIgotangry,soIturnedandwalkedstraighttohim.Iaskedhimwhyhewasfollowingme.Atfirsthesaidhewasnotfollowingmeatall,butwhenIthreatenedtcallthe,headmittedhewas.HethentoldmethathewasajournalistandthathewaswritinganarticleonhowelderlypeopleintheUnitedStatesspendtheirtime.Hesaidhewasobservingmetogathermaterialsforhisarticle.InwhichseasondidthisstoryHowmanytimesdidtheauthorseetheyoungmanthatWhichofthefollowingstatementsisQuestions14through16arebasedonthefollowingOneofthemostimportantdevelopmentsinnewspaperorganizationduringthefirstpartofthetwentiethcenturywasthegrowthofegraphservices,whichareknownaswireservices.Wire-servicecompaniesemployedreporters,whocoveredstoriesallovertheworld.Theirnewsreportsweresenttopapersthroughoutthecountrybyegraph.Thepaperspaidanannualfeeforthisservice.Wireservicescontinuetoplayanimportantroleinnewspaperoperations.TodaythemajorwireservicesaretheAssociatedPress(AP)andUnitedPressInternational(UPI).YouwillfrequentlyfindAPorUPIatthebeginningofanewNewspaperchainsandcombinationsbegantoappearintheearly1900s.Achainconsistsoftwoormorenewspapersownedbyasingle ororganization.Acombinationinvolvescombiningtwoormorepapersintoone.Duringthenineteenthcenturymanycitieshadmorethanonecompetitiveindependentpaper.Todayinmostcitiesthereareonlyoneortwonewspapers,andtheyareusuallyoperatedbyasingleowner.Oftennewspapersinseveralcitiesbelongtoonechain.Papershavecombinedinordertosurviveunderthepressureofrisingcosts.Chainsandmergershavecutdownproductioncostsandbroughttheadvantagesofbig-businessmethodstothenewspaperindustry.WhatisWhendidthenewspaperchainsandcombinationWhydidmanynewspaperscombineSectionCLongerDirections:InsectionC,youwillheartwolongerconversations.Eachconversationwillbereadtwice.After