語法現(xiàn)在完成時講解 練習(xí) 仁愛版英語九年級上冊

九上現(xiàn)在完成時講解+練習(xí)一、構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在完成時由助動詞has/have+過去分詞構(gòu)成，第三人稱單數(shù)用has，其余用have.現(xiàn)在完成時的否定式直接在助動詞后面加上not，疑問式是把助動詞提到主語之前。以work為例，其否定式、疑問式和簡單回答形式如下：否定句特殊疑問句主語+has/havenotdone+其他疑問詞+has/have+主語+done+其他？I/We/You/Theyhavenot(haven’t)worked….Wherehaveyouworked…?InacompanyHe/Shehasnot(hasn’t)worked….Wherehassheworked…?Inacompany一般疑問句簡單回答（肯定/否定）Has/Have+主語+done+其他？Yes,主語has/have.No,主語hasn’t/haven’t.Haveyouworked…?Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven’t.Hasheworked…?Yes,hehas.No,hehasn’t.二、用法：①現(xiàn)在完成時通常表示在說話之前已經(jīng)完成的動作，但對現(xiàn)在有影響。常與already,just,still,yet等詞連用。例：Ihavelostmykey.我鑰匙丟了。(到現(xiàn)在還沒找到)Hehasalreadyleft.他已經(jīng)離開了。（現(xiàn)在你找不到他）②表示動作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能持續(xù)下去。常與for,since,sofar,uptonow,recently,lately,inthepastfewyears等詞連用。例：Ihaven’theardfromhersofar.我到現(xiàn)在都沒有收到她的信。Wehaven’tseenyourecently.最近我們沒有見到你。Theyhavebeenawayfortwoyears.他們離開已經(jīng)兩年了。③表示過去的一種經(jīng)歷。常與ever,never,before,once,twice,three/four/five…times等詞連用例：IhavebeentoBeijingbefore.我去過北京。Hehasneverworkedinthefactory.他從未在這個工廠工作過。三、注意：（1）since和for的區(qū)別for+一段時間since+過去的時間點/一段時間+ago/+句子（時態(tài)用一般過去時）例：IhavestudiedEnglishfor3years.IhavestudiedEnglishsince2001.IhavestudiedEnglishsince3yearsagoIhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwasachild.練習(xí)：用since和for填空1.JimhasbeeninIreland___since___Monday.2.JillhasbeeninIreland___for___threedays.3.HisaunthaslivedinAustralia___for___15days.4.Maryisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere__since____7o'clock.5.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry__since____1974.6.Thebusislate.They'vebeenwaiting__for____20minutes.7.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenempty__for__manyyears.8.Mikehasbeenill_for__alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital__since__October.（2）瞬間動詞如arrive,leave,borrow,buy,begin,start,die等，在完成時當(dāng)中不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用，因為它們表示的動作不可能持續(xù)。如果要和表示一段時間的狀語連用，必須把動詞改成相對應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞。例：判斷正誤。這個老人死了三年了。Theoldmanhasdiedforthreeyears.（×）Theoldmandiedthreeyearsago.（√）Theoldmanhasbeendeadforthreeyears.（√）他參軍兩年了。Hehasjoinedthearmyfortwoyears.（×）Hejoinedthearmytwoyearsago.（√）Hehasbeeninthearmyfortwoyears.（√）Hehasbeenasoldierfortwoyears.（√）短暫性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動詞：①arriveat/insp.getto/e/go/movetosp.→beinsp./atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethere1)HegottoBeijingfiveminutesago.He__________________________Beijingfor__________________.②come/goback,return→bebackcome/goout→beout1)Hecameouttwoyearsago.He____________________________for____________________.③become→be1)Ibecameateacherin2000.I__________________ateacherfor__________________.2)Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.Theriver__________________dirtyfor___________________.④close→beclosedopen→beopen1)Theshopclosedtwohoursago.Theshop__________________________for__________________.⑤getup→beup；die→bedead；leavesw.→beawayfromsw.fallasleep/gettotsleep→beasleep；finish/end→beover；marry→bemarried；1)HeleftFuzhoujustnow.He________________________________Fuzhouforfiveminutes.2)Mygrandpadiedin2002.Mygrandpa______________________for_______________.3)Theymarriedin1990.They___________________________since_________.⑥start/begintodosth.→dosth.；begin→beon1)Ibegantoteachatthisschoolin1995.I________atthisschoolsince____.2)Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilm____________for________.⑦borrow→keep；lose→nothave；buy→have；puton→wearcatch/getacold→haveacold；gettoknow→know1)Theyborroweditlastweek.They__________________itsince____________________.2)Iboughtapentwohoursago.I__________________apenfor__________________.⑧have/hasgoneto→havebeeninHehasgonetoBeijing.He_____________Beijingfortwodays.⑨jointheleague/theParty/thearmy→beamemberoftheleague/theParty→beintheleague/theParty/thearmy1)Hejoinedtheleaguein2002.He______________a________________the________fortwoyears.He___________________________theleaguefortwoyears.（3）have(has)been和have(has)gone的區(qū)別：“have(has)beento”表示“曾到過某地”“have(has)goneto”表示“已經(jīng)去某地”比較：Wherehashebeen?他剛才到哪里去了？（已經(jīng)回來了）Wherehashegone?他上哪兒去了？（人不在）TheyhavebeentoChina.他們到過中國。（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在中國）TheyhavegonetoChina.他們到中國去了。（在路上或已到中國）.（4）現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)過去某個動作對現(xiàn)在的影響，而一般過去時只表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作，與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。例：Heworkedinthathospitalfor8years.他曾在那家醫(yī)院工作8年。（描述過去的一個事實，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那家醫(yī)院工作了。）Hehasworkedinthathospitalfor8years.他已在那家醫(yī)院工作8年。（表示從過去開始工作，一直到現(xiàn)在仍在那家醫(yī)院工作。）（5）固定句型：①Itis/hasbeen+一段時間+since句子例：我們搬到福州十年了。___ItistenyearssincewemovedtoFuzhou.______________②一段時間+haspassed+since句子例：我們已相識(knoweachother)十年。___Tenyearshaspassedsincewekneweachother._____________③It/This/Thatis+thefirst/only/last…+名詞單數(shù)+that句子例：這是我第一次看這部電影。__ItistheonlyfilmthatIhaveeverseen.___那是他寫過的唯一一本書。__Thatistheonlybookthathehaswritten.________④It/This/Thatis+the+形容詞最高級+名詞單數(shù)+that句子例：這是我看過的最有趣的的電影。__ThisisthemostinterestingmoviethatIhaveseen.___那是我吃過的最好吃的一頓飯。__ThatisthemostdeliciousmealthatIhaveeaten._____課后練習(xí)一、單項選擇。1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey___B______what’shappenedtohim.

A.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknow

2、Hehas__B_____beentoShanghai,hashe?

A.alreadyB.neverC.everD.still

3、HaveyoumetMr.Li__C____？

A.justB.agoC.beforeD.amomentago

4、Thefamouswriter__D___onenewbookinthepasttwoyears.

A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten

5、—Ourcountry__C____alotsofar.

—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.

A.haschanged;wellB.changed;goodC.haschanged;betterD.changed;better

6、ZhaoLan__C____already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.

A.was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studying7、We__C____XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.

A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew

8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I___B____ittwice.

A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see

9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.

—Really?When__B___there?

A.willtheygoB.didtheygoC.dotheygoD.havetheygone

10、—____B__you___yourhomeworkyet?

—Yes.I_____itamomentago.

A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finished

C.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish

二、用already或yet填空。1.—Havetheytakendowntheoldpictures____yet_______?—No,not____yet_______.

2.Mostofushavefinishedourcompositions___already______.

3.Hesaidhehadn’tvisitedtheexhibition____yet________.

三、用since或for填空。1.Wehavelearnedfivelessons____since______thebeginningofthisterm.

2.Mrs.Leehasbeeninhospital____since______lastweek.

3.Ihavestayedatmyaunt’s__for_________twoweek