(完整版)自然地理學(xué)專業(yè)英語重點(diǎn)詞匯

01地理學(xué)總論地理學(xué)geographyunifiedgeographygeneralgeographysystematicgeographyregionalgeographytheoreticalgeographyappliedgeographymetageographyphysiographychorographypaleogeogpraphygeographicalsystemgeographicalenvironment統(tǒng)一地理學(xué)普通地理學(xué)系統(tǒng)地理學(xué)區(qū)域地理學(xué)理論地理學(xué)應(yīng)用地理學(xué)元地理學(xué)地文學(xué)地質(zhì)學(xué)古地理學(xué)地理學(xué)體系地理環(huán)境地理因子地理過程地理分布地理界線地理綜合地理考察綜合考察區(qū)域分析區(qū)域分異生存空間生存承載能力環(huán)境決定論災(zāi)變論geographicalfactorsgeographicalprocessgeographicaldistributiongeographicalboundarygeographicalsynthesisgeographicalsurveyintegratedsurveyregionalanalysisregionaldifferentiationlivingspacelife-carryingcapacityenvironmentaldeterminismcatastrophetheoryearthearthsurface地球地球表面地球表層地理系統(tǒng)地理圈景觀圈巖石圈水圈epigeospheregeosystemgeographicalspherelandscapespherelithospherehydrosphereatmosphere大氣圈土壤圈生物圈地圈智能圈技術(shù)圈北半球南半球地球體pedospherebiospheregeospherenoonspheretechnospherenorthernhemispheresouthernhemispheregeoid地理緯度地理經(jīng)度北極南極極圈北回歸線南回歸線赤道時(shí)區(qū)日界線極晝latitudelongitudeNorthPoleSouthPoleArcticCircleTropicofCancerTropicofCapricornequatortimezonedatelinepolardaypolarnightcontinentocean極夜洲sea大陸洋內(nèi)陸地理單元區(qū)劃帶地帶區(qū)域地區(qū)小區(qū)inlandgeographicalunitregionalizationbeltzoneregionareadistrict02自然地理學(xué)自然地理學(xué)綜合自然地理學(xué)普通自然地理學(xué)自然綜合體地域自然綜合體自然地理過程自然生產(chǎn)潛力進(jìn)展因素physicalgeographyintegratedphysicalgeographygeneralphysicalgeographynaturalcomplexterritorialnaturalcomplexphysicalgeographicprocessnaturalpotentialproductivityprogressivefactorrelicfactorthreedimensionzonalityhorizontalzoneverticalzonezonality殘留因素三維地帶性水平地帶垂直地帶地帶性非地帶性水平地帶性垂直地帶性地方性坡向陽坡azonalityhorizontalzonalityverticalzonalitylocalityexposureadret,sunnyslopeubac,shadyslope陰坡Massenerhebungseffekt(德）,integratedphysicogeographicalregionalizationnivalbeltsubnivalbelt山體效應(yīng)綜合自然區(qū)劃雪帶亞雪帶高山亞高山山地alpinesubalpinemountains荒漠desertdesertificationsandydesertrockydesertgraveldesertargillaceousdesertsaltdesertgobi荒漠化沙漠巖漠礫漠泥漠鹽漠戈壁綠洲景觀學(xué)景觀oasislandscapesciencelandscapefaciesnaturallandscapeland相自然景觀土地土地系統(tǒng)土地分類土地類型土地單元土地要素土地刻面刻面聯(lián)合體土地屬性生態(tài)地理學(xué)地生態(tài)學(xué)景觀生態(tài)學(xué)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)生態(tài)平衡生態(tài)區(qū)域生態(tài)小區(qū)landsystemlandclassificationlandtypelandunitlandelementlandfacetfacetcombinationterraincharacteristicsecogeographygeoecologylandscapeecologyecosystemecologicalbalanceecoregionecodistict生態(tài)地段生態(tài)區(qū)生態(tài)點(diǎn)ecosectionecotopeecositenaturalresourcesrenewableresourcesnonrenewableresourceshazardgeographynaturalhazard自然資源可再生資源非可再生資源災(zāi)害地理學(xué)自然災(zāi)害03地貌學(xué)地貌學(xué)地貌geomorphologylandform地貌年代學(xué)地貌成因地貌形成作用氣候地貌學(xué)動力地貌學(xué)地貌量計(jì)學(xué)人工地貌平原geomorphochronologygeomorphogenesis,landformgenesislandformformingprocessclimaticgeomorphologydynamicgeomorphologygeomorphometryanthropogeniclandformsplainlowlandhighlandhill低地高地丘陵山mountainmountainrange,mountainchainrange,ridgepeak,mountpiedmontpeninsulaisland山脈嶺峰山麓半島島嶼群島海峽archipelagostraitisthmusaltitude,heightabovesealevelrelativeheightmountainspurbasin地峽海拔（高度）相對高度山嘴intermountainbasin盆地山間盆地山間盆地山峰崖山麓平原高原峽谷谷溝谷沖溝山形山志階地臺地洼地坡地intermountainbasinmountainpeakcliff,scarppiedmontplainplateaugorge,canyonvalleyravinegullymountainformsorographyterracetableland,platformdepressionslope坡度基巖地貌過程侵蝕[作用]雨滴侵蝕slope,gradientbedrockgeomorphologicalprocesserosionraindroperosion剝蝕[作用]刻蝕溶蝕沖刷片蝕溯源侵蝕下切侵蝕側(cè)[向侵]denudationcorrasioncorrosionwash,erosionsheeterosionheadwarderosiondowncutting,incision,verticalerosionlateralerosion掏蝕undercuttingbaseleveloferosiongeneralbaselevellocalbaselevel侵蝕基[準(zhǔn)]面總侵蝕基[準(zhǔn)]面局部侵蝕基[準(zhǔn)]面裂點(diǎn)沉積作用堆積作用堆積物加積作用沉積相地貌世代地貌序列地形基面地貌組合正地貌knickpointsedimentation,depositiondeposition,accumulationdepositaggradationsedimentaryfaciesgenerationoflandformslandformsseriesbaselevellandformassemblagepositivelandform負(fù)地貌negativelandformnormallandforminvertedlandforminversionoflandformerosionallandformplanationsurfacepeneplaindenudationsufaceerosionsurfacepediment正常地貌倒置地貌地貌倒置刻蝕地貌夷平作用夷平面準(zhǔn)平面剝蝕面山麓[侵蝕]面山麓侵蝕平面山頂面pediplainsummitplaneerosioncyclerejuvenation侵蝕循環(huán)回春作用相關(guān)沉積地殼均衡新構(gòu)造運(yùn)動構(gòu)造地貌學(xué)丹霞地貌構(gòu)造高原構(gòu)造階地單面山correlatedsedimentsisostasyneotectonicmovementstructuralgeomorphology,tectonicgeomorphology“Danxia”landformstructuralplateaustructuralterracecuesta(西）mesa方山hogbackridge豬背脊線形現(xiàn)象斷層崖斷層線崖斷層三角面lineamentfaultscarpfault-linescarptriangularfacet斷層谷斷塊山火山triangularfacetfaultvalleyblockmountainvolcano火山作用風(fēng)化[作用]物理風(fēng)化[作用]化學(xué)風(fēng)化[作用]生物風(fēng)化[作用]機(jī)械風(fēng)化[作用]差異風(fēng)化[作用]風(fēng)化層weatheringphysicalweatheringchemicalweatheringbiologicalweatheringmechanicalweatheringdifferentialweatheringregolithresidualsoileluviumeluvium殘積土殘積物weatheredcrust殘積層風(fēng)化殼正殘積風(fēng)化殼碎屑型風(fēng)化殼硅鋁粘土型風(fēng)化殼硅鋁碳酸鹽型風(fēng)化殼硅鋁－氧化物－硫酸鹽風(fēng)化殼orthoeluvialweatheredcrustclasticweatheredcrustsiallite-clayweatheredcrustsiallite-carbonateweatheredcrustsiallite-chloride-sulphatecrustsiallite-ferriteandallitewea-theredcrustwea-thered硅鋁－鐵質(zhì)和富鋁型風(fēng)化殼exfoliation,desquamationexfoliationcrumblingincrustationcrumbling剝落頁狀剝落塊狀崩落結(jié)殼作用incrustation塊狀崩落結(jié)殼作用鹽屑堆talustaluscone鹽屑錐山麓堆積坡積物坡水堆積物土體蠕動滑塌滑坡泥石流泥流talusslopedepositdeluviumsoilcreepcollapselandslide,landslipdebrisflowmudflowrockfallfluvialgeomorphologyfluviallandform巖崩流水地貌學(xué)alluvium，alluvialdeposit流水地貌沖積物沖積層沖積錐沖積扇alluviumalluvialconealluvialfan洪積物洪積層洪積扇河床河漫灘匯水區(qū)流域分水嶺辮狀河曲流天然堤濱河床沙壩凸岸壩牛軛湖離堆山proluvium，proluvialdepositproluviumproluvialfanriverbedfloodplaincatchmentareadrainagearea，basinwaterdivide，divide，watershedbraidedstreammeandernaturalleveechannelbar，sandbarpointbarox-bowlakemeandercore，meanderspur河流階地河流襲奪河流錯(cuò)位河流偏移風(fēng)口縱谷橫谷風(fēng)蝕吹蝕沙丘新月形沙丘流動沙丘固定沙丘半固定沙丘縱向沙丘riverterracerivercaptureriveroffsetriverdeflectionwindgaplongitudinalvalleytransversevalleywinderosiondeflationsanddunecrescentdunemobiledune，wanderingdunefixeddunesemifixieddunelongitudinaldune橫向沙丘拋物線沙丘蜂窩狀沙丘沙垅風(fēng)棱石風(fēng)蝕脊沙暴風(fēng)蝕坑風(fēng)蝕洼地干鹽湖transverseduneparabolicdunehoneycombdunessandridgewind-facetedstones，ventifactyardangsandstormblowoutpitdeflationhollowplayarockfaninselberg基巖扇島山漠漆desertvarnishrockvarnishdesertpavement巖漆漠蓋層黃土loessloesslandform“yuan”，loesstableland“l(fā)iang”，loessridge“mao”，loesshillbadlandkarstkarstgeomorphologykarstlandformkarstificationdoline黃土地貌黃土塬黃土梁黃土峁劣地咯斯特咯斯特地貌學(xué)咯斯特地貌咯斯特化溶斗溶蝕谷溶蝕盆落水洞溶溝poljeuvalasinkholekarren干谷豎井潛蝕作用洞穴堆積咯斯特平原峰林dryvalleyshaftundergrounderosioncavedepositkarstplainpeakforeststonepinaclesspeleologypseudokarstparakarstsinterdepositiontufaseacoastshorecoastalgeomorphology石林洞穴學(xué)假咯斯特類咯斯特泉華沉積石灰華海岸濱海岸地貌學(xué)海蝕作用海蝕龕海蝕洞海蝕臺海蝕崖海蝕柱岬角巖灘潮灘潮汐通道潮溝marineerosionwave-cutnotchseacaveabrasionplatformseacliffseastackcapebenchtidalflattidalchannel，tidalinlettidalcreeklagoon舄湖deltaestuarycoastalbeach三角洲河口灣海灘灘脊beachridgechenierchenierplainsandspit灘脊[型]潮灘灘脊[型]潮灘平原沙嘴障壁壩濱外壩尖[形]灘尖[形]壩連島壩barrieroff-shorebarcuspateforelandtuspatebartombolotomboloislandlongshoredriftcoastalterrace，marineterraceeustaticmovementcoralreef陸連島沿濱泥沙流海岸階地全球性海面升降珊瑚礁fringingreef岸礁堡礁環(huán)礁大陸架大陸坡洋盆海隆海嶺平頂海山海溝barrierreefatollcontinentalshelfcontinentalslopeoceanicbasinriseoceanicridgeguyottrenchabyssaldeep海淵04氣候?qū)W氣候?qū)W氣候氣候資源太陽輻射反照射積溫?zé)o霜期降水蒸發(fā)climatologyclimateclimateresourcessolarradiationalbedoaccumulatedtemperaturefrost-freeperiodprecipitationevaporationaridityheat-waterbalancewinddirectionwindspeed干燥度熱水平衡風(fēng)向climatedamage，climatichazard風(fēng)速氣候?yàn)?zāi)害旱災(zāi)水災(zāi)風(fēng)災(zāi)雹災(zāi)濕害熱害凍害droughtdamageflooddamagewinddamagehaildamagewetdamageheatdamagefreezingdamagecolddamageclimaticclassificationclimaticregionalizationclimaticzoneclimaticregionclimatictype冷害氣候分類氣候區(qū)劃氣候帶氣候區(qū)氣候型赤道帶熱帶equatorialzonetropicalzone亞熱帶溫帶寒帶subtropicalzonetemperatezonecoldzonehumidclimatearidclimatetropicalrainforestclimatesavannaclimateforestclimatesteppeclimatedesertclimatetundraclimatepolarclimateplateauclimatemountainclimatecontinentality濕潤氣候干燥氣候熱帶雨林氣候薩瓦納氣候森林氣候草原氣候荒漠氣候苔原氣候極地氣候高原氣候山地氣候大陸度大陸性氣候海洋性氣候地中海氣候地形氣候?qū)W區(qū)域氣候地方氣候小氣候氣候系統(tǒng)行星風(fēng)系信風(fēng)季風(fēng)梅雨臺風(fēng)寒潮continentalclimatemaritimeclimateMediterraneanclimatetopoclimatologyregionalclimatelocalclimatemicroclimateclimaticsystemplanetarywindsystemtradewind，tradesmonsoonMeiyu,，plumraintyphooncoldwavesea-landbreeze海陸風(fēng)山谷風(fēng)mountain-valleybreeze干熱風(fēng)焚風(fēng)雨影氣候變遷古氣候歷史氣候年輪氣候?qū)W物候?qū)Wdry-hotwindfoehnrainshadowclimaticchangepalaeoclimatehistoricalclimatedendroclimatologyphenologynaturalcalendarurbanclimateurbanheatislandclimatography自然歷城市氣候城市熱島氣候志05水文地理學(xué)水文地理學(xué)水文學(xué)水體水團(tuán)河流學(xué)水利學(xué)水利經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)水化學(xué)森林水文學(xué)都市水文學(xué)水文物理學(xué)古水文學(xué)土壤水文學(xué)hydrogeographyhydrologywaterbodywatermasspotamologyhydraulicshydroeconomicshydrochemistryforesthydrologyurbanhydrologyhydrophysicspalaeohydrologypedohydrology水文情勢水文過程水文測驗(yàn)流域形態(tài)流域分水線河道坡降河道等級閉合盆地河網(wǎng)密度總蒸發(fā)hydrologicalregimehydrologicalprocesshydrometrywatershedmorphologybasindividechannelgradientchannelorderclosedbasindrainagedensityevapotranspirationwaterbudget，waterbalancelandevaporationwatersurfaceevaporationforkfactorheadwaters水平衡陸面蒸發(fā)水面蒸發(fā)分岔系數(shù)河源水道網(wǎng)支流hydrographicnettributary過程線hydrographseparationofhydrographwaterfallhorizontalprecipitationwatercyclewaterexchangerunoffrunoffcoefficientannualnormalrunoffbaseflow流量過程線分割瀑布水平降水水循環(huán)水量交換徑流徑流系數(shù)年正常徑流量基流riverbeddeformationriverfeedingflashflood河床變形河流補(bǔ)給暴發(fā)洪水洪水floodfluvialprocessesinteraquiferflowinterflowlawofstreamnumberslawofsuperpositiondischarge流水過程層間流壤中流河流數(shù)目定律疊加定律流量overlandflowpeakdischargerunoffgenerationflowconcentrationrateofsedimentproductionrecessioncurverunoffmoduluswateryield坡面流洪峰流量產(chǎn)流匯流產(chǎn)沙率退水曲線徑流模數(shù)產(chǎn)水量懸移質(zhì)泥沙運(yùn)動產(chǎn)沙量水位洪水位suspendedloadsedimentmovementsedimentyieldwaterstagefloodlevelwarningstage警戒水位水土流失水土保持澇暴雨徑流輸沙能力徑流變率地下水文學(xué)承壓地下水水力傳導(dǎo)度waterandsoillosswaterandsoilconservationwaterloggingstormflowtransportabilityofsedimentsvariabilityofrunoffgroundwaterhydrologyconfinedgroundwaterhydraulicconductivity入滲土壤水infiltrationsoilwateraquifer含水層artesianbasindeepphreaticwaterfissuredwaterwatertablemin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