英語專業(yè)四級(jí)考試語法詞匯講座王憲

專四語法詞匯講座王憲題型題數(shù)計(jì)分比重考試時(shí)間

客觀題301515%15min.2005-2010年語法結(jié)構(gòu)題考點(diǎn)分布年份050607080910狀語從句21521動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)43412非謂語動(dòng)詞113131虛擬語氣223111比較結(jié)構(gòu)11421代詞21223情態(tài)動(dòng)詞132121倒裝1112形容詞、副詞231122005-2010年語法結(jié)構(gòu)題考點(diǎn)分布其他：名詞性從句、定語從句、反意疑問句、主謂一致、句子基本成分、介詞、并列結(jié)構(gòu)、插入語，等等。狀語從句主要九大類：讓步、條件、比較、方式、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果讓步狀語從句although,though,eventhough,evenif,while,as,forall,muchas,whatever,whenever,wherever,whichever,howeverBeherichorpoor，I’llmarryhimallthesame.(=nomatterheisrichorpoor)FoolasJaneis,shecouldnothavedonesuchathing.Forallhisnotablecontributions,heisreadytoacceptsuggestionsfromdifferentsources.MuchasIlikeeconomics,Ilikesociologymuchbetter.狀語從句中who/what/when…+ever

=nomatterwho/what/when…Wecanassignthetaskto___iscapabletrustworthy.

(94/54)A.whomeverB.whoC.whomD.whoever

但，注意區(qū)別下面的句子：

條件狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞as/solongas,otherwise,or,if，unless（=ifnot）,onconditionthat,providing/provided/giventhat,suppose/supposing(that),incaseWe’llvisitEuropenextyear_____wehaveenoughmoney.

A)lestB)untilC)unlessD)provided

“如果有足夠的錢，我們明年將訪問歐洲”。

分詞連詞–provided(that)I’llcomeprovided(providing)(that)youletmeknowingoodtime.Providedwedrewusefullessonsfromthem,wemayturndifficultiestogoodaccount.Givenhissupport,Ithinkwe’llwintheelection.

“如果獲得他的支持，我想我們會(huì)贏得這次選舉?！?/p>

[介][連詞]–given(that)___time,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.

A.HavingB.Given

C.Giving

D.Had

I’lllendyouthebookoncondition(that)youreturnitonMonday.只要你能在星期一還我，這書我可以借給你。連詞–oncondition(that)其他狀語從句AistoB___CistoD.

Intellectistothemind___sightistothebody.

(2001/45)

智力對(duì)于大腦，就像視力對(duì)于軀體一樣。

what引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)類比性狀語從句，說明主句行為的方式、方法，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“AistoBwhatCistoD”，意思是“A對(duì)于B來說，就像C對(duì)于D一樣”。

A)whatB)asC)thatD)likeMoreExamples:TothePortuguese,thedrysaltedcodiswhatpastaistotheItalians.

(Lu:ECD)Enginesaretomachineswhatheartsaretoanimals.

(JianhongDict.)2isto4as8isto16.(或As2isto4,(so)8isto16.)2比4等于8比16.(Lu:ECD)MoreExamples:AistoBwhatCistoD也可作WhatAistoB,(that)CistoD.AistoBasCistoD也可作AsAistoB,(so)CistoD.（復(fù)合）連詞–inthat

表原因Barryhadanadvantageoverhismother___hecouldspeakFrench.

(01/49)

A.sincethatB.inthat

C.atthatD.sothat

Liquidsarelikesolids_____theyhaveadefinitevolume.

A.inthat

B.forthat

C.withthatD.atthat連詞–themoment/theinstant

…

一…就Youseethelightning_____ithappens,butyouhearthethunderlater.

A.theinstantB.foraninstantC.ontheinstantD.inaninstant

“閃電一發(fā)生你就看到閃光，但過一會(huì)兒你才聽到雷聲”。

Themomentthespeaker

appearedontheplatform,weallstoodupandclappedwarmly.

Everytimewehaddifficulties,theoldprofessorwouldcometohelp.

我們一碰到困難，這位老教授就來幫助我們。EverytimeIcome,heisreading.

我每一次來，他都在讀書。連詞–everytime每當(dāng)比較結(jié)構(gòu)CCE3-10,3-12,4-10注意兩個(gè)詞：than，as(CCE

4-7)；并注意區(qū)別這兩個(gè)詞的其他用法另：such&so（CCE3-11）less/more…than…(1)

Thereoughttobelessanxietyovertheperceivedriskofmountainclimbingthan___inthepublicmindtoday.

(99/46)

A)exists

B)existC)existingD)toexist

WesternNebraskagenerallyreceiveslesssnowthan_____EasternNebraska.

(96/50)A)inB)itreceivesin

C)does

D)itdoes

inless/more…than…(2)

Theindoorswimmingpoolseemstobeagreatdealmoreluxuriousthan___.

(98/44)

A.isnecessary

B.beingnecessary

C.tobenecessaryD.itisnecessary

Theexperimentrequiresmoremoneythan_____.(02/49)A.havebeenputinB.beingputin

C.hasbeenputinD.tobeputin與than有關(guān)的其他結(jié)構(gòu)nomorethan

nomore…than

nootherthannobetterthan

noless…than

nolessthanother/ratherthan

not…anymorethanFatcannotchangeintomuscle____musclechangesintofat.

(99/44)

A.anymorethanB.nomorethanC.nolessthanD.muchmorethan

“兩者都不…”;“不…也不…”

HeisnotapoetanymorethanIamanovelist.

他不是詩(shī)人正如我不是小說家一樣。nomore...than

(=not...anymorethan)

“和……一樣不”。than前后都是否定的含義。Awhaleisnomoreafishthanahorseis.=Awhaleisnotafishanymorethanahorseis.鯨和馬都不是魚。(鯨之非魚類，正如馬之非魚類。)MyelderbrotherisnomoreasingerthanIam.

我哥哥和我都不是歌唱家。

nomorethan只，僅僅，只不過是

(=only)，后面接名詞或數(shù)詞，在句中起形容詞作用。例如：

Thestreetisnomorethantwomileslong.這條大街只有兩英里長(zhǎng)。

Whatheissayingisnomorethanajoke.他所講的只不過是個(gè)玩笑而已。nootherthan只有，正是。它常用來加強(qiáng)語氣，多用于書面語。

Themurdererturnedouttobenootherpersonthantheinspectorhimself.

結(jié)果是，那個(gè)殺人犯不是別人，正是巡官自己。

Themanwasnone

otherthanmyhusband.那個(gè)人(不是別人)正是我的丈夫。nobetterthan

和……一樣，

實(shí)際上等于(practicallythesameas)

Amanwhocannotreadandwriteisnobetterthantheblind.不識(shí)字的人跟瞎子沒有兩樣。

Thepatientisnobetterthanhewasyesterday.病人的情況和昨天一樣。

noless...than

和……一樣，不遜于。其中的than前后都是肯定的意思。Thispersonisnolessdiligentthanheusedtobe.這個(gè)人和從前一樣勤奮。Thetechniqueofwritingisnolessdifficultthanthatoftheotherarts.寫作技巧和其他藝術(shù)技巧一樣困難。

Sunlightisnolessnecessarythanfreshairtoahealthybody.日光和新鮮空氣對(duì)身體健康是同樣必不可少的。

noless...thanJohnis____hardworkingthanhissister,buthefailedintheexam.

(98/41)

A.nolessB.nomoreC.notlessD.nosonolessthan

多達(dá)，竟有……之多，不下于(asmanyas,asmuchas)。Hewonnolessthan1000Yuaninthelottery.他居然中了一千元的獎(jiǎng)券。

Thebankpayshimayearlysalaryofnolessthan90,000.

銀行給他的年薪竟高達(dá)九萬。

otherthan/ratherthan

otherthan

意思是：不同于，除……之外；ratherthan意思是：而不是。Innocountry___Britain,ithasbeensaid,canoneexperiencefourseasonsinthecourseofasingleday.

A)otherthanB)morethanC)betterthanD)ratherthan

除了在英國(guó)，一個(gè)人不可能在其它國(guó)家在一天內(nèi)經(jīng)歷四季。Itisnotsomuchthelanguage___theculturalbackgroundthatmakesthebookdifficulttounderstand.

(99/45)

A.but

B.nor

C.as

D.like與as有關(guān)的結(jié)構(gòu)(1)notsomuchAasB:與其說是A，倒不如說是B；不是…而是…She’snotsomuchpoorascarelesswithmoney.

她倒不是窮而是太不在乎錢了。與as有關(guān)的結(jié)構(gòu)(2)Shedidherwork___hermanagerhadinstructed.

(02/41)

A.as

B.until

C.when

D.though

As作連詞Doastheteachersays.Whydidn’tyoudoasyouwereinstructedtodo?

Carefulsurveyshaveindicatedthatasmanyas50percentofpatientsdonottakedrugs

asdirected.

與as有關(guān)的結(jié)構(gòu)(3)Fool___Janeis,shecouldnothavedonesuchathing.

(02/48)

A.who

B.as

C.that

D.like

As引出讓步狀語時(shí),要求句子部分倒裝。Richasheis,heisnothappy.Inexperiencedasshewas,shedidagoodjob.

Suchpeopleasyoudescribearerarenowadays.Let’sdiscussonlysuchquestionsasconcerneveryoneofus.Heopposedtheidea,ascouldbeexpected.Shewasnotunconscious,ascouldbejudgedfromhereyes.Asmightbeexpected,theresponsetothequestionwasverymixed.Asisknowntotheworld,MarkTwainisagreatAmericanwriter.as引起定語從句(4)非謂語動(dòng)詞四種形式：不定式，動(dòng)名詞，分詞，獨(dú)立主格

（非謂語動(dòng)詞使用時(shí)有時(shí)也涉及到時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)的問題）不定式短語不定式與疑問詞連用在某些動(dòng)詞后作賓語Hewilladviseyouwhethertodoit.We’dbetterfindoutwheretoputit.Haveyoudecidedwhentoholdtheparty?Shewilltellyouwhichbustotake.DoyouknowhowtoexpresstheideasinEnglish?不定式短語TheClarkshaven’tdecidedyetwhichhotel___.(98/49)A.tostayB.istostay

C.tostayatD.isforstaying…issaidto…AIDS

issaid

___thenumber-onekillerofbothmenandwomenoverthepastfewyearsintheregion.

(02/46)

A.being

B.tobe

C.tohavebeen

D.havingbeenProfessorJohnson

issaid

___somesignificantadvanceinhisresearchinthepastyear.

(99/43)

A.havingmadeB.making

C.tohavemade

D.tomake獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)

（AbsoluteConstruction）在用分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，它邏輯上的主語一般必須與句子的主語一致。例如：

Seeingthosepictures(=whenhesawthosepictures),hecouldn’thelpthinkingofthosememorabledaystheyspenttogether.

Seenfromthehill,thetownlooksmagnificent.但有時(shí)它也可以有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯上的主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)(AbsoluteConstruction)。例如：

Herushedintotheroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.

Weatherpermitting,we’llhaveanoutingtomorrow.

Allthingsconsidered,herpaperisofgreatervaluethanyours.

獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)

（AbsoluteConstruction）There___nothingmorefordiscussion,themeetingcametoanendhalfanhourearlier.

(00/45)

A.tobeB.tohavebeenC.beingD.be獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)

（AbsoluteConstruction）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)過去某動(dòng)作發(fā)生的可能性時(shí)，就表示的可能性程度而言，must最大，could其次，may更次之，might最小。例如：“IwonderhowTomknewaboutyourpast.”“Hemust/could/may/mighthaveheardofitfromMary.”

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Mary’sscoreonthetestisthehighestinherclass.She____havestudiedveryhard.

A)mayB)shouldC)mustD)oughttoYou____Markanything.Itwasnoneofhisbusiness.

A)needn’thavetoldB)needn’ttellC)mustn’thavetoldD)mustn’ttellThemeeting’sbeencancelled.Ann___allthatwork.(95/55)

A)needtodo

B)needhave

C)needn’thavedoneD)needednottodo“Shemustbeinthedormitorynow.”“No,she___bethere.Isawherintheclassroomaminuteago.”

A.mustn’t

B.can’t

C.couldn’t

D.wouldn’t

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should

有時(shí)從句中的謂語由should加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，句子謂語卻不一定用虛擬語氣，這種情況實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性雖然較小，但也不是完全沒有.

Askhertoringmeupifyoushouldseeher.你萬一見到她，請(qǐng)讓她給我打電話。

ShouldI(IfIshould)befreetomorrow,Iwillcome.如果/萬一明天我有時(shí)間我就來。

Shouldshecall,whatwill(would)Isay?她要是打電話來，我怎么說？▲情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞完成式的結(jié)構(gòu)（對(duì)過去行為或動(dòng)作的推測(cè)或評(píng)論）musthavedone對(duì)過去事實(shí)肯定的猜測(cè)，“一定發(fā)生了”；其否定意思“一定沒發(fā)生”用can’t/couldn’thavedone結(jié)構(gòu)。could/may/mighthavedone不太肯定的推測(cè)，“很可能，或許發(fā)生了”should/oughttohavedone表示“本來應(yīng)該發(fā)生而事實(shí)上卻未發(fā)生”needn’thavedone表示“本不必做而事實(shí)上卻做了”情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞完成式(1)

musthavedone表示對(duì)過去某事的肯定猜測(cè)。其否定或疑問形式都用can(could)來表示。

Sincetheroadiswet,itmusthaverainedlastnight.Hecan’thavemissedtheway.Idrewhimamap.“Thedictionaryhasdisappeared.Whocouldhavetakenit?”情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞完成式(2)

may/mighthavedone表示推測(cè)過去某事“也許”發(fā)生了。may比

might表示的可能性在說話人看來稍大些

。

Ican’tfindmykeys.Imay/mighthaveleftthemattheschoolyesterday.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞完成式(3)

couldhavedone

在肯定句型中,往往用作委婉的批評(píng)。本應(yīng)該做什么，而沒做;有時(shí)也用作猜測(cè)。

Youcouldhavetoldusearlier.Tomcouldhavetakenthedictionary.

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞完成式(4)

oughtto/shouldhavedone和

oughtnotto/shouldn’thavedone用于對(duì)已發(fā)生的情況表示“責(zé)備”、“不滿”，分別表示“本應(yīng)該…”和“本不應(yīng)該…”。

Withalltheworkfinished,Ishouldhavegonetothepartylastnight.Yououghtnottohavemadefunofhim.Heisnottheoneyoulaughatbutlearnfrom.

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞完成式(5)

needn’thavedone表示過去做了某事，但沒有做的必要，意為“本沒必要…”。

Youneedn’thavewakenmeup;Idon’thavetogotoworktoday.

1.主從句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)

（if,unless,otherwise

等引導(dǎo)；倒裝）2.名詞性從句的虛擬形式

（shoulddo）3.含蓄虛擬條件句的謂語動(dòng)詞形式

（without,butfor,butthat…,but,etc.）4.其他常用虛擬形式的句型（Iwish…）（Itistimethat…

）etc.虛擬語氣其他AttributiveClause(1)I’veneverbeentoLhasa,butthat’sthecity___.(99/47)

A.I’dmostliketovisit

B.whichIliketovisitmostlyC.whereIliketovisitD.I’dlikemuchtovisit

IhaveneverbeentoLondon,butthatisthecity___.

(97/50)

A.whereIliketovisitmost

B.I’dmostliketovisit

C.whichIliketovisitmostlyD.whereI’dlikemosttovisit

AttributiveClause(2)Sherememberedseveraloccasionsinthepast___shehadexperiencedasimilarfeeling.(98/42)

A.whichB.beforeC.thatD.when

Thephysicisthasmadeadiscovery,____ofgreatimportancetotheprogressofscienceandtechnology.

(97/45)

A.IthinkwhichisB.thatIthinkis

C.whichIthinkisD.whichIthinkitis

AttributiveClause(3)Thiscompanyhasnowintroducedapolicy____payrisesarerelatedtoperformanceatwork.(96/44)

A.whichB.where

C.whetherD.whatMoreExamples:ThereisonepointwhereI’dlikeyouradvice.(ZhangDZ,p566)‘where’是一個(gè)副詞，在從句中只能充當(dāng)狀語，意思和there差不多，如果在從句中不是充當(dāng)狀語就不能用它。比較：Thisistheplace(which)I’velongwantedtovisit.Thisistheplace(where)wemetyesterday.附加疑問句Do

helpyourselftosomefruit,_____you?

(00/44)

A.can’t

B.don’t

C.wouldn’t

D.won’t

Whenyouhavefinishedwiththatvideotape,

don’t

forgettoputitinmydrawer,___?

(97/42)

A.doyou

B.willyou

C.don’tyou

D.won’tyou在由“祈使句+附加疑問”構(gòu)成的附加疑問句中，附加疑問部分一般用willyou,won’tyou,wouldyou等。附加疑問句Shewouldhavebeenmoreagreeableifshehadchangedalittlebit,wouldn’tshe?Idon’tthinkhewillcome,willhe?YouandIcouldhardlyunderstand,couldwe?Thereusedtobepetrolstationnearthepark,didn’tthere/usedn’tthere?在含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句型中（注意區(qū)分兩種）在Iwish結(jié)構(gòu)中：mayI在Iam結(jié)構(gòu)中：aren’tI和amI在不定代詞作主語時(shí)

1.anything,everything,nothing,something--〉it2.anyon