20156月英語四六級閱讀理解答案

...wd......wd......wd...四級第二套SectionCPassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Acrosstherichworld,well-educatedpeopleincreasinglyworklongerthantheless-skilled.Some65%ofAmericanmenaged62-74withaprofessionaldegreeareintheworkforce,comparedwith32%ofmenwithonlyahigh-schoolcertificate.Thisgapispartofadeepeningdividebetweenthewell-educatedwell-offandtheunskilledpoor.Rapidtechnologicaladvancehasraisedtheincomesofthehighlyskilledwhilesqueezingthoseoftheunskilled.Theconsequences,forindividualsandsociety,areprofound.Theworldisfacinganastonishingriseintheofoldpeople,andtheywilllivelongerthaneverbefore.Overthenext20yearstheglobalpopulationofthoseaged65ormorewillalmostdouble,from600millionto1.1billion.Theexperienceofthe20thcentury,whengreaterlongevity(長壽)translatedintomoreyearsinretirementratherthanmoreyearsatwork,haspersuadedmanyobserversthatthisshiftwillleadtoslowereconomicgrowth,whiletheswellingranksofpensionerswillcreategovernmentbudgetproblems.Butthenotionofasharpdivisionbetweentheworkingyoungandtheidleoldmissesanewtrend,thegrowinggapbetweentheskilledandtheunskilled.Employmentratesarefailingamongyoungerunskilledpeople,whereasolderskilledfolkareworkinglonger.ThedivideismostextremeinAmerica,wherewell-educatedbaby-boomers(二戰(zhàn)后生育頂峰期出生的美國人)areputtingoffretirementwhilemanyless-skilledyoungerpeoplehaveabandonedpoliciesthatusedXtoretireearly.Risinglifeexpectancy(預(yù)期生命),combinedwiththereplace-Xpensionplanswithlessgenerousdefined-contributionones,meansthateventhebetter-offmustworklongertohaveacomfortableretirement.Butthechangingnatureofworkalsoplaysabigrole.Payhasrisensharplyforthehighlyeducated,andthosepeoplecontinuetoreaprichrewardsintooldagebecausethesedaystheeducatedelderlyaremoreproductivethattheprecedinggeneration.Technologicalchargemaywellreinforcethatshift;theskillsthatcomplementcomputers,frommanagementknowhowtocreativity,donotnecessarilydeclinewithage.57.Whatishappeningintheworkforceinrichcountries?A.Youngerpeoplearereplacingtheelderly.B.Well-educatedpeopletendtoworklonger.C.Unemploymentratesarerisingyearafteryear.D.Peoplewithnocollagedegreedonoteasilyfindwork.【答案】B58.Whathashelpeddeepenthedividebetweenthewell-offandthepoor?A.Longerlifeexpectancies.B.Arapidtechnologicaladvance.C.Profoundchangesintheworkforce.D.Agrowingnumberofthewell-educated.【答案】B59.Whatdomanyobserverspredictinviewoftheexperienceoftheexperienceofthe20thcentury?A.Economicgrowthwillslowdown.B.Governmentbudgetswillincrease.C.Morepeoplewilltrytopursuehighereducation.D.Therewillbemorecompetitioninthejobmarket.【答案】A60.WhatistheresultofpolicychangesinEuropeancountries?A.Unskilledworkersmaychoosetoretireearly.B.Morepeoplehavetoreceivein-servicetraining.C.Evenwealthypeoplemustworklongertolivecomfortablyinretirement.D.Peoplemaybeabletoenjoygenerousdefined-benefitsfrompensionplans.【答案】C61.Whatischaracteristicofworkinthe21stcentury?A.Computerswilldomorecomplicatedwork.B.Morewillbetheeducatedyoung.C.Mostjobstobedonewillbecreativeones.D.Skillsarehighlyvaluedregardlessofage.【答案】DPassageTwoQuestions62to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Someoftheworld'smostsignsignificantproblemshitheadlines.Oneexamplecomesfromagriculture.Foodriotsandhungermakenews.Butthetrendlyingbehindthesemattersisrarelytalkedabout.Thisisthedeclineinthegrowthinyieldsofsomeoftheworld'smajorcrops.AnewstudybytheUniversityofMinnesotaandMcGillUniversityinMontreallooksatwhere,andhowfar,thisdeclineisoccurring.Theauthorstakeavastnumberofdatapointsforthefourmostimportantcrops:rice,wheat,cornandsoyabeans(大豆).Theyfindthatonbetween24%and39%ofallharvestedareas,theimprovementinyieldsthattookplacebeforethe1980ssloweddowninthe1990sand2000s.Therearetwoworryingfeaturesoftheslowdown.Oneisthatithasbeenparticularlysharpintheworld'smostpopulous(人口多的)countries,IndiaandChina.Theirabilitytofeedthemselveshasbeenanimportantsourceofrelativestabilitybothwithinthecountriesandonworldfoodmarkets.Thatself-sufficiencycannotbetakenforgrantedifyieldscontinuetoslowdownorreverse.Second,yieldgrowthhasbeenlowerinwheatandricethanincornandsoyabeans.Thisisproblematicbecausewheatandricearemoreimportantasfoods,accountingforaroundhalfofallcaloriesconsumed.Cornandsoyabeansaremoreimportantasfeedgrains.Theauthorsnotethat"wehavepreferentiallyfocusedourcropimprovementeffortsonfeedinganimalsandcarsratherthanoncropsthatfeedpeopleandarethebasisoffoodsecurityinmuchoftheworld."Thereportqualifiesthemoreoptimisticfindingsofanothernewpaperwhichsuggeststhattheworldwillnothavetodigupalotmorelandforfarminginordertofeed9billionpeoplein2050,astheFoodandAgricultureOrganisationhasargued.Instead,itsays,thankstoslowingpopulationgrowth,landcurrentlyploughedupforcropsmightbeabletorevert(回返)toforestorwilderness.Thiscouldhappen.Thetroubleisthattheforecastassumescontinuedimprovementsinyields,whichmaynotactuallyhappen.62.Whatdoestheauthortrytodrawattentionto?A.Foodriotsandhungerintheworld.B.Thedeclineofthegrainyieldgrowth.C.Newsheadlinesintheleadingmedia.D.Thefoodsupplyinpopulouscountries.【答案】B63.WhydoestheauthormentionIndiaandChinainparticular?A.Theirself-sufficiencyisvitaltothestabilityofworldfoodmarkets.B.Theirfoodyieldshavebeguntodecreasesharplyinrecentyears.C.Theirbigpopulationsarecausingworldwideconcerns.D.Theirfoodself-sufficiencyhasbeentakenforgranted.【答案】A64.Whatdoesthenewstudybythetwouniversitiessayaboutrecentcropimprovementefforts?A.Theyfailtoproducethesameremarkableresultsasbeforethe1980s.B.Theycontributealottotheimprovementofhumanfoodproduction.C.Theyplayamajorroleinguaranteeingthefoodsecurityoftheworld.D.theyfocusmoreontheincreaseofanimalfeedthanhumanfoodgrains.【答案】D65.WhatdoestheFoodandAgricultureOrganisationsayaboutworldfoodproductioninthecomingdecades?A.Thegrowingpopulationwillgreatlyincreasethepressureonworldfoodsupplies.B.Theoptimisticpredictionaboutfoodproductionshouldbeviewedwithcaution.C.Theslowdownofthegrowthinyieldsofmajorfoodcropswillbereversed.D.Theworldwillbeabletofeeditspopulationwithoutincreasingfarmland.【答案】D66.HowdoestheauthorviewtheargumentoftheFoodandAgricultureOrganisation?A.Itisbuiltonthefindingsofanewstudy.B.Itisbasedonadoubtfulassumption.C.Itisbackedbystrongevidence.D.Itisopentofurtherdiscussion.【答案】B四級第一套SectionCPassageOneQuestion57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ifyouthinkahigh-factorsunscreen(防曬霜)keepsyousafefromharmfulrays,youmaybewrong.Researchinthisweek'sNatureshowsthatwhilefactor50reducesthenumberofmelanomas(黑瘤)anddelaystheiroccurrence,itcan'tpreventthem.Melanomasarethemostaggressiveskincancers.Youhaveahigherriskifyouhaveredorblondhair,fairskin,blueorgreeneyes,orsunburneasily,orifacloserelativehashadone.Melanomasaremorecommonifyouhaveperiodicintenseexposuretothesun.Otherskincancersareincreasinglylikelywithlong-termexposure.Thereiscontinuingdebateastohoweffectivesunscreenisinreducingmelanomas—theevidenceisweakerthanitisforpreventingothertypesofskincancer.A2011Australianstudyof1,621peoplefoundthatpeoplerandomlyselectedtoapplysunscreendailyhadhalftherateofmelanomasofpeoplewhousedcreamasneeded.Asecondstudy,comparing1,167peoplewithmelanomasto1,101whodidn'thavethecancer,foundthatusingsunscreenroutinely,alongsideotherprotectionsuchashats,longsleevesorstayingintheshade,didgivesomeprotection.Thisstudysaidotherformsofsunprotection—notsunscreen—seemedmostbeneficial.Thestudyreliedonpeoplerememberingwhattheyhaddoneovereachdecadeoftheirlives,soit'snotentirelyreliable.Butitseemsreasonabletothinksunscreengivespeopleafalsesenseofsecurityinthesun.Manypeoplealsodon'tusesunscreenproperly-applyinginsufficientamounts,failingtoreapplyafteracoupleofhoursandstayinginthesuntoolong.Itissunburnthatismostworrying-recentshowsfiveepisodesofsunburnintheteenageyearsincreasestheriskofallskincancers.Thegoodnewsisthatacombinationofsunscreenandcoveringupcanreducemelanomarates,asshownbyAustralianfiguresfromtheirslip-slop-slapcampaign.Soifthereisaheatwavethissummer,itwouldbebestforus,too,tosliponashirt,slopon(抹上)sunscreenandslaponahat.57.【題干】Whatispeople'scommonexpectationofahigh-factorsunscreen?A.Itwilldelaytheoccurrenceofskincancer.B.Itwillprotectthemfromsunburn.C.Itwillkeeptheirskinsmoothandfair.D.Itwillworkforpeopleofanyskincolor.【答案】B58.【題干】WhatdoestheresearchinNaturesayaboutahigh-factorsunscreen?A.Itisineffectiveinpreventingmelanomas.B.Itisineffectiveincaseofintensesunlight.C.Itisineffectivewithlong-termexposure.D.Itisineffectiveforpeoplewithfairskin.【答案】C59.【題干】Whatdowelearnfromthe2011Australianstudyof1,621people?A.Sunscreenshouldbeappliedalongsideotherprotectionmeasures.B.High-riskpeoplebenefitthemostfromtheapplicationofsunscreen.C.Irregularapplicationofsunscreendoeswomenmoreharmthangood.D.Dailyapplicationofsunscreenhelpsreducetheincidenceofmelanomas.【答案】D60.【題干】WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthesecondAustralianstudy?A.Itmisleadspeopletorelyonsunscreenforprotection.B.Ithelpspeopletoselectthemosteffectivesunscreen.C.Itisnotbasedondirectobservationofthesubjects.D.ItconfirmstheresultsofthefirstAustralianstudy.【答案】D61.【題干】Whatdoestheauthorsuggesttoreducemelanomarates?A.Usingbothcoveringupandsunscreen.B.Stayingintheshadewheneverpossible.C.Usingcoveringupinsteadofsunscreen.D.Applyingtherightamountofsunscreen.【答案】APassageTwoQuestions62to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Acrosstherichworld,well-educatedpeopleincreasinglyworklongerthantheless-skilled.Some65%ofAmericanmenaged62-74withaprofessionaldegreeareintheworkforce,comparedwith32%ofmenwithonlyahigh-schoolcertificate.Thisgapispartofadeepeningdividebetweenthewell-educatedwell-offandtheunskilledpoor.Rapidtechnologicaladvancehasraisedtheincomesofthehighlyskilledwhilesqueezingthoseoftheunskilled.Theconsequences,forindividualsandsociety,areprofound.Theworldisfacinganastonishingriseinthenumberofoldpeople,andtheywilllivelongerthaneverbefore.Overthenext20yearstheglobalpopulationofthoseaged65ormorewillalmostdouble,from600millionto1.1billion.Theexperienceofthe20thcentury,whengreaterlongevity(長壽)translatedintomoreyearsinretirementratherthanmoreyearsatwork,haspersuadedmanyobserversthatthisshiftwillleadtoslowereconomicgrowth,whiletheswellingranksofpensionerswillcreategovernmentbudgetproblems.Butthenotionofasharpdivisionbetweentheworkingyoungandtheidleoldmissesanewtrend,thegrowinggapbetweentheskilledandtheunskilledpeople,whereasolderskilledfolkareworkinglonger.ThedivideismostextremeinAmerica,wherewell-educatedbaby-boomers(二戰(zhàn)后生育頂峰期出生的美國人)areputtingoffretirementwhilemanyless-skilledyoungerpeoplehavedroppedoutoftheworkforce.Policyispartlyresponsible.ManyEuropeangovernmentshaveabandonedpoliciesthatusedtoencouragepeopletoretireearly.Risinglifeexpectancy(預(yù)期壽命),combinedwiththereplacementofgenerousdefined-benefitpensionplanswithlessgenerousdefined-contributionones,meansthateventhebetter-offmustworklongertohaveacomfortableretirement.Butthechangingnatureofworkalsoplaysabigrole.Payhasrisensharplyforthehighlyeducated,andthosepeoplecontinuetoreaprichrewardsintooldagebecausethesedaystheeducatedelderlyaremoreproductivethantheprecedinggeneration.Technologicalchangemaywellreinforcethatshift:theskillsthatcomplementcomputers,frommanagementknowhowtocreativity,donotnecessarilydeclinewithage.62.【題干】Whatishappeningintheworkforceinrichcountries?A.Youngerpeoplearereplacingtheelderly.B.Well-educatedpeopletendtoworklonger.C.Unemploymentratesarerisingyearafteryear.D.Peoplewithnocollegedegreedonoteasilyfindwork.【答案】B63.【題干】Whathashelpeddeepenthedividebetweenthewell-offandthepoor?A.Longerlifeexpectancies.B.Profoundchangesintheworkforce.C.Arapidtechnologicaladvance.D.Agrowingnumberofthewell-educated.【答案】C64.【題干】Whatdomanyobserverspredictinviewoftheexperienceofthe20thcentury?A.Economicgrowthwillslowdown.B.Governmentbudgetswillincrease.C.Morepeoplewilltrytopursuehighereducation.D.Therewillbemorecompetitioninthejobmarket.【答案】A65.【題干】WhatistheresultofpolicychangesinEuropeancountries?A.Unskilledworkersmaychoosetoretireearly.B.Morepeoplehavetoreceivein-servicetraining.C.Evenwealthypeoplemustworklongertolivecomfortablyinretirement.D.Peoplemaybeabletoenjoygenerousdefined-benefitsfrompensionplans.【答案】C66.【題干】Whatischaracteristicofworkinthe21stcentury?A.Computerswilldomorecomplicatedwork.B.Morewillbetake