高考閱讀理解分類講解

第一章閱讀理解專題1編輯pptWarmingup1.Asayounggirlgrowingupinthe1930s,Ialwayswantedtoflyaplane,butbackthenitwasalmostunheardofforawomantodothat.Igotatasteofthatdreamin2011，whenmyhusbandarrangedformetorideinahotairballoonformybirthday.（2011年高考英語北京A篇）Q:Whathappenedtotheauthorin2011？A.Sheflewanairplane.B.Sheenteredacompetition.C.Shewentonahotairballoonride.D.Shemovedintoaretirementcommunity.__________2編輯pptHelongsforconversationswithaneditorwhowillhelphimturnhisgoodideasintogreatones.Hewantssomeonetogetexcitedaboutwhathe'sdoingandtohelphimturnhisstoryideaupsidedownandinsideout，exploringthebestwaystoreportit.Hewantstobemorevaluableforyourpaper.（2010年高考英語北京B篇）Q:Whatdoesthereporterwantmostfromhiseditorsintheirtalks？A.Findingthenewsvalueofhisstories.B.Givinghimfinancialsupport.C.Helpinghimtofindissues.D.Improvinghisgoodideas.____________________________________________________________3編輯pptSheturnedupatthedoorstepofmyhouseinCornwall.NowaycouldIhavesentheraway.Noway,notmeanyway.Maybesomeonehadkickedheroutoftheircarthenightbefore.“We'removinghouse”;“Nospaceforheranymorewiththebabycoming.”“Weneverreallywantedher，butwhatcouldwehavedone？Shewasapresent.”Peoplefindallsortsofexcusesforabandoningananimal.AndshewasoneofthemostbeautifuldogsIhadeverseen.Q:HowdidtheauthorfeelaboutGoldiewhenGoldiecametothehouse？（2010年高考英語北京A篇）A.Shocked.

B.Sympathetic.

C.Annoyed.

D.Upset.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4編輯pptStep1:閱讀理解文章體裁分析記敘文：往往按時間順序展開段落，文章有明顯表示時間先后的詞語。閱讀時抓住時間這條主線，弄清who、what、where、why與how。描寫文：通過細節(jié)的描寫，以畫面的方式來反應事物的特征、性質(zhì)。對這種文章要迅速弄清其主題，主題詞往往出現(xiàn)在各個句子里，貫穿文章的始末；緊圍繞這個主題進行閱讀，找到文章與之有關的信息，并確定信息與主題的關系。5編輯ppt說明文：多見于科普文章，用以解釋或揭示事物的狀態(tài)、特征、演變、結果及其相互之間的關系，這類文體的文章，首句往往是主題句，開門見山，說明文章的關注對象：弄清作者的思路和段落組織的方式；把握次要信息及其與主題的關系。6編輯ppt議論文：閱讀難在這種文章處處都滲透作者的個人觀點、態(tài)度。閱讀議論文應該從文體的寫作和結構特點入手.文章的結構往往容易把握，主題句開門見山。作者往往通過信號詞(signalwords或transitionalwords)和關聯(lián)詞(referents來組織段落、文章，對信號詞的迅速反應和對關聯(lián)詞的準確判斷是至關重要的；要特別注意區(qū)分作者的觀點與文章里所提到的人物的觀點，同時注意作者所使用的表示贊同、反對等感情色彩的詞匯。7編輯pptStep2:閱讀理解命題方式（一）細節(jié)理解題1)WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtotheinformationinthepassage?(三正一誤)2)Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingexcept...（三正一誤）3)Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?（三誤一正）

4)Thewritermentionsalloftheitemslistedbelowexcept______.（三正一誤）5)Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassage?（三誤一正）8編輯ppt6)Whatistheexampleof...asdescribedinthepassage?（三誤一正）7)Thereasonfor...is...（三誤一正）8)Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc.)...（三誤一正）9)Fromthepassageweknowthat______.（三誤一正）10)Inthepassage,theauthorstatesthat______.（三誤一正）9編輯ppt當堂導練一：Q：WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.B.LuoLinmovedtoHongKongwithherparents.C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.10編輯ppt（二）主旨大意題1）Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageisabout____．2）Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthethemeofthepassage？3）Inthispassagetheauthordiscussesprimarily____．4）Thepassageismostlyabout____．5）Thepassageismainlyconcernedabout____．11編輯ppt6）Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage？7）Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage？

8）Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis_____.9）Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto…10）Thepassageismeantto….11）Thepurposeofthisarticleisto…12編輯ppt解主題大意題時，可用以下方法：1）認真閱讀文章的第一段或每段的第一個句子。2）文章的主題作者往往有意識地反復論述。抓住反復出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。3）文章或段落的主題句常常會出現(xiàn)在一些標志性的提示后。例如：Onthewhole,inshort,therefore…,Iagreewiththeopinionthat…,Givenallthesepointsabove,Iwouldsupporttheideathat…,Forallthereasonsmentionedabove,Iwouldprefer…等后。13編輯ppt如何尋找主題句Sample1

Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaven'teatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti,eggplant,andfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast--foods:ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.

主題句在段首：一個主題句常常是一個段落的開頭，其后的句子則是論證性細節(jié)。在論說文，科技文獻和新聞報道中多采用這種格式。

_________________________________________________14編輯pptSample2Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.主題句也會出現(xiàn)在段尾。作者先擺出事實依據(jù),層層推理論證,最后自然得出結論,即段落的主題。本段的中心思想在結尾句得到體現(xiàn),它是此段內(nèi)容的結論。

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________15編輯pptSample3Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.當主題句被安排在段中間時,通常前面只提出問題，文中的主題由隨之陳述的細節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導出,而后又作進一步的解釋,支撐或發(fā)展._______________________________________________________________________________________16編輯ppt（三）推理題1)Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat______.2)Fromthetextweknowthat______.3)Thestoryimpliesthat______.4)Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybe___.5)Thewriter’sattitudetoward...is______.17編輯ppt6)Theauthorimplied（suggested）that．．．7)Itmaybeconcludedfromthepassagethat．．．8)Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport？9)Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree？18編輯ppt解推斷題應注意：(1)不能以自己的觀點代替作者的觀點；(2)推理的根據(jù)來自于上下文。3.解推斷題的方法：根據(jù)詞義關系推斷具體細節(jié)?！癥oumeanthereisnobabywhoisdying?”saidDeVincenzo.“That'sright,”saidtheofficial.“That'sthebestgoodnewsI'veheardallweek.”saidDeVincenzo.Q:ItcanbeinferredthatwhatworriedDeVincenzomostwas_______.A.thepoorwomanB.theofficial'sadviceC.thewinningcheckD.thebaby'slife19編輯pptSample2

:Q：Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintothehouse,itwas______.A.verycleanB.justcleanedbythelandlordC.tidyandcomfortableD.dirtyandfullofinsects20編輯ppt（四）觀點態(tài)度題1)Theauthorseemstothinkthat______.2)Thewriteristryingtopresentapointofviewin______.3)Theauthorwantstoappealto_______.4)Theauthor’sstyleis______.21編輯ppt5)Theauthor’stonewouldbebestdescribedas_______.6)Whatistheauthor’sopinionof______?7)Thewriterbelievethat________?8)Intheauthor'sopinion_________?22編輯ppt確定作者態(tài)度，可以有兩種思路1）問全文主體事物的(包括主題)，可以根據(jù)闡述主題或有關主體事物的相關句中的形容詞、副詞或動詞確定作者的態(tài)度；2）如果問的是對某一具體事物的態(tài)度，則可以定位到具體相關句，然后確定答案。Sample1:Q：Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintothehouse,itwas______.A.verycleanB.justcleanedbythelandlordC.tidyandcomfortableD.dirtyandfullofinsects23編輯ppt（五）判斷詞義題1）Theunderlinedword（phrase）inthepassagemeans____．2）Theword"it（them）"inthefirstparagraphrefersto____．

3）Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans____．4）Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraph？24編輯ppt猜詞方法:1）根據(jù)常識、經(jīng)驗猜生詞。例如：Theoldmanputonhisspectaclesandbegantoread．ThedoorwassolowthatIhittheheadonthelintel．2）根據(jù)上下文解釋做出判斷：其方法主要有：(1)根據(jù)文中的定義、解釋猜生詞。例如：Skimmingmeanslookingoverapassagequicklytogetthemainideabeforeyoubegintoreaditcarefully．Theharborisprotectedbyajetty—awallbuiltoutintothewater．（glasses）（過梁）（略讀）（碼頭）25編輯ppt(2)利用事例或解釋猜生詞。例如：Thedoctorisstudyingglaucomaandotherdiseasesoftheeye．(3)利用重復解釋的信息猜生詞。例如：Mr.Smithalwaysarriveshomepunctually，neitherearlynorlate．(4)根據(jù)同位關系進行判斷：a)…,andotherGermanicandNordicpeoples,whospokewhatwenowcallAnglo-Saxon

(orOldEnglish),aGermaniclanguage．b）The"Chunnel"，atunnelconnectingEnglandandFrance，isnowcomplete．（青光眼）（準時的）（盎格魯撒克遜語）（隧道）26編輯ppt3）利用標點符號和提示詞猜測詞義a)Oneoftheobstacles（障礙）tofalsereadingisvocalizing—sayingthewordstothemselvesinalowvoice．b)Theearlyscientificstudyofchemistry，knownasalchemy，grewupinEgyptinthefirstfewcenturiesA.D．4）根據(jù)上下文的指代關系進行選擇文章中的代詞it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that還可以指一件事。有時代詞指代的對象相隔較遠，要認真查找；也有時需要對前面提到的內(nèi)容進行總結，才能得出代詞所指代的事。（發(fā)聲）（煉金術）27編輯ppt5)根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P系進行判斷根據(jù)上下句的連接詞，如：but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意義上的差別，從而依據(jù)某一句的含義，來確定另一句的含義。分號（;）還可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對比或不相干的意義。Hehasbeengettingbetter，butduringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated．6)根據(jù)因果關系進行判斷根據(jù)原因可以預測結果，根據(jù)結果也可以找出原因。Biggestpowerfailureinthecity'shistory…Allofourice-creamandfrozenfoodsmelted．（惡化）（融化）原因結果28編輯ppt7）根據(jù)構詞法（合成、派生、轉(zhuǎn)化）進行判斷很多詞可以加前綴和后綴，從而構成一個新詞，掌握了一定的構詞法知識，就不難猜出它的詞義。MarketresearchshowsthatGoldandotherswhobuyorganicfoodcangenerallygiveclearreasonsfortheirpreferences--buttheirknowledgeoforganicfoodisfarfromcomplete．我們知道，prefer的意思是"寧愿；愿意"，根據(jù)上下文可以判斷prefer的名詞形式preference的含義應是"偏愛；愛好"。偏愛；愛好29編輯pptStep3:猜答案方法1.絕對詞否決法,答案項中有絕對語氣詞的一般不是正確答案項。這些語氣詞有:must,always,never,themost,all,only,haveto,any,no,very,completely,none,hardly等。A.Shecan’tattendhernephew’sweddingparty.B.Shevaluesthebowlfromhermotheralot.C.Sheislivingalonenearanartgallery.D.Shedoesn’tcareaboutmoneyanymore.30編輯ppt2.懷疑詞判斷法：選項中含有不十分肯定的語氣詞一般是正確答案項。這些語氣詞有can,could,may,should,usually,might,most(大多數(shù)),moreorless,relatively,belikelyto,possible,whetheror,notnecessarily等。A.zooelephantssufferlessstressthanthoseinthewild.B.elephantsarequiteeasytogetobese.C.sociallivesarenotimportanttoelephant.D.zoolifecanbestressfultoelephatn.3.關鍵詞對應法：（等號前是文章中的點，等號后是選項中點）(ABC=ABC法;ABC=A’B’C’法;ABC=CBA法;ABC≠ABD法)31編輯ppt4.選項的全面性判斷法較全面、有針對性地表達文章中心思想的，選項一般是答案項。A.tobemoresuccessfulinhiscareerB.tosolvetechnicalproblemsC.tobemorespecializedinhisfieldD.todevelophisprofessionalskill32編輯pptStep4:長、難句分析法Sample:Twenty

studentshadjustclimbedtheirwaytothetoprung(最高的臺階)outoffourmillionstudentstakingpartintheFifthNationalHuaLuogengGoldCupMathematicsContest

onTuesdayevening

atJintanCounty,JiangsuProvince.句子核心Howmany？Theresult？Doingwhat?When?Where?33編輯ppt1.翻譯：四百多萬參加“全國第五屆華羅庚數(shù)學金杯賽”中的中學生里有二十個學生在星期二于江蘇省金壇縣登上了最高的臺階。2.找出謂語動詞是抓住核心的關鍵Sometimesananimalhasaplantpartner.Therelationshipdevelopsuntilthetwopartnerscannotmanagewithout