人教版英語(yǔ)中考語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)之主謂一致及倒裝

12/12人教版Goforit英語(yǔ)中考語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)之主謂一致及倒裝主謂一致一．主謂一致的三個(gè)基本原則：A．語(yǔ)法一致。1.一致原則：主單謂單/主復(fù)謂復(fù)的基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)中。2.不一致原則：特例原則。a.不定代詞（some,any,no，every/body,one,thing,where）作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)用_____。b.主語(yǔ)后面有with,aswellas,like,except等，其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用_____________。B．意義一致。指主語(yǔ)人稱的單、復(fù)數(shù)變化根據(jù)其實(shí)際單復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)在含義決定。例如，thepolice/public/staff…，thepoor/wounded…形式上是單數(shù)，其內(nèi)含是指復(fù)數(shù)，故謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)；然而news,politics…,表面是復(fù)數(shù)，實(shí)際上指單數(shù)，故其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。C．就近一致原則。在一些固定句型中，如therebeAandB，eitherAorB,neitherAnorB,notonlyAbutalsoB的結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)由與動(dòng)詞最靠近的一項(xiàng)決定。二．主謂一致的9種?？记樾危?．表時(shí)間、數(shù)量、重量、價(jià)格、長(zhǎng)度、運(yùn)算公式等的詞或詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，形式上它們是復(fù)數(shù)，但應(yīng)該將其視作一個(gè)整體，即“三單”處理。其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也相應(yīng)使用單數(shù)形式。例如，1).Threeweeks_______ashorttime.2).47and23_______70.2．動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也相應(yīng)使用單數(shù)形式。例如，1).Tosee_______tobelieve.2).It_______noteasyforustolearnmathwell.3).It_______truethatdroppinglitteranywhereisnotright.3．由and連接的成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要根據(jù)其實(shí)際含義來(lái)決定其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)。例，1).Thefamouswriterandtheteacher_______comingheresoon.Thefamouswriterandteacher_______comingheresoon.2).Thetomatoandegg_______myfavoritedish.It’sdelicious.4．集合名詞作主語(yǔ)的幾種情況：a.thepolice/public/staff/poultry…b.thepoor/rich/dead/old/living/wounded…c.theSmiths/theTurners/theChengs…d.thefamily,team,class,group…，這組特殊詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)的變化要看其實(shí)際含義而定。表整體、稱呼時(shí)，作單數(shù)；表個(gè)體、內(nèi)容時(shí)，作復(fù)數(shù)。例如，Myfamily_______goinghikinginthemountainsnextweek.AllofusthinkthatTom’sfamily_______agoodexampletous.5．名詞性物主代詞mine,ours,yours,his,hers,theirs,its作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其單、復(fù)數(shù)的變化由其實(shí)際含義而定。例如，Hisparents_______tallandthin,whileminearetallandheavy.6．以s結(jié)尾的固有名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，但其本身算作單數(shù)，故其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。例如，news,maths,politics,physics,…7．在therebe…,herebe…；either…or…,neither…nor…,or…,notonly…butalso…等連接名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)與其最靠近的主語(yǔ)單、復(fù)數(shù)一致，即就近原則。例如，1）Here_______somepaperandtwolettersforyouonthetable,Tracy.2)NotonlymyclassmatesbutMrSmith_______(think)thefirstprizeshouldcometoourclass.8．在cupof,pairof,glassof等量詞短語(yǔ)前面有this,the或my,your,his…時(shí)，應(yīng)以cup,pair,glass為主體，而其后的名詞則為其次。例如，1).Look,thispairofshortsatthemall_______prettycheap.2).There_______twoglassesofmilkonthetable,too.9．a(chǎn).不定代詞（some--/any--/no--/every--+thing/one/body/where）作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其本身只作單數(shù)；b.單數(shù)代詞（one/each/either/neither/much）作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。1).Muchofthebread_______leftonthetablejustnow.2).Eachofus_______(have)anEnglish-Chinesedictionaryinmyclass.c.復(fù)數(shù)代詞（both,many）作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)。d.單復(fù)各表的代詞（all,some,most,any）作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)隨機(jī)應(yīng)變。例如，1).I’msurethatnotallofthework_______(have)beenfinishedalready.2).Mostofthestudents_______stillintheclassroomnow.主謂一致練習(xí)1.BothLilyandLucy_______tothepartylastweekend.A.invitedB.wasinvitedC.hadinvitedD.wereinvited2.EveryoneexceptTomandJerry_______therewhenthemeetingbegan.A.areB.isC.wasD.were3._______thebooksinourlibrary_______about20,000.A.Thenumberof,areB.Anumberof,isC.Thenumberof,isD.Anumberof,are4.HowaboutyourCDsnow,Mike?Oh,mine________oldandsomeofthem_______evenbroken.A.is,areB.is,isC.are,areD.are,is5.Theworkmen_______busy_______thesmallpartstogetherintheworkshop.A.is,withB.are,puttingC.is,puttingD.be,with6.________wassenttothatcountryafterthewarwasover.A.LotsofcoatsB.AlotoffoodC.ManykindsoffoodsD.Muchwater7.Doyouknowhowmanysheep_______inAustralia?Sorry,Idon’tknow.A.isthereB.thereareC.arethereD.thereis8.Physics_______myfavoritesubject,Ithink.A.isn’tB.doesn’tC.areD.aren’t9.DoyoulikewatchingcookingshowonTV,Mary?No.Butmytwinsister________.She’squitefondofcooking.A.isB.areC.doesD.do10.Look,someofthebread________beeneatenontheplate.A.hasn’tB.isC.haveD.aren’t11.Sorry,mycarisfull,sothere________forthisbigbox.A.arenoroomsB.islittleroomC.isafewroomD.areafewrooms12.Thenumberoftheteachersinourschoolisabout150,and_____ofthem____menteachers.A.twothirds,isB.ahalf,areC.twothird,isD.threequarters,are13.IheartheJohnsons_______inourdistrictforhalfayear.A.arelivingB.havelivedC.livesD.haslived14.Jenny_______aregoingtovisitthePalaceMuseumsoon.A.andherparentsB.aswellmumC.togetherwithMaryD.aswellasJoe15.LiLeiandIhavedecidedtogotothemountainsifit_____thisweekend.A.don’trainB.doesn’trainC.isn’trainingD.won’train16.Infact,neitherTomandLarrynorJack_____fromCanada.TheyarefromAmerica.A.comesB.comingC.comeD.came17.It’struethatfifteenandthirteen_______twenty-eight.A.areB.makesC.wereD.make18.Yes,_______toomuchisbadforyourhealth.A.eatB.ateC.eatenD.eating19.Well,_______ofthestudentswantstowatchthe2008BeijingOlympicsthissummer.A.mostB.someC.everyoneD.everyone20.InChina,alloftheold_______takengoodcareof,Ithink.A.areB.wasC.isD.being21.________thispairofshoesyours?No.Myshoes________underthebed.A.is,areB.are,isC.is,isD.are,was22．OK,I’llsaythatmyfamily________watchingtheNBAgamesatthattime.A.areB.amC.wasD.were23.Whetherwegofishingornot________ontheweather.A.dependB.dependsC.dependedD.depending24.About60percentofthestudents________fromthesouth,therestofthem________fromthenorthandforeigncountries.

A.are,is

B.are,areC.is,are

D.are,/

25.NowTomwithhisclassmates________footballontheplayground.

A.play

B.areplayingC.plays

D.isplaying倒裝英語(yǔ)句子的正常語(yǔ)序是：主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)＋（賓語(yǔ)）。即主語(yǔ)在前，謂語(yǔ)在后。但是，有時(shí)由于句子結(jié)構(gòu)的需要或者需要強(qiáng)調(diào)，這時(shí)就要采用倒裝語(yǔ)序。eg.1.Ihaveneverseenamoviesomovingbefore.（正常語(yǔ)序）＝NeverbeforehaveIseenamoviesomoving.2.Hi，Jack,hereisapostcardforyou.3.Whatareyourstudentsdoingatthemoment?4.WereIyou,Iwoulddoitbetter.5.Onlyinthiswaycanyousucceed.6.HecanspeakmuchEnghlish,socanI.*二、倒裝句：完全倒裝：又稱"全部倒裝",是指將句子中的謂語(yǔ)全部置于主語(yǔ)之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。部分倒裝：指將謂語(yǔ)的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞倒裝至主語(yǔ)之前,而謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞無(wú)變化。如果句中的謂語(yǔ)沒有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞do,does或did，并將其置于主語(yǔ)之前。英語(yǔ)句子的倒裝一是由于語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要而進(jìn)行的倒裝，二是由于修辭的需要而進(jìn)行的倒裝。前一種情況,倒裝是必須的，否則就會(huì)出現(xiàn)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤；后一種情況，倒裝是選擇性的，倒裝與否只會(huì)產(chǎn)生表達(dá)效果上的差異。only+狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句置于句首，句子用部分倒裝。例子：Onlyinthiswaycanyousolvethisproblem.只有用這種方法，你才可以解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。Onlyafterhehadspokenouttheworddidherealizehehadmadeabigmistake.只有當(dāng)他已經(jīng)說(shuō)出那個(gè)字后才意識(shí)到自己犯了個(gè)大錯(cuò)誤。2.hardly,innoway,little,scarcely,seldom,never,nomore,nolonger,not,notonly,nosooner,notonly…(butalso),notuntil…等具有否定意義的詞或詞組位于句首，句子用部分倒裝。例子：NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.我剛到家就下起了雨。SeldomdoIgotoworkbybus.我很少乘公共汽車上班。Notuntiltwelveo'clockdidshegotobedlastnight.她昨晚十二點(diǎn)才上床睡覺。3.so/such...that結(jié)構(gòu)中的so或such位于句首可以構(gòu)成部分倒裝句,表示強(qiáng)調(diào)so/such和that之間的部分。例子：Sounreasonablewashispricethateverybodystartled.他的要價(jià)太離譜，令每個(gè)人都瞠目結(jié)舌。Tosuchlengthdidshegoinrehearsalthatthetwoactorswalkedout.她的彩排進(jìn)行得那么長(zhǎng)，以致于那兩個(gè)演員都走出去了。以上各例都用倒裝語(yǔ)序突出了句首成分，其語(yǔ)氣較自然語(yǔ)序強(qiáng)烈，因而具有極佳的修辭效果。4.某些副詞開頭的句子構(gòu)成的完全倒裝here、there、now、then、thus等副詞開頭的句子可構(gòu)成完全倒裝。條件是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，如arise、be、come、exist、go、follow等。需要注意的是，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，不能構(gòu)成倒裝。例子：Herecomesourheadmaster。我們的校長(zhǎng)來(lái)了。Hereitis.在這里。Hereisyourkey.這是你的鑰匙。B.含助動(dòng)詞的倒裝句：1.在否定詞前置時(shí)（句首）：never,not,nor,neither,hardly,little,few;neverbefore,neither….nor….,notuntil…,notonly..butalso…eg.Notonlydoeshehaveasister,buthehasalittleborther.LittlecanIspeakFrench.Notuntilhesawthepresent,didshefeelhappy.Idon’tknowthatsmallvillage,nordoMikeandJack.2.由only,so前置（句首）時(shí)：eg.Onlywhenhefailed,didheknowhismistake.Sofastdoeslighttravelthatit’sdifficulttoimagineitsspeed.倒裝句練習(xí)題1.Maryneverdoesanyreadingintheevening,_______.sodoesJohnB.JohndoestooC.neitherdoesJohn2.TheyhaveagoodknowledgeofEnglishbutlittle_______theyknowaboutGerman.A.doB.haveC.does3.Inthedarkforest________,somearelargeenoughtoholdseveraltowns.standmanylakesB.liemanylakesC.manylakeslie4.Onlywhenmyfriendcame,_____________.A.didthecomputerrepairB.herepairedthecomputerC.wasthecomputerrepaired5.NotuntilIbegantowork,_______howmuchtimeIhadwasted(浪費(fèi)).A.didIrealizeB.wasIrealizeC.Irealized6.Where______golastsummer,Jane?A.doyouB.didyouC.youdid7.Onthewall_______twobeautifulpictures.A.hangB.hangsC.hanging8.Badboy!____________.A.OutyougoB.OutgoyouC.Outgoesyou9.Doyouknow_______outtheproblem?A.howdidheworkB.howheworkC.howheworked10.IguessyouhaveknownmuchaboutJayChou,________?A.don’tyouB.haven’tyouC.didyou11._____canyouexpecttogetapayrise.

A.WithhardworkB.Althoughworkhard

C.OnlywithhardworkD.Nowthatheworkshard

12.____,motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.

A.HoweverlateisheB.Howeverheislate

C.HoweverishelateD.Howeverlateheis

13.Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver,_____howseriousthepollutionwas.

A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealized

C.thevillagersdidrealizeD.didn’tthevillagersrealize

14.—Idon’tthinkIcanwalkanyfurther.

—_____,Let’sstophereforarest.

A.NeithercanIB.NeitherdoIC.Ididn’tthinksoD.Ithinkso

15.—DoyouknowJimquarrelwith(和…吵架)hisbrother?

—Idon’tknow,_______.

A.nordon’tIcareB.nordoIcareC.Idon’tcareneitherD.Idon’tcarealso

16.Onlybypracticingafewhourseveryday_____beabletowastemuchtime.

A.youcanB.canyouC.youwillD.willyou

17.Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury_____whatheatis.

A.mandidknowB.manknewC.didn’tmanknowD.didmanknow

18._____gotintotheroom,_____thetelephonerang.

A.Hehardly;thenB.Hardlyhadhe;whenC.Hehadnot;thanD.Nothadhe;when

19.______snacksanddrinks，buttheyalsobroughtcardsforentertainmentwhentheyhadapicnicintheforest.

A.NotonlytheybroughtB.Notonlydidtheybring

C.NotonlybroughttheyD.Notonlytheydidbring綜合能力提高題一．短文填空。free,I,stood,something,me,one,face,it,send,able,against,afterIwasstillshyinfrontofpeople.Andmyfirstdayatthenewschoolmademealaughingstock（笑料）oftheclassroom.I1totheblackboardtowritemyname.Iknewmyname,andknewhowtowriteit,but2attheblackboardwiththeeyesofsomanypupilsonmybackmademefreezeinsideandIwas3towriteasingleletter.“Writeyourname,”theteachercalledtome.Iliftedthewhitechalk(粉筆)totheblackboardand,asIwasabouttowrite,Icouldn’trememberanything:Icouldnotremembermyname,eventhe4letter.SomebodylaughedandIbecamemorenervous.“Justforgetusandwriteyourname,”theteachercalledandwalkedto5side,smilingatmetogivemeconfidence.“What’syourname?”sheasked.“Richard,”Ianswered.“Thenwriteit.”Iturnedtotheblackboardandliftedmyhandtowrite,butIcouldremember6.Irealizedhowtotally(完全地)IwasfailingandIbecameweak(柔弱)andputmyhotforehead(前額)7thecoldblackboard.Theroomburstinto(突然爆發(fā))aloudlaughandmybodyfroze.Isatandblamed(責(zé)備)8.WhydidIalwaysbecomesosillywhenIwascalledtoperforminacrowd?Iknewhowtowriteaswellasanyotherpupilintheclassroom,andIcouldtalk9.Thenwhydidstrange_____10______makemefreeze?Isatwithmyearsandneckburning,seeingthepupilsaroundmetalkinginverylowvoice,hatingmyself.二.閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，補(bǔ)全表格中所缺的信息。請(qǐng)將答案按編號(hào)一次填入表格內(nèi)的題號(hào)后橫線上。News1.9-year-oldLinDingwenfromSingaporerecentlydesignedaniPhonepaintingprogramcalledDoodleKids(小涂鴉).Theprogramletsusersdrawwiththeirfingersbytouching(觸摸)theiPhone’stouch-screenandthenclearthescreenbyshakingthephone.Linisgoodat6programminglanguages,andhehascompletedabout20programmingprojects.News2.Anewwalking,talkingrobotfromJapanwiththefaceofagirlthatcansmileandweighs43kgwasonshow.Butitstillcan’tsharethecatwalkwithhumanmodelsbecauseitisn’tsafeenough.Fornow,the158-cm-tallblack-hairedrobotwillmainlyservetomakepeoplehappy.Dev