人教版英語中考語法專題復(fù)習(xí)之非謂語動(dòng)詞 學(xué)案

人教版Goforit英語中考語法專題復(fù)習(xí)之非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞就是在句子中不充當(dāng)謂語的動(dòng)詞。它不受主語的限制，也沒有像謂語動(dòng)詞那樣的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，又稱為非限定動(dòng)詞，在句子中可以作_________、__________、__________、__________、_________和__________。非謂語動(dòng)詞包括三種形式：____________、____________和_____________。一、動(dòng)詞不定式的?？伎键c(diǎn)：不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)： 肯定__________否定________________ 特殊疑問詞+todo(whatsbcandosth)Cathydoesn’tknowwheretogotomorrow=Cathydoesn’tknow_______________________________tomorrow.2.不定式的用法：（1）做主語：TolearnEnglish______(be)noteasyforChinesestudents.=It’snoteasyforChinesestudentstolearnEnglish.(2)做表語：Theteacher’sjobistoteachthestudents.（3）做賓語:常見的動(dòng)詞有：ask,decide,know,want,try,need等：Weliketofightforourfuture.(4)做賓補(bǔ):常見的有：ask/tell/ordersb.todosthask/tell/ordersb.nottodosthTheteacherasksusnottospeakinclass. 注意：make/let/have+sb+do.(必須省to)Theboyoftenmakeshislittlesisterlaugh.(5)做定語:常見的有：havesthtodo有……要做agoodplace/timetodosth做……的好地方/時(shí)間thefirst/second/thirdtodosth第一個(gè)/二個(gè)做……的……Ihavenothingtosay.注意：不定式做定語與被修飾的名詞或代詞之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，則要加上相應(yīng)的介詞。Iwantapentowritewith.(6)做狀語，表示目的狀語。MyfatherwillgotoBeijingtodosomebusiness.表示原因狀語。主語+be+adj.+(forsb.)+todosth。TomTangiseasyforustostaywith.注意：不定式做原因狀語與句子的主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，則要加上相應(yīng)的介詞。Theballiseasyforchildrentoplaywith.3.動(dòng)詞不定式省to的情況：(1)Whynotdo…?=___________________________為什么不……？(2)hadbetter+(not)+do+…?_____________________________________(3)wouldrather+do+…?_______________________________(4)Could/Can/Would/Will/youplease+(not)+dosth…?請(qǐng)做（不要）做…好嗎？(5)使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞省to的：一感：__________ 二聽：__________、__________________三使：_______、________、_______ 四看：________、_________、__________、____________注意：主動(dòng)語態(tài)中要省to，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)中則要加to.Tinaoftenmakeshersisterdohousework,butsometimesshewasmadetodoitbyhersister.4．常用不定式的句型：(1)________________________________太…而不能…(2)________________________________足夠…可以做…(3)________________________________對(duì)…來說做…很…(4)________________________________輪到某人做某事了(5)________________________________該做…的時(shí)間了(6)________________________________花了某人多少時(shí)間做某事二．V-ing/not+V-ing.------動(dòng)名詞1.用法：（1）做主語Walking______(be)agoodwaytoexercisefortheold.(2)做表語。Myfavoritesportsisplayingsoccerball.(3)做賓語。做動(dòng)詞的賓語，常見的動(dòng)詞有：完成實(shí)踐值得忙：_______、________、__________________、____________________繼續(xù)習(xí)慣別放棄：____________、_____________________、_____________考慮建議不禁想：__________、___________、____________________________、__________________喜歡思念要介意：___________、__________、_________另外：________________________________花時(shí)間做某事________________________________做…很開心___________________________________________做…有問題/麻煩/困難___________________________________________做…很艱難介詞+V-ing.(4)做定語：表示用途，所屬等。Heisinthelivingroom.Weneedtogetadrivinglicense.三．分詞1．分類：現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。2.用法：（1）做定語：現(xiàn)在分詞做定語表示_____動(dòng)；過去分詞做定語表示______動(dòng)。單個(gè)的分詞放在被修飾的名詞前；短語分詞放在被修飾的詞的后面。Doyouknowtheboystandingbythedoor?DoyouknowthemancalledBillGates?(2)做狀語：如果與句子的主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系用_________________；如果與句子的主語構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用________________。Thestudentswentintotheclassroom,talkingandlaughing._________fromthetopofthehill,thecityisverybeautiful._________fromthetopofthehill,wefindthecityverybeautiful.(3)做表語：interesting/interested;moving/moved;bored/boring…...________表示事物本身的某種特征，性質(zhì)?！啊旧砹钊恕盻_______表示人“對(duì)……感到……”。Iwasexcitedabouttheexcitingfootballmatch.(4)做賓語補(bǔ)足語:現(xiàn)在分詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語表示賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語之間構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系；過去分詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語表示賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系。keepsb.________：讓某人做某事findsb.________：發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事see/watch/notice/hear/feelsb.__________：看見/觀察/注意到/聽到/覺得某人經(jīng)常做/或已經(jīng)做過了……see/watch/notice/hear/feelsb.__________：看見/觀察/注意到/聽到/覺得某人正在做……make/havesb.+__________=getsb.todo:makehimdothisorthatmake/havesb.+__________=getsb./sthdone:makehimselfheardletsb._____sth.如：Ioftenhearhim_______asonginhisroom.Nowyoucanhearhim________.(sing)特殊用法：like/love/hate/begin/starttodo/doingsth用todo和doing沒有區(qū)別stop___________停下來去做某事stop___________停止做某事remember/forget___________記得/忘記將要做……remember/forget___________記得/忘記過去做過……try___________盡力做……try___________試著做……mean___________打算做……mean___________意味著……6.allow/permit/advise/forbidsb___________sth:允許/建議/禁止某人做……allow/permit/advise/suggest/forbid___________sth:允許/建議/禁止做……四．含非謂語動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣句型：1.feellike________sth.想要做…wouldlike/want_______sth.2.prevent/stop/keepsb.(from)________sth.3.go_______結(jié)構(gòu)(目的)：例如，gofishing;goswimming;goshopping……4.bebusy______sth.忙于做…5.keep(on)______sth.連續(xù)/老是做…6.beworth_______sth.。。。值得一做…7.spend…(時(shí)間)…doingsth./take(時(shí)間)…todosth.8.getusedto_____sth./beusedto_____sth.習(xí)慣于…payattentionto_______sth.注意…重視…lookforwardto_______sth.9.prefer________to_______與…相比更喜歡/愛…preferto_______ratherthan________preferstayingathome.toplayingbasketballprefertostayathomeratherthanplaybasketball.10.Itwasverykind/nice/cruel_______youtogivemeahandyesterday.It’sveryimportant/useful_________youtolearnEnglishwellnow11.remember,forget,stop,begin,start,goon,continue中，后接todo或者doing的含義差別很大：例如，Shestoppedtalkingwhentheteachercamein.Shestoppedtotalkwhentheteachercamein.語法鞏固一、用非謂語動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：1.Ihope__________(find)agoodjobinaforeigncompanyafterIgraduatefromschool.2.Hefoundithard________________________(catchupwith)hisclassmates.3.Fatherasksme____________(notplay)computergamesbeforefinishingmyhomework.4.AllthechildrenlikeMr.Whiteverymuchbecauseheoftenmakesthem____________(laugh).5.Lethim__________(have)arest.Ithinkhemustbetiredafterthelongtalk.6.Wehavetworooms___________(live)in,butIcan’tdecidewhichone_____________(choose).7.---BobspeaksChinesequitewell.---Yes,sohedoes.Hepractices___________(speak)Chineseeveryday.8.Before2018wewillfinish_____________(build)theschools.9.Shesaysshedoesn’tfeellike____________（go）outwithyou.10.Theboy______________(stand)intheteacher’sofficewasfoundsmokingyesterday.二、根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子1.Imuststop______________.我必須戒煙了。2.Wemustmakeacontributionto________________ourenvironment.我們應(yīng)該為保護(hù)環(huán)境做出貢獻(xiàn)。3.Remember___________anumbrellawithyou.記得帶雨傘。4.Chinaisa___________country.中國是發(fā)展中國家。5.Iprefer_____________TVratherthan____________abook.我寧愿看電視也不愿意讀書。6.Idon’tknow____________________him.我不知道該怎么阻止他。7._______________________thedoor!記住把門鎖上。8.Let’s__________________________.咱們停下來談?wù)劙伞?.Heaskedme__________________________thebox.他問我怎樣開那只箱子。10.Thehouseisempty.There’snobody_____________.房子空了，沒人在這里住。三、單項(xiàng)選擇題1.Myparentsdidn’tallowme________totheparty.A.goB.togo C.goes D.went2.Martinwassobusy_________theoldthathegaveuphispart-timejob.A.helpingB.helped C.tohelp D.help3.Iwilltrymybesttostopmysonfrom______thesamemistake.A.makeB.made C.makes D.making4.---Chinaisgettingbetterandbetteratmakinghightechnologyproducts.---That’sright.Peoplearoundtheworldcanhardlyavoid________productsmadeinChina.A.notbuyingB.nottobuy C.tobuy D.buying5Weadviseparents________theirchildrenathomealoneinordertokeepthemawayfromdanger.A.leavingB.nottoleave C.leave D.toleave6.Whathappenswhenyouhearastrangenoiseatnight,orfindabigspiderinthecornerofyourbedroom?Itoftenmakesus_______________.A.jumpB.tojumpC.jumping D.jumped7.It’snecessaryforus_____________toourparentswhenwehaveproblems.A.totalkB.talkingC.talk8.Mr.Smithtoldhisson___________thefootballmatchbecauseoftheexam.A.nottowatchB.tonotwatchC.notwatchingD.doesn’twatch9.Whenyouleave,pleaseturnoffthelight____________energy.A.saveB.saving C.saved D.tosave10.Theretiredcoupleenjoy___________photos.Theyalwaysgooutwiththeircameras.A.takeB.took C.totake D.taking11.--Doyouclimbmountainseveryday?---Yes,___________alittleexercise.I’msooutofshape.A.gettingB.get C.got D.toget12.Inorder________forthemeeting,mysisterforcedherselftogetupearlythismorning.A.nottobelateB.notbeinglate C.tobelate D.beinglate13.---It’sgettingcold.Wouldyoumind_____________thewindow?---Ofcoursenot.A.closingB.tocloseC.closed14.---Simon,whatdoIneedtotakeforthehiking?---You’dbetter__________morewaterthanusual.It’shottoday.A.totakeB.take C.taking D.took15.---Somechildrencan’tafford__________necessarystationery.---Let’sdonateourpocketmoneytothem.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuy D.bebought能力提升---閱讀填表Ifyouseemtospendmuchofyourlifedoingthingsforotherpeople,ifyou’realwaysorderedtodoanything,youhavetochangeatpresent.Perhapsyoulovebeingwithyourfriends,butdon’tseemtohavethetime.PerhapstheonlyreasonyouwatchTVatnightisbecauseworkingalldayhasmadeyoutired.Whataboutyourparentsandfriends—doyouhaveahappyrelationshipwiththem?I’mnotsuggestingthatyoujustshoutatthenextpersonaroundyou,butIamsuggestingyousitdownwithafreshpieceofpaperandmakelistsaboutyourlife.Knowingyouropinionstowardssomethingisoneofthemostimportantthingsthatapersoncando.Itgivesusrenewedpurpose.WritedownthethingsthatMEANTHEMOSTTOYOU.Behonest!Don’twritethingsthatyoufeel“should”bewritten.Don’tgetridofthingsthatmayseemsilly,either.Ifyourjobisterrible,don’twrite“job”.Ifyourfriendisafool,don’twrite“friend”.Ifyourcatmeansmoretoyouthanworldpeace,write“cat”.Now,inaseparatelist,writedownthethingsYouAreInterestedIn.Again,don’tcensor(刪改)yourself.Don’tnoticethatlittlevoiceinyourheadsays“Youcan’t---you’renotgoodenough”.Tellittostop.Startwriting!Ifyouareoverweightorpregnant,don’tbeafraidtowrite“athlete”.Ifyouarelonely,don’tbeafraidtowrite“friends”.Ifyoudriveataxi,don’tbeafraidtowrite“internetmillionaire”. Onceyouhavelistedboththethingsthattrulymeanthemosttoyouinyourlife,andthethingsyouwouldreallylovetoachieve,makingachangeinyourlifebecomeseasier.Theprocessofcontrollingyourlifeisnotterriblydifficult.Bymakingsimplelists,youhavebeenclearer.Nowyoujustneedtoactquickly.Title:Tocontrolourlife,wejustneedpaperto1._________________________ProblemsAdviceIt2._________________muchtimetodothingsforotherpeople.Otherpersonsalways3.______________youtodosomething.Youdon’tseemtohavethetimeto4.__________________________.Studyingalldayhasmadeyousotired5.__________________________.Youarenotsuretohaveahappyrelationshipwithyourparentsandfriends.Sittingdownwithafreshpieceofpaper,6.________________________________andknowingyouropinionsarethemostimportantthings.Behonesttowritedownthethingsthatat7.__________________________.Don’twritethingsthatyoufeel“should”bewritten.Don’tgetridof8.____________things.WritedownthethingsYouAreInterestedIn.Wedon’tcensor9._________________.Afterlistingboththethingsthattrulymeanthemosttoyouinyourlife,andthethingsyouwouldreallylovetoachieve,youcan10.______________________________________moreeasily.Homework一、單項(xiàng)選擇Iregret____________tomyheadteacher,notlisteningtohim.A.talkback B.totalkback C.talkingback D.talkwithEvenTony’ssix-year-oldsonaskedhim__________smoking.stopsB.stopped C.stoppingD.tostop---Doyouoftengotothecinema?---Iprefer_________moviesathomeratherthan________tothecinema.watching;goingB.towatch;togoC.watching;goD.towatch;goMymotheralwayswantsme________morevegetablesfordinner.eat B.eating C.eatenD.toeat__________thecustomers,therestaurantowneroffersa10%discount(折扣)forallthedishes.Pleasing B.TopleaseC.Please D.PleasedRichardturnedoffthecomputerafterhehadfinished_________theemail.write B.towrite C.writing D.wroteGuoDegangisafamouscrosstalkperformer.Healwaysmakespeople__________.laughs B.laugh C.laughing D.tolaugh---Iprefer______withapento__________onthecomputerbecauseItypesoslowly.---SodoI.write;typing B.towrite;type C.writing;type D.writing;typingIspenttwodays_______readingthestorybook.finish B.finishedC.finishingD.