202X屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)專題五主旨要義課件

專題五主旨要義高考英語

(北京市專用)A組

自主命題·北京卷題組五年高考Group1Passage1(2019北京,C)詞數(shù):466Theproblemofrobocallshasgottensobadthatmanypeoplenowrefusetopickupcallsfrom

numberstheydon'tknow.Bynextyear,halfofthecallswereceivewillbescams(欺詐).Weare

finallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools,

appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgettingthrough.Unfortunately,it'stoo

little,toolate.Bythetimethese“solutions”(解決方案)becomewidelyavailable,scammerswill

havemovedontocleverermeans.Inthenearfuture,it'snotjustgoingtobethenumberyouseeon

yourscreenthatwillbeindoubt.Soonyouwillalsoquestionwhetherthevoiceyou'rehearingis

actuallyreal.That'sbecausethereareanumberofpowerfulvoicemanipulation(處理)andautomationtech-

nologiesthatareabouttobecomewidelyavailableforanyonetouse.Atthisyear'sI/OConfer-

ence,acompanyshowedanewvoicetechnologyabletoproducesuchaconvincinghuman-sound-

ingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoareceptionistandbookareservationwithoutdetection.Thesedevelopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchworse.Therea-

sonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecision.Adecadeofdata

breaches(數(shù)據(jù)侵入)ofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearn

yourmother'sname,andfarmore.Armedwiththisknowledge,they'reabletocarryoutindivid-

uallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.Thismeans,forexample,thatascammercouldcallyou

fromwhatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsoundsexactlylikeyour

bankteller's,trickingyouinto“confirming”youraddress,mother'sname,andcardnumber.

Scammersfollowmoney,socompanieswillbetheworsthit.Alotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthe

phone,andmuchofitisbasedontrustandexistingrelationships.Voicemanipulationtechnolo-

giesmayweakenthatgradually.Weneedtodealwiththeinsecurenatureofourtelecomnetworks.Phonecarriersandconsumers

needtoworktogethertofindwaysofdeterminingandcommunicatingwhatisreal.Thatmight

meaneitherdevelopingauniformwaytomarkvideosandimages,showingwhenandwhothey

weremadeby,orabandoningphonecallsaltogetherandmovingtowardsdata-basedcommunica-tions—usingappslikeFaceTimeorWhatsApp,whichcanbetiedtoyouridentity.Credibilityishardtoearnbuteasytolose,andtheproblemisonlygoingtogetharderfromhere

onout.1.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesolutionstotheproblemofrobocalls?A.Panicked.B.Confused.C.Embarrassed.D.Disappointed.2.Takingadvantageofthenewtechnologies,scammerscan

.A.aimatvictimspreciselyB.damagedatabaseseasilyC.startcampaignsrapidlyD.spreadinformationwidely3.Whatdoesthepassageimply?A.Honestyisthebestpolicy.B.Technologiescanbedouble-edged.C.Therearemoresolutionsthanproblems.D.Credibilityholdsthekeytodevelopment.4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.WheretheProblemofRobocallsIsRootedB.WhoIstoBlamefortheProblemofRobocallsC.WhyRobocallsAreAbouttoGetMoreDangerousD.HowRobocallsAreAffectingtheWorldofTechnology答案

[語篇解讀]本文為說明文,主題語境為人與社會,主題語境內(nèi)容為信息安全。隨著聲音處理

技術(shù)的發(fā)展,電信詐騙的危險性也在增加,所以電話服務(wù)公司和消費者通力合作來確保通信安

全迫在眉睫。文章側(cè)重于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的思維品質(zhì)。1.D推理判斷題。本題題干意為:關(guān)于自助語音電話問題的解決方案作者覺得如何?由第一

段中的Unfortunately,it'stoolittle,toolate.Bythetimethese“solutions”becomewidelyavail-

able,scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.可以看出,這些解決方案太少、太滯后,而

且當(dāng)解決方案廣泛應(yīng)用后,詐騙犯又有了更為聰明的詐騙方式。由此可推斷出,作者對這些解

決方案感到失望,故D項正確。A:恐慌的;B:困惑的;C:尷尬的。2.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:利用這些新技術(shù),詐騙犯們能夠

。根據(jù)第三段第二

句Thereasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecision.可知,自助語

音電話令人頭疼的原因與數(shù)量關(guān)系不大,更主要的是精準(zhǔn)度。詐騙犯利用新技術(shù)能夠精確地

對受害者實施詐騙,A項符合語境,precisely與precision為同一詞根。3.B推理判斷題。本題題干意為:這篇文章暗示了什么?文章第二段指出,聲音處理和自動化技術(shù)即將廣泛應(yīng)用,第三段則指出這些技術(shù)可能讓電信詐騙更為危險。由此可得知,文章暗示

科技是一把雙刃劍,帶來了便利也帶來了麻煩,故B項正確。4.C主旨要義題。本題題干意為:文章的最佳標(biāo)題會是以下哪一項?通讀文章可得知,第一段

指出電信詐騙的危險性越來越大,第二段指出上述問題出現(xiàn)的原因,第三段對此進(jìn)行了解釋,第

四段提出了解決方法,最后一段則回歸主題,指出問題會愈發(fā)嚴(yán)重。故C項符合文章主旨,意為

“自助語音電話為何會愈發(fā)危險”。高考熱詞

1.severityn.嚴(yán)重;嚴(yán)厲2.automationn.自動化3.precisionn.精確4.credibilityn.可信性長難句Thismeans,forexample,thatascammercouldcallyoufromwhatlookstobeafamiliar

numberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsoundsexactlylikeyourbankteller's,trickingyouinto

“confirming”youraddress,mother'sname,andcardnumber.例如,這意味著某個詐騙犯可能

用一個看上去熟悉的號碼給你打電話,用聽起來與你的銀行出納員非常像的聲音和你說話,誘

騙你“確認(rèn)”你的住址、母親的姓名和卡號。本句為主從復(fù)合句。means后為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,介詞短語fromwhat...作狀語,what引導(dǎo)賓

語從句。第二個that引導(dǎo)定語從句,先行詞是avoice?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語usingavoice...和tricking

youinto...都作狀語。Passage2(2018北京,A)詞數(shù):319MyFirstMarathon(馬拉松)Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfor

twoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlaps

andthenhitasoftball.Ididn'tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas“notathletic”.TheideathatIwas“notathletic”stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,I

realizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathlet-

ic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldn'tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweat-

ingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces(鞋帶)becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.

NotthestartIwanted!Atmile3,Ipassedasign:“GOFORIT,RUNNERS!”Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayed

thecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.Bymile21,Iwasstarving!AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenever

mindedthealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗標(biāo)簽),Icannow

callmyselfa“marathonwinner”.1.Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor

.A.waswelltrainedB.feltscaredC.madeuphismindtorunD.losthope2.WhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?A.Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.B.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.C.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.D.Toshareapreciousmemory.3.Howwastheauthor'sfirstmarathon?A.Hemadeit.B.Hequithalfway.C.Hegotthefirstprize.D.Hewalkedtotheend.4.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?A.Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.B.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.D.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.答案

[語篇解讀]本文為記敘文?！拔摇彪m然沒有運動天賦,但是通過堅持不懈的努力,“我”最

終完成了自己的第一次馬拉松。1.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.”可知,

“我”雖然腳踝受傷,但還是決定去參加馬拉松。2.C推理判斷題。體育課上老師對“我”的評價是“notathletic”,這從側(cè)面證明了“我”

不具備運動天賦,故選擇C項。3.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段前兩句“Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButI

finished!”可知,“我”完成了第一次馬拉松,故選擇A項。4.B主旨要義題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshame

andworldlylabels,Icannowcallmyselfa‘marathonwinner’.”可知,這篇文章主要想告訴讀

者勝利者要具備挑戰(zhàn)自我的精神和堅強的意志,故選擇B項。高考熱詞

1.determinedadj.有決心的2.requirev.要求3.athleticadj.擅長運動的4.realizev.意識到

5.provev.證明6.readjustv.重新調(diào)整7.starvingadj.極餓的8.approachv.接近高級語塊runlaps跑圈長難句

WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,not

aboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.當(dāng)我30多歲開始跑步時,我意識到跑步是一場

和自己的戰(zhàn)斗和競爭或者我是否擅長運動無關(guān)。

When引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句,第一個or連接并列成分。Passage3(2017北京,C)詞數(shù):358Measles(麻疹),whichoncekilled450childreneachyearanddisabledevenmore,wasnearly

wipedoutintheUnitedStates14yearsagobytheuniversaluseoftheMMRvaccine(疫苗).But

thediseaseismakingacomeback,causedbyagrowinganti-vaccinemovementandmisinforma-

tionthatisspreadingquickly.Alreadythisyear,115measlescaseshavebeenreportedintheUSA,

comparedwith189foralloflastyear.Thenumbersmightsoundsmall,buttheyaretheleadingedgeofadangeroustrend.Whenvacci-

nationratesareveryhigh,astheystillareinthenationasawhole,everyoneisprotected.Thisis

called“herdimmunity”,whichprotectsthepeoplewhogethurteasily,includingthosewhocan'

tbevaccinatedformedicalreasons,babiestooyoungtogetvaccinatedandpeopleonwhomthevaccinedoesn'twork.Butherdimmunityworksonlywhennearlythewholeherdjoinsin.Whensomerefusevaccination

andseekafreeride,immunitybreaksdownandeveryoneisinevenbiggerdanger.That'sexactlywhatishappeninginsmallneighborhoodsaroundthecountryfromOrangeCounty,

California,where22measlescaseswerereportedthismonth,toBrooklyn,N.Y.,wherea17-year-

oldcausedanoutbreaklastyear.Theresistancetovaccinehascontinuedfordecades,anditisdrivenbyarealbutverysmallrisk.

Thosewhorefusetotakethatriskselfishlymakeotherssuffer.Makingthingsworsearestatelawsthatmakeittooeasytooptout(決定不參加)ofwhataresup-

posedtoberequiredvaccinesforallchildrenenteringkindergarten.Seventeenstatesallowparents

togetanexemption(豁免),sometimesjustbysigningapapersayingtheypersonallyobjecttoa

vaccine.Now,severalstatesaremovingtotightenlawsbyaddingnewregulationsforoptingout.Butno

onedoesenoughtolimitexemptions.Parentsoughttobeabletooptoutonlyforlimitedmedicalorreligiousreasons.Butpersonalopin-

ions?Notgoodenough.Everyoneenjoysthelife-savingbenefitsvaccinesprovide,butthey'llexist

onlyaslongaseveryonesharesintherisks.1.Thefirsttwoparagraphssuggestthat

.A.asmallnumberofmeaslescasescanstartadangeroustrendB.theoutbreakofmeaslesattractsthepublicattentionC.anti-vaccinemovementhasitsmedicalreasonsD.informationaboutmeaslesspreadsquickly2.Herdimmunityworkswellwhen

.A.exemptionsareallowedB.severalvaccinesareusedtogetherC.thewholeneighborhoodisinvolvedinD.newregulationsareaddedtothestatelaws3.Whatisthemainreasonforthecomebackofmeasles?A.Theoveruseofvaccine.B.Thelackofmedicalcare.C.Thefeaturesofmeaslesitself.D.Thevaccineopt-outsofsomepeople.4.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Tointroducetheideaofexemption.B.Todiscussmethodstocuremeasles.C.Tostresstheimportanceofvaccination.D.Toappealforequalrightsinmedicaltreatment.答案

[語篇解讀]

本文是一篇說明文。題材為科普知識類。14年前因為疫苗的使用,麻疹病在美

國幾乎消失了。但是最近,美國麻疹病例的數(shù)量卻呈小幅上升趨勢,這無疑給人們敲響了警

鐘。1.A推理判斷題。文章第一段講的是由于反疫苗運動,麻疹病卷土重來;再根據(jù)第二段第一

句可知,麻疹病例的數(shù)量聽起來不多,但是它們卻是一種危險趨勢的開始。2.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句可知,群體免疫力只有在幾乎整個群體都進(jìn)行了疫苗免

疫后才能起作用,故選C項。3.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句及倒數(shù)第三、四段的內(nèi)容可知選D項。4.C主旨要義題。作者通過講述日益增長的反疫苗運動以及一些州政府法律對于疫苗豁免

權(quán)的不限制,分析了美國麻疹病例的數(shù)量呈小幅上升趨勢的原因,由此向讀者強調(diào)接種疫苗的

重要性,故選C項。高考熱詞

1.disablev.使傷殘,使殘廢2.comebackn.復(fù)出;重返3.misinformationn.錯誤信息4.casen.病例5.trendn.趨勢6.selfishlyadv.自私地7.objectv.反對8.tightenv.加緊,加強(規(guī)則、法律或制度)9.regula-

tionn.規(guī)則高級語塊wipeout徹底消滅長難句

Butthediseaseismakingacomeback,causedbyagrowinganti-vaccinemovementand

misinformationthatisspreadingquickly.但是這種疾病正在卷土重來,起因是日益增長的反疫苗

運動以及正在迅速傳播的錯誤信息。過去分詞短語causedby...作后置定語,修飾comeback,兩者之間為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系;thatis

spreadingquickly是定語從句,修飾先行詞misinformation。Passage4(2016北京,B)

詞數(shù):368SurvivingHurricaneSandy(颶風(fēng)桑迪)NatalieDoan,14,hasalwaysfeltluckytoliveinRockaway,NewYork.Livingjustafewblocks

fromthebeach,Nataliecanseetheoceanandhearthewavesfromherhouse.“It'stheoceanthat

makesRockawaysospecial,”shesays.OnOctober29,2012,thatoceanturnedfierce.Thatnight,HurricaneSandyattackedtheEast

Coast,andRockawaywashitespeciallyhard.Fortunately,Natalie'sfamilyescapedtoBrooklyn

shortlybeforethecity'sbridgesclosed.WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.ManyofNatalie'sfriendshadlosttheirhomesandwerelivingfaraway.Allaroundher,peopleweresuf-

fering,especiallytheelderly.Natalie'sschoolwassodamagedthatshehadtotemporarilyattenda

schoolinBrooklyn.Inthefollowingfewdays,themenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNatalie.Volun-

teerscamewithcarloadsofdonatedclothingandtoys.Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelp-

ingothersrebuild.Teenagersclimbeddozensofflightsofstairstodeliverwaterandfoodtoelder-

lypeopletrappedinpowerlesshigh-risebuildings.“MymomtellsmethatIcan'tcontrolwhathappenstome,”Nataliesays,“butIcanalways

choosehowIdealwithit.”Natalie'schoicewastohelp.Shecreatedawebsitepage,matchingsurvivorsinneedwithdonorswhowantedtohelp.Natalie

postedinformationaboutaboynamedPatrick,wholosthisbaseballcardcollectionwhenhis

houseburneddown.Withindays,Patrick'scollectionwasreplaced.Inthecomingmonths,herwebsitepagehelpedlotsofkids:Christopher,whoreceivedanewbas-ketball;Charlie,whogotanewkeyboard.Nataliealsoworkedwithotherorganizationstobringmuch-neededsuppliestoRockaway.Hereffortsmadeherafamousperson.LastApril,shewasin-

vitedtotheWhiteHouseandhonoredasaHurricaneSandyChampionofChange.Today,thescars(創(chuàng)痕)ofdestructionarestillseeninRockaway,buthopeisintheair.Thestreets

areclear,andmanyhomeshavebeenrebuilt.“Ican'timaginelivinganywherebutRockaway,”

Nataliedeclares.“Myneighborhoodwillbeback,evenstrongerthanbefore.”1.WhenNataliereturnedtoRockawayafterthehurricane,shefound

.A.somefriendshadlosttheirlivesB.herneighborhoodwasdestroyedC.herschoolhadmovedtoBrooklynD.theelderlywerefreefromsuffering2.AccordingtoParagraph4,whoinspiredNataliemost?A.ThepeoplehelpingRockawayrebuild.B.Thepeopletrappedinhigh-risebuildings.C.Thevolunteersdonatingmoneytosurvivors.D.Localteenagersbringingclothingtoelderlypeople.3.HowdidNataliehelpthesurvivors?A.Shegavehertoystootherkids.B.Shetookcareofyoungerchildren.C.ShecalledontheWhiteHousetohelp.D.Shebuiltaninformationsharingplatform.4.Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A.Littlepeoplecanmakeabigdifference.B.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.C.Eastorwest,homeisbest.D.Technologyispower.答案

[語篇解讀]本文為記敘文。颶風(fēng)桑迪襲擊了納塔莉的家鄉(xiāng)洛克威,損失很大,一些人的援助

行為鼓舞了納塔莉,她創(chuàng)辦了一個網(wǎng)站來幫助家鄉(xiāng)的人們。1.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段開頭“...theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.”可知B項正

確。2.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段開頭第一句可知幫助洛克威進(jìn)行重建的人們鼓舞了她,包括帶

來捐贈品的志愿者、幫助他人的鄰居以及幫助老人的青少年們,故A項正確。3.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段可知納塔莉創(chuàng)辦了一個網(wǎng)站,發(fā)布需要幫助的幸存者的信

息,從而可以讓捐贈者們找到捐贈的對象,由此可知她建立了一個信息分享平臺,故D項正確。4.A主旨要義題。從整篇文章可以得知,納塔莉雖然年紀(jì)不大,但是她在颶風(fēng)后家鄉(xiāng)的重建

過程中,創(chuàng)辦了一個信息分享平臺,為他人提供了巨大的幫助,故A項正確。高考熱詞

1.escapev.逃離2.temporarilyadv.暫時地3.devotev.傾注4.deliverv.遞送5.trapv.困住6.survivorn.幸存者7.supplyn.日用(必需品)8.destructionn.破壞高級語塊1.inruins破敗不堪2.dozensof很多3.burndown燒毀長難句NataliepostedinformationaboutaboynamedPatrick,wholosthisbaseballcardcollec-

tionwhenhishouseburneddown.納塔莉發(fā)布了關(guān)于一個叫帕特里克的男孩的信息,當(dāng)他家的

房子被燒毀時,他失去了自己的棒球卡收藏品。句中who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,先行詞為Patrick,when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。Group2Passage1(2015北京,D)

詞數(shù):368Technologicalchangeiseverywhereandaffectseveryaspectoflife,mostlyforthebetter.However,

socialchangesthatarebroughtaboutbynewtechnologyareoftenmistakenforachangeinatti-

tudes.Anexampleathandistheinvolvementofparentsinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhoareattending

college.Surveys(調(diào)查)onthistopicsuggestthatparentstodaycontinuetobe“very”or“some-

what”overly-protectiveevenaftertheirchildrenmoveintocollegedormitories.Thesamesurveys

alsoindicatethattherateofparentalinvolvementisgreatertodaythanitwasagenerationago.This

isusuallyinterpretedasasignthattoday'sparentsaretryingtomanagetheirchildren'slivespast

thepointwherethisbehaviorisappropriate.However,greaterparentalinvolvementdoesnotnecessarilyindicatethatparentsarefailingtolet

gooftheir“adult”children.Inthecontext(背景)ofthisdiscussion,itseemsvaluabletofirstfindoutthecauseofchangeinthecaseofparents'involvementwiththeirgrownchildren.Ifparentsofearliergenerationshadwanted

tobeintouchwiththeircollege-agechildrenfrequently,wouldthishavebeenpossible?Probably

not.Ontheotherhand,doesthepossibilityoffrequentcommunicationtodaymeanthattheurgeto

dosowasn'tpresentagenerationago?Manystudiesshowthatolderparents—today'sgrandpar-

ents—wouldhavecalledtheirchildrenmoreoftenifthemeansandcostofdoingsohadnotbeena

barrier.Furthermore,studiesshowthatfinancesarethemostfrequentsubjectofcommunicationbetween

parentsandtheircollegechildren.Thefactthatcollegestudentsarefinanciallydependentontheir

parentsisnothingnew;norarerequestsformoremoneytobesentfromhome.Thisphenomenonis

neithergoodnorbad;itisafactofcollegelife,todayandinthepast.Thankstotheadvancedtechnology,weliveinanageofbetteredcommunication.Thishasmany

implicationswellbeyondtherolethatparentsseemtoplayinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhohave

leftforcollege.Butitisusefultobearinmindthatallsuchchangescomefromthetechnologyand

notsomeimagineddesirebyparentstokeeptheirchildrenundertheirwings.1.Thesurveysinformusof

.A.thedevelopmentoftechnologyB.thechangesofadultchildren'sbehaviorC.theparents'over-protectionoftheircollegechildrenD.themeansandexpensesofstudents'communication2.Thewriterbelievesthat

.A.parentstodayaremoreprotectivethanthoseinthepastB.thedisadvantagesofnewtechnologyoutweighitsadvantagesC.technologyexplainsgreaterparentalinvolvementwiththeirchildrenD.parents'changedattitudesleadtocollegechildren'sdelayedindependence3.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TechnologyorAttitudeB.DependenceorIndependenceC.FamilyInfluencesorSocialChangesD.CollegeManagementorCommunicationAdvancement4.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?

I:IntroductionP:PointSp:Sub-point(次要點)C:Conclusion答案

[語篇解讀]本文為議論文,題材為社會生活。文章介紹了無處不在的科技變革影響了生活

的方方面面。然而科技帶來的社會變化常常被誤認(rèn)為是人們的態(tài)度發(fā)生了改變。1.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知調(diào)查表明現(xiàn)在的父母在子女搬進(jìn)大學(xué)宿舍之后會

繼續(xù)對子女進(jìn)行過度保護(hù)。2.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知C項正確。3.A主旨要義題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句和最后一段最后一句可知選A。4.B邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)題。第一段簡要介紹,提出論點。第二、三段提出兩個分論點,第四段提出次

要點,第五段介紹了另外一個次要點,最后一段總結(jié)全文。高考熱詞

1.mistakev.誤解2.involvementn.參加3.attendv.經(jīng)常去,定期去(學(xué)校、食堂等)4.suggest

v.表明5.indicatev.表明;顯示6.interpretv.把……理解(解釋)為7.requestn.要求高級語塊1.bringabout引起,導(dǎo)致2.letgoof釋放,放開3.bearinmind牢記長難句Butitisusefultobearinmindthatallsuchchangescomefromthetechnologyandnot

someimagineddesirebyparentstokeeptheirchildrenundertheirwings.但是記住這一點是有用

的:這些變化都來自科技而不是一些父母想象中的想要把孩子護(hù)在羽翼下的欲望。句中it是形式主語,真正的主語是tobearinmindthatallsuchchangescomefromthetechnology

andnotsomeimagineddesirebyparentstokeeptheirchildrenundertheirwings,bearinmind后

的that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。Passage2(2014北京,C)

詞數(shù):388ChoosingtheRightResolution(決定)MillionsofAmericansbegan2014withthesameresolutiontheystarted2013with,agoaloflosing

weight.However,settingweightlossasagoalisamistake.Toreachourgoaloflosingweight—theoutput,weneedtocontrolwhatweeat—theinput(輸入).

Thatis,wetendtocareabouttheoutputbutnottocontroltheinput.Thisisabadwaytoconstruct

goals.Thealternativeistofocusyourresolutionontheinput.Insteadofresolvingtoloseweight,try

anactionableresolution:“I'llstophavingdessertforlunch,”or“I'llwalkeverydayfor20minutes.”Creatingagoalthatfocusesonawell-specifiedinputwilllikelybemoreeffectivethan

concentratingontheoutcome.Recentlyanewsciencebehindincentives(激勵),includingineducation,hasbeendiscussed.Forex-

ample,researcherRolandFryerwantedtoseewhatworksbestinmotivatingchildrentodobetterinschool.Insomecases,hegavestudentsincentivesbasedoninput,likereadingcertainbooks,while

inothers,theincentiveswerebasedonoutput,likeresultsonexams.Hismainfindingwasthatin-

centivesincreasedachievementwhenbasedoninputbuthadnoeffectwhenbasedonoutput.Fryer

'sconclusionwasthattheincentivesforinputsmightbemoreeffectivebecausestudentsdonot

knowhowtodobetteronanexam,asidefromgeneralruleslike“studyharder”.Readingcertain

books,ontheotherhand,isawell-settaskoverwhichtheyhavemuchmorecontrol.Aslongasyouhavedirectcontroloveryourgoal,youhaveamuchhigherchanceofsuccess.Andit

'seasiertostartagainifyoufail,becauseyouknowexactlywhatyouneedtodo.Ifyouwanttocutdownonyourspending,agoodgoalwouldbemakingmorningcoffeeathome

insteadofgoingtoacafé,forexample.Thisisawell-specifiedaction-basedgoalforwhichyoucanmeasureyoursuccesseasily.Spendinglessmoneyisn'tagoalbecauseit'stoogeneral.Similarly,ifyouwanttospendmoretimewithyourfamily,don'tstopwiththisgeneralwish.Thinkaboutan

actionablehabitthatyoucouldadoptandstickto,likeafamilymovienighteveryWednesday.Inthelongrun,thesenewgoalscouldbecomeahabit.1.Thewriterthinksthatsettingweightlossasagoalisamistakebecause

.A.itishardtoachieveformostAmericansB.itisfocusedtoomuchontheresultC.itisdependentontoomanythingsD.itisbasedonactionabledecisions2.InRolandFryer'sresearch,somestudentsdidbetterthantheothersbecause

.A.theyobeyedallthegeneralrulesB.theypaidmoreattentiontoexamsC.theyweremotivatedbytheirclassmatesD.theywererewardedforreadingsomebooks3.Accordingtothewriter,whichofthefollowingstatementsisagoodgoal?A.“I'llgiveupdessert.”B.“I'llstudyharder.”C.“I'llcutdownmyexpenses.”D.“I'llspendmoretimewithmyfamily.”4.Thewriterstronglybelievesthatweshould

.A.developgoodhabitsandfocusontheoutcomeB.beoptimisticaboutfinalgoalsandsticktothemC.pickspecificactionsthatcanbeturnedintogoodhabitsD.setambitiousgoalsthatcanbalancetheinputandoutput答案

[語篇解讀]本文為議論文。作者認(rèn)為“減肥”不是一個很有效的目標(biāo),并具體解釋了設(shè)立

什么樣的目標(biāo)更加有效。1.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一、二句“Toreachourgoaloflosingweight—theoutput,we

needtocontrolwhatweeat—theinput(輸入).Thatis,wetendtocareabouttheoutputbutnotto

controltheinput.”可知將減肥設(shè)定為目標(biāo)過于注重輸出,輸出output相當(dāng)于結(jié)果result,故選擇B

項。2.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通讀第三段的相關(guān)內(nèi)容特別是最后一句可知本題應(yīng)選擇D項。3.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句“Creatingagoalthatfocusesonawell-specified

inputwilllikelybemoreeffectivethanconcentratingontheoutcome.”可知設(shè)立目標(biāo)應(yīng)具體化,

不能過于關(guān)注結(jié)果。四個選項中A項“我要放棄甜食”很具體,是一個很好的目標(biāo);B項“我

要更努力地學(xué)習(xí)”,C項“我要削減開支”和D項“我要花更多的時間陪家人”都很籠統(tǒng),不

容易實施,故選擇A項。4.C主旨要義題。作者在文章的倒數(shù)第二段舉例說明了設(shè)立目標(biāo)應(yīng)挑選具體的行動,最后一段又再次強調(diào)“Inthelongrun,thesenewgoalscouldbecomeahabit.”從長遠(yuǎn)來看,這些新的目

標(biāo)(具體的行動)能成為一種習(xí)慣。因此本題選擇C項。高考熱詞

1.constructv.創(chuàng)立2.alternativen.可供選擇的事物3.resolutionn.解決4.measurev.估量5.adoptv.采用高級語塊1.resolveto決心2.concentrateon專心于3.stickto堅持長難句Creatingagoalthatfocusesonawell-specifiedinputwilllikelybemoreeffectivethan

concentratingontheoutcome.建立一個關(guān)注具體細(xì)節(jié)的輸入的目標(biāo)似乎比關(guān)注結(jié)果要更有

效。句中Creatingagoalthatfocusesonawell-specifiedinput是主語,主語中that引導(dǎo)了一個修飾goal

的定語從句。Gracelosthertailasababywhenshegotcaughtupinafishtrap.Whenthedolphinarrivedatthe

OceanParkinDecember2005,shewasfightingforherlife.“Isshegoingtomakeit?”Hertrain-

er,AbbeyStone,fearedtheworst.Gracedidmakeit—buthertaildidn't.Sheendeduplosingher

flukesandthelowerpartofherpeduncle.Overthepastsixyears,shehaslearnedtoswimwithouthertail.DolphinsswimbymovingtheirPassage3(2013北京,B)

詞數(shù):315TailSpinTwodolphinsracearoundinabigpoolintheOceanPark.Thesmallerdolphin,Grace,showsoffa

fewofhertricks,turningaroundandwavinghellotothecrowd.Themostamazingthingabouther,

however,isthatshe'sevenswimmingatall.Shedoesn'thaveatail.flukesandpeduncleupanddown.Gracetaughtherselftomoveanotherway—likeafish!Shepush-

esherselfforwardthroughthewaterbymovingherpedunclefromsidetoside.ThemovementsputharmfulpressureonGrace'sbackbone.Soacompanyofferedtocreateaman-

madetailforher.ThetailhadtobestrongenoughtostayonGraceassheswambutsoftenough

thatitwouldn'thurther.ThefirsttimeGraceworetheartificialtail,shesoonshookitoffandletitsinktothebottomofthe

pool.Now,sheisstilllearningtousethetail.Somedaysshewearsitforanhouratatime,othersnot

atall.“Thenewtailisn'tnecessaryforhertofeelcomfortable,”saysStone,“butithelpstokeep

thatrangeofmotion(動作)andbuildmuscles(肌肉).”Now,thedolphinisabouttogetanevenhappierending.Thismonth,GracewillstarinDolphin

Tale,afilmthatfocusesonherrescueandrecovery.Herprogresshasinspiredmorethanjustanew

movie.Manypeopletravelfromnearandfartomeether.SeeingGraceswimwithherman-made

tailgivespeoplesomuchcourage.1.WhenGracefirstarrivedattheOceanPark,hertrainerworriedabouther

.A.physicalbuildB.potentialabilityC.chanceofsurvivalD.adaptationtothesurroundings2.Aman-madetailiscreatedforGraceto

.A.letherrecoverfasterB.makehercomfortableC.adjustherwayofswimmingD.helpherperformbettertricks3.ThestoryofGraceinspirespeopleto

.A.sticktotheirdreamsB.treatanimalsfriendlyC.treasurewhattheyhaveD.facedifficultiesbravely答案

[語篇解讀]本文為記敘文,講述了一只名叫格雷斯的海豚勇敢面對困難的故事。1.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“WhenthedolphinarrivedattheOceanParkinDecem-

ber2005,shewasfightingforherlife.‘Isshegoing