高考英語完形填空技巧專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練和詳細(xì)解答

..高考完形填空解題技巧<I>完形填空是全國各地高考英語必考題型之一,占20分。題型特征是：一篇短文中間留20個(gè)空格,每個(gè)空格給出4個(gè)選項(xiàng),要求從中選出最佳答案填入相應(yīng)的空格內(nèi)。由于這種題型既考查學(xué)生的語法、詞法、句法、習(xí)慣用法等英語基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的綜合運(yùn)用能力,又考查他們對(duì)短文的閱讀和理解能力。這種題型綜合性較強(qiáng),因而難度較大?？偟膩碚f,完形填空為了測(cè)試考生實(shí)際應(yīng)用英語的能力和語感。具體說來,是從語篇角度綜合測(cè)試考生的閱讀理解能力、詞匯的掌握和對(duì)英語習(xí)慣用語的熟悉程度、以及語法規(guī)則的靈活運(yùn)用。因此,本文我就考試出題的三個(gè)方向、考試題型和具體解題技巧做了詳細(xì)闡述：一、考試出題的大致方向是：1、詞匯：某些詞義的識(shí)別,同義詞辨析。英語習(xí)慣用法的熟悉程度。

2、語法結(jié)構(gòu)：語法規(guī)則的實(shí)際應(yīng)用。

3、語篇句意：從語篇角度,即上下文和情景語境綜合測(cè)試考生的閱讀理解能力4.邏輯推理和生活常識(shí)二、考試題型：

〔一詞匯題：單純地考單詞或短語的釋義：

1.Therecanbenoquestionaboutthevalueofasafetyprogram.Fromafinancialstandpointalone,safety____.<‘99>A.comesoffB.turnsupC.paysoffD.holdsup

答案：C.

詞匯辨析題：主要是指同義詞、近義詞的辨析,這類題較難。

2.Theyareneededfor____foodintoenergyandbodymaintenance.<‘96>

A.shiftingB.transferringC.alteringD.transforming

答案：D.

固定短語搭配題：

3.Withit,astronautswillacquireaworkhousevehicle____offlyingsintosspaceandreturningmanytimes.<‘92>

A.capableB.suitableC.efficientD.fit

答案：A.

<二>語法題：

語法結(jié)構(gòu)題,主要是考結(jié)構(gòu)詞：代詞、介詞和從句連接詞。

4.Moreover,inaccurateorindefinitewordsmaymake____difficultforthelistenertounderstandthemessagewhichisbeingtransmittedtohim.<’94>

A.thatB.itC.soD.this答案：B.

<三>語篇題：

文章的上下文決定所缺處所選擇的詞.這一考點(diǎn)要求學(xué)生根據(jù)文章的整體內(nèi)容進(jìn)行理解,根據(jù)層次結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容的邏輯關(guān)系,去選擇符合文章情節(jié)的答案,這也叫情景意義的選擇.

5.Gettingenoughvitaminsisessentialtolife,althoughthebodyhasnonutritionaluseforexcessvitamins.Manypeople____believeinbeingonthe"safeside"andthustakeextravitamins.<96>

A.neverthelessB.thereforeC.moreoverD.meanwhile

答案：A.

三、解題技巧要做好完形填空題,除了要具備較扎實(shí)的英語基本功之外,還必須具備良好的應(yīng)試心態(tài),掌握一定的答題技巧,這樣有助于在做題時(shí)思路清晰,速度加快,節(jié)約時(shí)間,增進(jìn)效益.1..充滿信心,沉著冷靜。無論做什么事情,信心十分重要。有的同學(xué)盡管英語基礎(chǔ)不錯(cuò),但由于平時(shí)做練習(xí)時(shí)有"偏食"的習(xí)慣,即喜歡做基礎(chǔ)題,怕做綜合性較強(qiáng)的能力題〔如完形填空、閱讀理解等,因而在考試中遇到這類題目時(shí)就會(huì)感到壓力大,信心不足。同學(xué)們?cè)谧鐾晷翁羁疹}時(shí)一定要充滿信心,沉著冷靜,要相信自己的實(shí)力。只有這樣,答題時(shí)才能發(fā)揮出自己的最佳水平,減少失誤。2、精讀第一句它是了解全文大意的基石.完形填空文章的第一句話通常是沒有空白的完整句子,而且第一句往往是文章的主題句<TopicSentence>,或是含有主題詞的句子,考生可以根據(jù)它來把握文章的中心思想,為下面答題奠定基礎(chǔ)。這里,首先我們要知道英文的主題句的特點(diǎn)。一個(gè)有效的主題句應(yīng)該有以下兩個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：

1.Topic：主題或議題。明確指示段落的內(nèi)容,起到限定主題范圍的作用。

2.Opinion：反映作者對(duì)待主題的觀點(diǎn)、印象、態(tài)度,起到限定段落基調(diào)的作用。

知道了英文主題句的特點(diǎn)之后,我們?cè)陂喿x完型填空文章的第一句話時(shí),就不應(yīng)該只是讀懂其字面中文意思,而是要透過首句來預(yù)測(cè)文章的中心內(nèi)容,為接下來做題把準(zhǔn)方向。比如1994年考題的首句是：

Thefirstandsmallestunitthatcanbediscussedinrelationtolanguageistheword.

這就是一句非常有效的主題句。據(jù)此,我們可以大膽地預(yù)測(cè)文章的主題是討論"詞匯<word>"與"語言表達(dá)<language>"的關(guān)系。作者的態(tài)度通過"firstandsmallest"就說明作者認(rèn)為"詞匯"對(duì)于"語言"的重要意義。實(shí)際上,該篇文章的確是圍繞"詞匯"與"語言"的關(guān)系展開的。

由此可見,精讀第一句對(duì)于理解和把握整個(gè)文章的中心意義和作者的行文的脈絡(luò)是非常有效的。這就為我們往下做題指明了方向！3.通讀全文,掌握大意,粗選答案有相當(dāng)一部分同學(xué)在沒有通讀全文、弄懂大意的情況下就急忙邊閱讀邊依空選擇。這是一種不良的答題習(xí)慣。而且那些錯(cuò)誤的答案會(huì)在大腦中先入為主,在復(fù)查時(shí)很難發(fā)現(xiàn),同學(xué)們?cè)谧鲱}之前必須先集中精力將短文精讀兩遍,掌握其大意,同時(shí)要記住短文里的人物、時(shí)間或地點(diǎn),尤其要注意首句和尾句的含義。這樣,答題時(shí)才能心中有數(shù)。此時(shí)可以邊閱讀邊粗選答案,這是為了盡量減少空格,幫助更透徹地了解全文.4、從上下文尋找信息詞

完形填空所選的文章都是具有邏輯關(guān)系、意義相聯(lián)的語篇,而詞語的重復(fù)出現(xiàn)、同義詞和反義詞的使用是重要的連句成篇的詞匯紐帶,因此,在行文中不可避免地會(huì)出現(xiàn)詞語的復(fù)現(xiàn)、前后同義詞、反義詞相互照應(yīng)等現(xiàn)象。

警示：考生在答題時(shí),不要急于求成。而要充分利用上下文信息詞,在繼續(xù)閱讀中尋找和斟酌答案。

充分利用文章的上下文和前后句,找到對(duì)選擇有提示作用的詞或句。這些詞有時(shí)可能是同義詞或反義詞。例如：1>Somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow.Butinsomeplacesitisveryvery＿.A.deepB.highC.coldD.dangerous根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but的提示,所填入的詞應(yīng)與shallow相反,因此答案為A。2>MrsO’Neillasked＿＿questionsandshedidn’tscolduseither.A.noB.certainC.manyD.moreand是一個(gè)并列連詞；either為副詞,用在否定句或否定詞后加強(qiáng)語勢(shì),由此可以確定所填的詞也應(yīng)是一個(gè)否定意義的詞,因此答案是A。

5.形意結(jié)合,前后參照完形填空所要求填的答案在意義上必須和短文內(nèi)容相符,形式上必須符合語法規(guī)則和習(xí)慣用法。有些同學(xué)之所以失分較多,其中一個(gè)很重要的原因就是顧此失彼。同學(xué)們?cè)谶x擇答案時(shí),應(yīng)先從意義上判斷其是否與短文內(nèi)容相吻合,然后再從形式上〔如時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、非謂語動(dòng)詞、主謂一致、固定搭配等判斷所選答案是否恰當(dāng),前后參照,連貫考慮,提高選擇的準(zhǔn)確率。比如：Washoeisayoungchimpanzee<黑猩猩>.Sheisno41chimpanzee,though.Scientistsaredoingaresearch42her.Theywanttoseehowcivilizedshecan43.Alreadyshedoesmanythingsahumanbeingcando.<95NMET>41空的選項(xiàng)是foolish/ordinary/special/simple,均為形容詞,都能修飾chimpanzee,根據(jù)下文,此黑猩猩在接受馴化,已經(jīng)能做人能做的許多事,從而便可確定,她不再是普通的<ordinary>黑猩猩了.如果不前后參照,去辨別四個(gè)詞的用法,是無法選出正確答案的.6.先易后難,迂回解題做完形填空時(shí),對(duì)于一時(shí)沒有把握的題目,可以采用"迂回戰(zhàn)術(shù)",在題號(hào)前標(biāo)上記號(hào),先繞過去做下面的題目。在做完較容易的題目之后再回過頭來思考那些難題,同時(shí)把已確定好了的答案代入短文,幫助理解。這樣,也許難題就不難了。7、把握文章組織結(jié)構(gòu)主要是針對(duì)語篇題。

做題時(shí),要把準(zhǔn)文章作者發(fā)展脈絡(luò),文章的起承轉(zhuǎn)合,要注意段落與段落之間,句與句之間的內(nèi)在邏輯聯(lián)系,領(lǐng)悟暗示,選對(duì)答案。Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchhadhappened__21__.Aswasdiscussedbefore,itwasnot__22__the19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic__23__.<2002>

21.A.betweenB.beforeC.sinceD.later

22.A.afterB.byC.duringD.until

23.A.meansB.methodC.mediumD.measure

答案：21.A.22.D.23.C

分析：我們注意到文章講了兩個(gè)時(shí)間：20世紀(jì)和15、16世紀(jì),而19世紀(jì)顯然是處在兩者之間,故21填between。22題是一語法結(jié)構(gòu)題,固定結(jié)構(gòu)：Itwasnotuntilthat。23題屬于前面介紹的"信息詞"題。上文中出現(xiàn)的：television,printing,newspaper均說明該題應(yīng)填medium8.了解生活常識(shí),確定相關(guān)知識(shí)。Everymorningshewouldgivehimbreakfastinbedandbringhimthepaperto30<1998>A.checkB.readC.keepD.sign分析:外國人早上有讀報(bào)的習(xí)慣,其中paper即為報(bào)紙.這是理解本文細(xì)節(jié)的關(guān)鍵,有了這些文化背景知識(shí),可迅速推斷出正確答案為B9.必要時(shí)采用排除法,根據(jù)已知條件和信息去推斷未知事物10.全文貫通,復(fù)查核定做完題目后,要仔細(xì)復(fù)查核定。全方位,多角度地檢查所選答案,看能否使全文連貫暢通,內(nèi)容清晰,主題突出.對(duì)于個(gè)別拿不準(zhǔn)的答案,應(yīng)根據(jù)語感完成.復(fù)查可以采用兩種方法：1.不看已選的答案,再把所有的題目做一遍,然后看看兩個(gè)答案是否一致,如不一致,再仔細(xì)比較鑒別；2.把答案代入短文細(xì)讀一遍,看所選答案是否與短文整體相吻合,再把每個(gè)空白處與它相對(duì)應(yīng)的4個(gè)答案一一對(duì)照?？傊?要提高完形填空的解題水平,除了上面介紹的方法技巧外,在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)實(shí)踐中,一要不斷積累并熟練掌握詞匯語法等扎實(shí)的基本技能,對(duì)于重要的語法項(xiàng)目,如定語從句狀語從句非謂語動(dòng)詞名詞性從句等,要加以總結(jié)概括,以做題時(shí)運(yùn)用靈活,概念清楚。二要有計(jì)劃,有目的地訓(xùn)練,加強(qiáng)閱讀,提高速度,培養(yǎng)語感,在實(shí)踐中感悟的辨析,搭配,學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)文章進(jìn)行邏輯判斷及推理,既要看懂表層意思,更要理解深層次的含義。三要按步驟,由簡到難,由短到長地進(jìn)行有針對(duì)性的專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練,材料要精選,解題要限時(shí),體裁要多樣,運(yùn)用正確的解題方法與技巧。四要注意分析錯(cuò)題,避免出現(xiàn)類似錯(cuò)誤.只要我們持之以恒,解答完形填空的水平就能得到提高。高考完形填空試題解題思路與解題技巧<II>做完形填空題是基于整個(gè)語篇的理解,要求學(xué)生掌握相當(dāng)數(shù)量的詞匯、句型、詞組和一定的閱讀理解能力和詞語搭配能力,綜合運(yùn)用語言知識(shí)的能力。由此可見完形填空題也是閱讀題,是一種難度較大的題型。是對(duì)考生閱讀理解和語言綜合運(yùn)用能力的測(cè)試。本文側(cè)重對(duì)完形填空題進(jìn)行了全方位的剖析,介紹了完形填空題的理論依據(jù)、試題形式、試題性質(zhì),詳細(xì)分析了填空類型、短文長度、間隔設(shè)計(jì)、成分與結(jié)構(gòu),總結(jié)出一整套完形填空題的解題思路與技巧,旨在幫助同學(xué)們提高解題意識(shí),把握解題思路,掌握解題技巧。

一、完形填空題型介紹

1、理論依據(jù)

完形填空,又稱為綜合填空。英文叫ClozeTest<或ClozeProcedure,ClozeTechnique>。從20世紀(jì)70年代起,這種測(cè)試形式就被我國外語教學(xué)界普遍采用。該題型也已成為我國高考英語試題及各種英語測(cè)試的固定題型,因此引起了廣大英語教師和參加考試的學(xué)生廣泛關(guān)注。

Cloze一詞來源于"格式塔心理學(xué)派"〔GestaltPsychology的術(shù)語。這個(gè)學(xué)派主張整體理解,理解時(shí)從上到下,從總體結(jié)構(gòu)到各個(gè)組成部分進(jìn)行分析,它認(rèn)為人有時(shí)對(duì)不完整的事物進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充的能力。按照"格式塔心理學(xué)派"的理論,一篇文章有它的主題思想,整體結(jié)構(gòu),理論支持,總體布局等特點(diǎn)。選一篇文章,中間去掉一些詞,也就是說每隔一些詞留一個(gè)空格,這篇文章仍有足夠的線索,考生能用這些線索,通過上下文的分析,對(duì)被去掉的詞作出正確的判斷,從所給的選項(xiàng)中選出恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~填入空格,使上下文合理、符合題意、并能保持原文內(nèi)容的完整性和原文的語言特色。后來人們把這個(gè)理論應(yīng)用到英語測(cè)試題上,就形成了今天的ClozeTest,具體地說就是一種綜合填空測(cè)試題。綜上所述就是完形填空題的理論依據(jù)。

2、試題形式

完形填空題的形式主要有兩種：1一種是取一篇短文,在當(dāng)中挖掉一些詞,留出空格,在文章下方提供4個(gè)可供選擇的答案,考生從中選出正確的答案；2一種是取一篇短文,每隔一定數(shù)量的詞,留出空格,不提供任何可供選擇的答案,考生根據(jù)上下文填寫一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~；

目前我國高考英語試題采用的是第一種形式,即在所選短文的下面提供4個(gè)可供選擇的答案,考生從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)正確答案。這是我國高考和英語測(cè)試采用的最流行的一種形式。

3、試題性質(zhì)

完形填空題與語法選擇題和詞匯選擇題雖然都是填空題,但在試題性質(zhì)和測(cè)試目的上是完全不同的。語法、結(jié)構(gòu)單項(xiàng)填空通常是以一個(gè)句子的形式出現(xiàn)的,通過選擇一個(gè)答案,這個(gè)答案在語法上能夠使這個(gè)句子完整。詞匯選擇題通常也是以一個(gè)句子的形式出現(xiàn)的,通過選擇一個(gè)答案,這個(gè)答案能夠使這個(gè)句子在意義上完整。而做完形填空題則基于整個(gè)語篇的理解,要求考生掌握相當(dāng)數(shù)量的詞匯、句型、詞組和有一定的閱讀理解能力,和詞語搭配能力,綜合運(yùn)用語言知識(shí)的能力。由此可見完形填空題是閱讀題,是一種難度較大的題型。是一種對(duì)考生閱讀理解能力的測(cè)試。

二、完形填空的題型特色

1、填空類型分析

完形填空題的詞項(xiàng)有兩大類：實(shí)詞和虛詞。實(shí)詞指：動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞和數(shù)詞；虛詞指：介詞及介詞短語、連詞和冠詞。還有一種劃分是把完形填空題分為語義和動(dòng)能兩大類,如果該題型要求考生填入實(shí)詞,這種填空題為語義類；如果該題型要求考生填入虛詞,這種填空題為功能類。筆者分析并統(tǒng)計(jì)高考英語試題中的完形填空題以填實(shí)詞〔動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞、數(shù)詞為主,虛詞〔連詞、介詞、介詞短語為次；也就是說以語義類為主,功能類為次。這就意味著完形填空題主要測(cè)試考生的閱讀能力和英語語言知識(shí)綜合運(yùn)用能力。

2、短文長度分析

從短文的長度來看,近10年高考中,每篇短文平均為221個(gè)單詞。

3、間隔設(shè)計(jì)分析

完形填空題的難易取決于兩個(gè)因素：1所取的短文本身所含的生詞量、語法、句子結(jié)構(gòu)、句子長短、文化背景等；2空格之間的長度,空格與空格之間的長度越長,填空難度就越小,長度越小難度就越大。

4、成分與結(jié)構(gòu)分析

從完形填空所填入的句子成分來看,以謂語、定語、賓語、狀語居多,還有表語、及其他成分,以及非謂語動(dòng)詞、習(xí)慣搭配、固定詞組、介詞短語和各種句型等。從結(jié)構(gòu)上分析,完形填空所提供的四個(gè)選項(xiàng),如果單從本句的結(jié)構(gòu)來看,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以填入空格,但從意義上看只有一個(gè)答案。如1993年上海市高考英語試題的完形填空題的第61題：This___61__thatyoucanwatchthemovementofhiseyesashereadsthepage.____62__youdothis,youwillseethatyourfriend’seyesdonotmakeacontinuousforwardsweep.____63___theyprogressbylittle"jumps",moving,thenstopping,astheyprogressalongtheline.61.<A>shows<B>means<C>expresses<D>proves

本題所提供的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是動(dòng)詞,都能接賓語從句,后面跟的正是賓語從句,從結(jié)構(gòu)上看四個(gè)答案都能填入空格,然而從四個(gè)詞的意義來看,應(yīng)該用means<意味著>,因?yàn)橹挥衜eans才符合題意。有的單從這一句的語法、語言知識(shí)來看,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)填入都能成立,但從整個(gè)語篇考慮,答案只有一個(gè)。再如20XX全國英語高考卷的完形填空題第29題：Worsestill,Dad___27___astepandfell,sendingmynewsuitcases__28___downthestairs."Damn!"hescreamed,hisfaceturningred.Iknew___29___wasahead.WheneverDad’sfaceturnsred___30___!29.<A>suffering<B>difficulty<C>trouble<D>danger根據(jù)本句的結(jié)構(gòu)分析,這個(gè)空格是主語的位置,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以做主語,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都能填進(jìn)去；從意義上看,如果不考慮上下文,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都對(duì)；但如果你看了下文你就可以知道應(yīng)該選C,trouble做答案。從語篇考慮,從全局考慮,瞻前顧后,瀏覽全文,整體感知,前后連貫,固定詞組,習(xí)慣搭配,結(jié)構(gòu)意義等,是完形填空題的最大特色。

三、完形填空的解題思路與技巧

1、整體瀏覽抓住主題

在做完形填空題前,首先要整體瀏覽,對(duì)全文快速閱讀一遍,了解文章的大意,掌握文章的主題,并留心文中的關(guān)鍵詞,了解這篇短文說什么,發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、文章的目的、作者的觀點(diǎn)與態(tài)度等,這對(duì)于做好完形填空題能起到事半功倍的效果。因此,了解文章的主題和大意就顯得十分重要。人們常說‘看書先看皮,看報(bào)先看題’,這是因?yàn)闀姆饷婧蛨?bào)紙的標(biāo)題都能傳達(dá)一本書和一篇文章的主題。但是完形填空題所選短文一般都是沒有標(biāo)題的,那么要掌握文章的主題怎么辦。要找到文章的主題,首先要找到文章的主題句,因?yàn)橹黝}句就能反映文章的主題。文章總是圍繞一定的主題展開的,而每一個(gè)段落則是說明主題的一個(gè)方面,概括了一個(gè)段落的中心思想的句子就是主題句。主題句常常出現(xiàn)在段首與段尾,在段首就是一段文章開頭的一兩句,在段尾就是文章的最后一句；因此瀏覽短文時(shí),首先要細(xì)讀段首與段尾；比較起來,主題句位于段首的比例更高一些,所以,首段的第一句或最后一句往往是主題句,它就是引領(lǐng)整篇文章的主旨,是文章的靈魂,因此要抓住不放。作者要支持自己的觀點(diǎn),那么第二段就是作者圍繞主題展開的正文。以20XX上海市秋季高考英語試卷完形填空為例：

例1

Bedtimestoriesareoneofthedelightsofearlychildhood.ButaccordingtoDr.JulieSpreadburyfromQueenslandUniversity,parentsshouldnot61<give>upreadingtotheirchildren62<after>theyenterprimaryschool.Shesayslisteningto,readinganddiscussingthestorieshelpchildren’s63<development>.

"My64<research>indicatesthatoncechildrencanreadthemselves,mostparentsstopreading65<to>them,"Dr.Spreadburysays.

"66<That>maybeattheendoftheYear1,whichisfartoo67<early>."

Dr.Spreadburysays68<bedtime>readingnotonlygiveschildrenagoodstartatschool,butbringsparentsandtheirchildrencloser.

"Thismakesit69<easier>forthemtoopenupandtalktoparentsaboutthingsthatareworryingthem,orthingstheyare70<celebrating>intheireverydaylife.

從上述短文我們可以看出,‘Shesayslisteningto,readinganddiscussingthestorieshelpchildren’s63<development>.’是該短文的主題句,這是因?yàn)橄旅娴娜味际菄@著這個(gè)主題展開的。

2、再讀全篇試填答案

許多考生都有這樣的經(jīng)歷,做完形填空題時(shí),一看到題目就做,結(jié)果自己感到很有把握的答案錯(cuò)了,問題就是對(duì)短文的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)沒有完整、清晰的了解和把握。因此讀第二遍就顯得很有必要,這樣就可以使考生對(duì)短文有更好的把握。在讀第二遍時(shí),對(duì)于一眼就能看出的答案,不必糾纏,馬上就填入,對(duì)于那些看看有點(diǎn)像,但沒有把握的答案,可以開始試填,待看完第二遍時(shí),再來看看試填的答案,如發(fā)現(xiàn)先前填得不對(duì),這時(shí)應(yīng)該及時(shí)更正,這時(shí)你就會(huì)比較有把握,也比較有信心了。以20XX上海市秋季高考英語試卷完形填空為例：

例2

ChinesescientistsareagainbecomingexcitedaboutthefactthatalargehairyanimalmayliveincentralChina.Nowtheyhopeitwon’tbetoolongbeforetheyareableto71<prove>itsexistence.Theirconfidenceisthe72<result>ofanewdiscoveryofthemysteryanimalinHubeiProvince.

TenChinese73<engineers>,enjoyingaholidayinaNationalForestPark,weredrivingdownaroad.Astheirbusturnedacorner,themenweresuddenly74<amazed>bywhattheysaw.Three75<tall>animals,coveredwithlongdarkhair,werecrossingtheroad.Onseeingtheanimals,theengineersimmediatelystoppedand76<ranafter>them.77<However>,whentheysawhowtheanimalsmovedthroughtheforestwithgreat78<speed>andstrength,theydidnotdaretofollowanyfurther.Themendidnottakeany79<photographs>.However,scientistsare80<delighted>bythediscovery,becausetheengineerswereallverywelleducatedpeopleandscientistsfeeltheycan81<relyon>whattheydescribed.

Afterthediscovery,scientistsreturnedtotheforestand82<collected>somehairandmeasuredfootprints.About20inchesappearstobethelengthoftheanimal’sfoot!Chinesescientistshavenowsetupaspecialgrouptoexchangeinformationandmakea83<study>oftheforest.Butinthemeantime,somepeople84<refuse>tobelievethatthishalf-man,half-monkeyexists.Theywillnotbelievethatitis85<real>untiloneoftheanimalshasbeencaught.

71.tectd.check

72.a.basisb.requirementc.resultd.preparation

73.ersb.engineersc.scientistsd.explorers

74.a.frightenedb.amazedc.upsetd.inspired

75.a.trainedb.rejectedc.talld.violent

76.a.shotatb.lookedatc.foughtwithd.ranafter

77.a.Howeverb.Indeedc.Meanwhiled.Anyway

78.a.difficultyb.speedc.cared.pleasure

79.a.bulletsb.toolsc.medicinesd.photographs

80.a.surprisedb.delightedc.disturbedd.supported

81.a.relyonb.dealwithc.writedownd.passon

82.a.cutb.pulledc.collectedd.tore

83.a.filmb.tourc.choiced.study

84.eb.refusec.preferd.have

85.a.wrongb.alivec.reald.correct

在做73題時(shí),我們可以試選ers,因?yàn)楹竺嬗小甧njoyingaholidayinaNationalForestPark,weredrivingdownaroad.’但我們?cè)偻伦x時(shí),就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)travelers不對(duì),而應(yīng)該選b.engineers,因?yàn)樵诘诙挝覀儠?huì)看到‘Onseeingtheanimals,theengineersimmediatelystopped…’,這里的theengineers顯然是指themen和tenChineseengineers。再如74題,很多學(xué)生一開始會(huì)選a.frightened,因?yàn)槭芰撕竺婢渥拥挠绊懀骸甌hree__75____animals,coveredwithlongdarkhair,werecrossingtheroad.’特別是受到‘coveredwithlongdarkhair’的影響。當(dāng)下文的空格完成以后,我們就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)選frightened不對(duì),而應(yīng)選b.amazed,因?yàn)橄挛挠小甇nseeingtheanimals,theengineersimmediatelystoppedand76<ranafter>them.’如果中國工程師們werefrightened<frighten:vt.tofillwithfear;alarm充滿恐懼；驚恐>,他們就不會(huì)stoppedandranafterthem.所以要選amazed<astonished>.這是一個(gè)非常典型的關(guān)于‘再讀全篇試填答案’的例子。當(dāng)你做題目沒有把握時(shí),就先試填,待文章看完時(shí)再回過頭來檢查你試填的答案,這不失為做完形填空題的好方法之一。

3、瞻前顧后尋找關(guān)聯(lián)

我們?cè)凇僮x全篇,試填答案’一節(jié)中所談的已涉及到‘瞻前顧后尋找關(guān)聯(lián)’的某些含義,但側(cè)重‘試填’；而我們將在這里側(cè)重談‘瞻前顧后尋找關(guān)聯(lián)’。完形填空題的特點(diǎn)基于整個(gè)語篇的理解,不從單句入手,有時(shí)如果從某一個(gè)單句來理解,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以填入,但從整個(gè)語篇來看,答案只有一個(gè)。一般來講,一個(gè)學(xué)生如果具有較高語言水平,較好的文化背景知識(shí),史地及其他知識(shí)比較豐富的話,做該題型的困難就會(huì)比較少；可容忍被挖掉的詞就會(huì)多一些,反之亦然。但對(duì)于相同知識(shí)水平的學(xué)生來講,講究方法就尤其重要了。在做題目的時(shí)候,首先要對(duì)空格前后句子,然后對(duì)該空格相應(yīng)的選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行全面分析。通過‘瞻前顧后,尋找關(guān)聯(lián)’來確定空格中的詞的詞性、意思、和功能。如果是功能性的空格,則要求學(xué)生填入虛詞即連詞、介詞、冠詞等,那么就應(yīng)根據(jù)功能來選答案。如果是語法問題,那么就要考慮時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)是否符合上下文、主謂是否一致；如果是語義空格,那么則要求考生填入實(shí)詞即動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞等,那么就要通過上下文進(jìn)行分析,根據(jù)文章的語義環(huán)境,做到‘瞻前顧后,尋找關(guān)聯(lián)’,然后作出合理的判斷。以20XX上海市秋季高考英語試卷完形填空為例：

例3

Haveyoueverregretteddoingsomethingyoushouldn’thavedoneorsomethingyoudidn’tdowhichyoushouldhave?Atonetimeoranotherweprobablyallhave.There’sno51<point>ingettingdepressedaboutitnow—it’sno52<use>cryingoverspiltmilk.However,theremaybesomegaininthinkingaboutexactlywhathappenedandwhy53<because>wemightbeabletodrawsomeconclusionsforthefuture.

Onethingwealldonowandagainistoloseour54<temper>withafriendorcloserelative.Theoddthingisthatwemoreoftendisplaygreat55<anger>towardssomeonewearefondofthantowards56<strangers>.Theexplanationmaybethatweseefriendsandrelativesasakindofsafetynet,anopportunityto57<letoff>abitofsteaminasafeenvironment,whiletheconsequencesof58<insulting>astrangercouldbefarmoreserious.

Beinghonestisusuallythoughtofasavirtueandundoubtedlythisisthe59<case>.Ontheotherhand,wehaveallexperiencedoccasionswhenwehavespokenourmindstosomeone,tellingthemexactlywhatwefeel,andthenhavefoundourselvesfilledwithfeelingsof60<guilt>.Perhapsweshouldhavekeptourmouthsshut?

51.a.reasonb.purposec.pointd.result

52.a.useb.helpc.valued.benefit

53.a.sob.becausec.butd.though

54.a.mindb.memoryc.mannerd.temper

55.erestc.loved.respect

56.a.strangersb.friendsc.relativesd.colleagues

57.a.runthroughb.throwawayc.giveupd.letoff

58.a.invitingb.insultingc.speakingtod.believingin

59.a.issueb.casec.eventd.factor

60.a.excitementb.happinessc.prided.guilt

以做55題為例,單從這一句來看,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)erestc.loved.respect都可以填進(jìn)去,但從下文的‘weseefriendsandrelativesasakindofsafetynet,’<我們把朋友和親戚看作一種安全網(wǎng)。>‘a(chǎn)nopportunitytoletoffabitofsteaminsafeenvironment’<一種在安全環(huán)境中可以宣泄怨氣的機(jī)會(huì)>。再從前文的‘Theoddthingisthat…<奇怪的事是…>,因此第55題可以判斷選anger,這樣才能符合題義：‘奇怪的事是我們更經(jīng)常地對(duì)我們喜歡的某些人發(fā)泄憤怒。’在做這個(gè)題目的時(shí)候,我們‘瞻前’又‘顧后’,所以就比較順利。再比如做54題,我們也可以從下文的‘weseefriendsandrelativesasakindofsafetynet,’<我們把朋友和親戚看作一種安全網(wǎng)。>和‘a(chǎn)nopportunitytoletoffabitofsteaminsafeenvironment’得到啟示,很容易看出要選d,以構(gòu)成loseourtemper的結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)這一原則,我們就能順利地選出56題的答案是a,strangers,這是因?yàn)樯衔奶岬降摹覀儼雅笥押陀H戚看作一種安全網(wǎng)’,也就是說我們經(jīng)常對(duì)朋友和親戚發(fā)脾氣比較安全,而對(duì)strangers發(fā)脾氣的后果就比較嚴(yán)重,據(jù)此我們也就能夠很容易得出結(jié)論58題應(yīng)該選b,insulting。我們?cè)谧鐾晷翁羁疹}時(shí),做到瞻前顧后,尋找關(guān)聯(lián),這樣就能做到在高考中得高分。

4、完形完義立足全局

做完形填空有兩個(gè)程序：一是完形〔選擇選項(xiàng),然后填補(bǔ)空白；二是完義完形填空專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練〔一TheMinistryofEducationhassparednoeffortstobringonITlearning.Whatisitsmainaim?Isittoteachstudentshowtolearnthecomputerorisitmeanttochangetheusualmethodofteachinginorderto

1students’stronginterestincomputers?Teachingstudentscomputerknowledgeandskillsisdifferent

2givingclasslessonsthroughtheuseofcomputers.Andschoolsarebeginningtopaymuchattentiontousingcomputerstoteachstudents.Thereis

3aboutthefactthatITlearningplaysanimportantroleasanewteachingtoolinthisdayoftechnology.

4,viewsdifferonwhethertheschoolscanachievetheirtargets,assuccess

5whethertheycanmakeuseofcomputerseffectively.Let’stakethesubjectofChineseasanexampleandsee

6difficultiestheexpertsfaceintheirITmanagement.Atpresent,20percentoflessonsaregivenwiththehelpofcomputers.Inotherwords,inaperiodof10weeks,aChinese-languageteachermustspendtwoweekstoteachthesubject

7.IncarryingoutsuchamajorpolicyasITlearning,theexpertsshouldknowthe

8thatdifferentteachersteachingdifferentsubjectshavedifferentdemands,thusmakingit

9toseethepolicythrough.Someteachers,havingalreadygotsomecomputerknowledge,willstillbeforcedto

10thetrainingcourseswiththosewhohavezeroknowledgeaboutcomputer.Anotherproblemisthatnewteachersmaybesenttoworkinschools

11ITlearninghasjuststarted.Allteachers—includingtheseniorswhoarevery12inteaching,butwhosuddenlyhavenoideawhattodowhenitcomestocomputerswillhaveto

13fromtheverybeginning.Theywillbecome

14andtheirteachingperformancesmaybebadlyaffected.Theexpertshavefoundouthowmuchofeachsubjectistaughtbycomputersineveryschool,andhave

15allschoolstocompletethegivenwork.Ahard-pressedteachermayputthedailyteaching

16orthecoursesontothecomputerjusttoordertherequiredtimeforITlearningandthen

17theusualway.Furthermore,hemayleaveschoolworktohis

18throughthecomputerbeforeclasscomestoanendinorderto"complete"hisITlearning

19.

201.A.show B.be C.match D.have2.A.with B.to C.in D.from3.A.noreason B.nodoubt C.noneed D.notime4.A.However B.Therefore C.And D.So5.A.dependson B.leadsto C.resultsin D.believesin6.A.that B.such C.what D.how7.A.theusualway B.theregularwayC.thebestway D.thenewway8.A.fact B.message C.news D.truth9.A.easy B.helpful C.hard D.fast10.A.sitfor B.runfor C.give D.attend11.A.forwhich B.that C.where D.which12.A.interested B.satisfied C.successful D.experienced13.A.work B.start C.teach D.manage14.A.pleased B.disappointed C.certain Dfortable15.A.ordered B.improved C.encouraged D.instructed16.A.methods B.skills C.programs D.performances17.A.makealiving B.givelessonsC.gotolectures D.doeswork18.A.work-mates B.headmastersC.instructors D.students19.A.skills B.experiences C.duties D.methods20.A.As B.Solongas C.Eventhough D.Asfaras〔二TimBeckerandhisneighborsaredoingsomethingtomaketheirneighborhoodatrouble-freearea.WhenTimBeckergetsinhiscartogoshopping,hedoesn’t

1drivetoastoreandbackhome.Healwayslooks

2upanddownthestreetsofhisneighborhood.Helooksforanything3suchasstrangecars,loudnoises,4windows,orpeoplegatheringonstreetcomers.Tim5toaneighborhoodwatchgroupinStoneville,Indiana,USA.Theneighborhoodwatchgroup6onthethirdWednesdayofeverymonth.That’s7.TimgetstogetherwithabouttenofhisneighborstodiscusscommunityTinaStedman,presidentof10neighborhoodwatchgroup,agreeswithTim."Peopleseemtothinkthatcrimehappenstootherpeoplebutnot11them.Well,it’sneverhappenedtome,"shesaid,"butIdon’tthinkanyonehasthe12tostealfromotherpeopleortomakethemfeel13sittingintheirownhomes."Alex,amemberofthegroup,saidthatalltheneighbors14outforoneanother,"We15eachother’shomes.Wekeepwatchontheneighborhoodatnightandonweekends.Usuallya16offourorfiveofusgoesouttogether.Ifsomethingdoesn’tlookright,thenwecallthe17.Forexample,ifwenoticeagroupofteenagerswhoseemtobelookingfor18,orsomeonedestroyingproperty,wereporttothepolice."Alexfeelstheneighborhoodwatchgroups19alotinkeepingcrimedown.HerhusbandJimagrees,"Policearegoodpeople,buttheycan’tdo20."1.A.yet B.still C.just D.rather2.A.carefully B.clearly C.nervously D.coldly3.A.familiar B.unusual C.expensive D.interesting4.A.curtained B.open C.old D.broken5.A.attends B.belongs C.goes D.turns6.A.meets B.quarrels C.sings D.searches7.A.where B.why C.when D.how8.A.politics B.wealth C.health D.safety9.A.keep B.hold C.let D.protect10.A.its B.his C.their D.your11.A.round B.on C.about D.to12.A.right B.chance C.courage D.mind13.A.unlucky B.unsafe C.disappointed D.discouraged14.A.set B.let C.hold D.look15.A.care B.enter C.watch D.manage16.A.group B.set C.number D.crowd17.A.judges B.police C.firemen D.doctors18.A.work B.burden C.service D.trouble19.A.produce B.find C.get D.help20.A.anything B.evening C.harm D.wrong〔三Peopledonotanalyzeeveryproblemtheymeet.Sometimestheytrytorememberasolutionfromthelasttimetheyhada1problem.Theyoftenaccepttheopinionorideasofotherpeople.Othertimestheybegintoactwithoutthinking;theytrytofindasolutionbytrialanderror.2,whenallofthesemethodsfail,thepersonwithaproblemhastostartanalyzing.Therearesix3in4thepersonmustrecognizethatthereisaproblem.Forexample,Sam’sbicycleisbroken,andhecannotrideittoclassasheusuallydoes.Sammust5thatthereisaproblemwithhisbicycle.Nextthepersonmustfindtheproblem.BeforeSamcanrepairhisbicycle,hemustknowwhyitdoesnotwork.Forexample,hemust6thepartsthatarewrong.Nowthepersonmustlookfor7thatwillmaketheproblemclearerandleadto8solutions.Forexample,supposeSamdecidesthathisbikedoesnotworkbecausethereissomethingwrongwiththebrakes.9,hecanlookinhisbicyclerepairbookandreadaboutbrakes,10hisfriendsatthebikeshop,orlookathisbrakescarefully.After11theproblem,thepersonshouldhave12suggestionsforapossiblesolution.TakeSamasanexample13,hissuggestionsmightbe:tightenorloosenthebrakes;buynewbrakesandchangetheoldones.Intheend,one14seemstobethesolutiontotheproblem.Sometimesthe15ideacomesquite16becausethethinkersuddenlyseessomethingneworseessomethingina17way.Sam,forexample,suddenlyseesthereisapieceofchewinggum<口香糖>stucktoabrake.He18hitsonthesolutiontohisproblem:hemust19thebrake.Finallythesolutionis20.Samdoesitandfindshisbicycleworksperfectly.Inshorthehassolvedtheproblem.1.A.serious B.usual C.similar Dmon2.A.Besides B.Instead C.Otherwise D.However3.A.ways B.conditions C.stages D.orders4.A.First B.Usually C.Ingeneral D.Mostimportantly5.A.explain B.prove C.show D.see6.A.check B.determine C.correct D.recover7.A.answers B.skills C.explanation D.information8.A.possible B.exact C.real D.special9.A.Inotherwords B.OnceinawhileC.Firstofall D.Atthistime10.A.lookfor B.talkto C.agreewith D.dependon11.A.discussing B.settlingdown Cparingwith D.studying12.A.extra B.enough C.several D.countless13.A.secondly B.again C.also D.alone14.A.suggestion B.conclusion C.decision D.discovery15.A.next B.clear C.final D.new16.A.unexpectedly B.late C.clearly D.often17.A.simple B.different C.quick D.sudden18.A.fortunately B.easily C.clearly D.immediately19.A.clean B.separate C.loosen D.remove20.A.recorded Bpleted C.tested D.accepted〔四Hehasbeencalledthe"missinglink".Half-man,half-beast.Heissupposedtoliveinthehighestmountainintheworld—MountEverest.HeisknownastheAbominableSnowman.The1ofSnowmanhasbeenaroundfor2.Climbersinthe1920sreportedfindingmarkslikethoseofhumanfeethighuponthesideofMountEverest.Thenativepeoplesaidthey3thiscreatureandcalleditthe"Yeti",andtheysaidthattheyhad4caughtYetisontwooccasions5nonehaseverbeenproducedasevidence.Overtheyears,thestoryoftheYetishas6.In1916,EricShiptontookphotographsofasetoftracksinthesnowofEverest.Shiptonbelievedthattheywerenot7thetracksofamonkeyorbearand8thattheAbominableSnowmanmightreally9.FurthereffortshavebeenmadetofindoutaboutYetis.Buttheonlythingspeoplehaveeverfoundwere10footprints.Mostbelievethefootprintsarenothingmorethan11animaltracks,whichhadbeenmade12astheymeltedandrefrozeinthesnow.13,in1964,aRussianscientistsaidthattheAbominableSnowmanwas14andwasaremaininglinkwiththeprehistorichumans.But,15,noevidencehasever16beenproduced.Thesedays,onlyafewpeoplecontinuetotakethestoryofAbominableSnowman17,butiftheyever18catchingone,theymayfaceareal19:Wouldtheyputitina20orgiveitaroominahotel?1.A.event B.story C.adventure D.description2.A.centuries B.toolong C.sometime D.manyyears3.A.heardfrom B.caredfor C.knewof D.readabout4.A.even B.hardly C.certainly D.probably5.A.as B.though C.when D.until6.A.developed B.changed C.occurred D.continued7.A.entirely B.naturally C.clearly D.simply8.A.found B.declared C.felt D.doubted9.A.exist B.escape C.disappear D.return10.A.clearer B.more C.possible D.rare11.A.huge B.recent C.ordinary D.frightening12.A.strange B.large C.deep D.rough13.A.Intheend B.Therefore C.Afterall D.However14.A.imagined B.real C.special D.familiar15.A.so B.besides C.again D.instead16.A.rightly B.actually C.normally D.particularly17.A.lightly B.jokingly C.seriously D.properly18.A.succeedin B.insiston C.dependon D.joinin19.A.decision B.situation C.subject D.problem20.A.zoo B.mountain C.museum D.laboratory〔五Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.<A>Whenyourwalletisnearlyemptyoryourcheckbalanceislow,youknowyouarenearingyourspending__45__.Butifyouusecredit,youcan__46__withoutrealizingit-untilthebillscomein.That'swhywisecredituse__47__planningandmonitoring.Takealookatyour__48__creditsitu