初中英語動(dòng)詞專題

動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的含義I動(dòng)詞是表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞，在句子中做謂語。動(dòng)詞的基本形式：動(dòng)詞原形、過去式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。動(dòng)詞的種類:類別特點(diǎn)舉例及物動(dòng)詞（vt）跟賓語Ilikemusic.不及物動(dòng)詞（vi）不跟賓語Itrainedlastnight.系動(dòng)詞跟表語Iamadoctor.Sheisanurse.Weareveryhappy.助動(dòng)詞跟動(dòng)詞原形或分詞Idon'tlikeplayingbasketball.Ihaveseenthismoviebefore.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞跟動(dòng)詞原形ShecanspeakJapanese.I動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) （3種結(jié)構(gòu)）表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作；或普遍真理、客觀事實(shí)；或某種狀態(tài)?！爸?謂?（賓）”結(jié)構(gòu)Peteralwaysspendstoomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.Aliceusuallygoestoschoolbybusinthemorning.Ilikelisteningtoclassicalmusic.“There?be”結(jié)構(gòu)Thereisamaponthewall.Therearesomebirdsinthesky.“主?系?表”結(jié)構(gòu)It’sverycoldtoday.Theearthisbiggerthanthemoon.Myfatherisateacher.動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)

動(dòng)詞特征構(gòu)成例詞一般動(dòng)詞詞尾加slike-likes以ch,sh,s,o,x結(jié)尾記憶技巧：吃(ch)蛇(sh,s)后喝XO詞尾加esteach-teachesdo-doesgo-goeswash-washespass-passesmix-mixesfax-faxes（發(fā)送傳真）以y結(jié)尾輔音字母+y,變y為i，再加esstudy-studiescarry-carriestry-tries元音字母+y,直接加splay-playsstay-stayssay-says一般過去時(shí) (3種結(jié)構(gòu))表示發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作。在一般過去時(shí)的句子中,動(dòng)詞必須用過去式.動(dòng)詞過去式及過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成法詞例(1)一般情況下加edwork--worked--workedplay--played--played(2)以e結(jié)尾的，加dlive--lived--livedlike--liked--liked(3)以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，改y為i,再加ed.study--studied--studiedcry--cried--cried(4)以重讀閉音節(jié)或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，要雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加ed.stop--stopped--stoppedprefer--preferred--preferredrefer-referred-referredoccur-occurred-occurred不規(guī)則變化(參考課本)一般過去時(shí)常見的提示：yesterday;thedaybeforeyesterday;last（week/month/year/Sunday--)this---；justnow；---ago;after---;when---等等。注：當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞是行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，肯定句用動(dòng)詞的過去式表達(dá)，構(gòu)成疑問句或否定句時(shí)，需借助did或didn't構(gòu)成，謂語動(dòng)詞要還原成原形。例如：Iwenttothezooyesterday.Mymotherdidn’tgototheparklastweekend.DidJimcometoseeyoulastnight?現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示目前正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。(只有延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有進(jìn)行時(shí)；非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞沒有進(jìn)行時(shí))主語+系動(dòng)詞(am/is/are)+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成構(gòu)成法詞例(1)一般情況下加ing.work--working；learn--learning(2)以e結(jié)尾的，去掉e，再加ing.live--living；take--taking(3)以重讀閉音節(jié)或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個(gè)*輔音字母的詞，要雙寫這個(gè)*輔音字母，再加ing.sit--sitting； stop--stoppingchat--chatting；refer--referring(4)以ie結(jié)尾的，要改ie為y，再加ing.tie--tying；lie--lying現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志：Look；Listen；now；atthemoment/atpresentLook.Aliceisreadingamagazineoverthere.Listen.PeterissingingaChinesesong.AliceistalkingtoPeternow.I’mlearningJapaneseatthemoment.特殊情況：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)，它們的現(xiàn)在分詞形式表示將來時(shí)。主語+(am/is/are)+非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：表示將來時(shí)。I’mgoingtoschoolnow.MaryisleavingforNewYorksoon.SpringFestivaliscoming.I’marrivinginBeijing.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去的某時(shí)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。主語+系動(dòng)詞(was/were)+現(xiàn)在分詞Davidwasdoinghishomeworkat8o’clockyesterday.Iwasdoingmyhomeworkathistimeyesterday.TomwashavingbreakfastwhenMarycalledhim.一般將來時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或計(jì)劃或打算作某事。主語+will+動(dòng)詞原形主語+(am/is/are)+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形主語+(am/is/are)+非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：例如：Iwilltellyouthegoodnews.JohnisgoingtovisitHangzhounextweek.MyfatheriscomingtoQingdaotomorrow.一般將來時(shí)常見的提示：tomorrow;thedayaftertomorrow;nextweek;inthefuture;inthreedays;thisevening,soon,attheendofthisterm一般將來時(shí)的用法.表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如：WewillgettoShanghaitomorrow..在“祈使句+and/or+句子”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中，“句子”用一般將來時(shí)。例如：Getupearly,andyouwillcatchtheearlybus.Hurryup,oryouwillbelateforschool.“begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形”與“will+動(dòng)詞原形”begoingto和will在一般情況下可以互換，但是在下列情況下將來時(shí)要用will。說明例句帶有意愿色彩Iwillhelpyoulater.問對(duì)方是否愿意或客氣的邀請(qǐng)或命令Willyoupleaseclosethedoor?Willyougowithme?在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中，如果主句是一般將來時(shí)，用willMr.Wangwillcomeifitdoesn'train.HewillcallusassoonashegetstoHongKong.過去將來時(shí)表示在過去的某時(shí)計(jì)劃或打算作某事。(間接引語/賓語從句)主語+would+動(dòng)詞原形主語+(was/were)+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形主語+(was/were)+非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)名詞例如：Ithoughtyouwouldhelptheoldman.Marywasgoingtotakepartinthismeeting.HesaidhewasleavingforHongKong.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 含義：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示“過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在所造成的結(jié)果或影響”.漢語譯文中經(jīng)常含有“已經(jīng)”、“曾經(jīng)”、“還沒有”等詞語.構(gòu)成：主語+have/has+過去分詞例如：Ihaveseenthismoviebefore.（結(jié)果：我了解這部影片的內(nèi)容）Hehashadagoodeducation.（結(jié)果：他的知識(shí)水平很高）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見的標(biāo)志：sofar/uptonow;recently;inrecentyears;before;inthepast…/inthelast…/overthepast…/overthelast…since/for:既可以用于“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”,也可以用于“現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)”.already/yet/ever/never/before:既可以用于“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”,也可以用于“過去完成時(shí)”.Ihavealreadyfinishedthework./Ihavejustfinishedthework.Haveyoufinishedtheworkyet?Ihaven’tfinishedmyworkyet.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以接一段時(shí)間；非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞后面不能接一段時(shí)間,如果要接一段時(shí)間，就必須把非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞替換成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.come--behere Hecameheretwohoursago.Hehasbeenherefortwohours.go--beout/beawayTheywentoutanhourago.Theyhavebeenoutforanhour.leave---beawayTomlefttenminutesago.

leave---beawayTomhasbeenawayfortenminutes.buy---havebegin---beonIboughtthisdictionary10yearsago.buy---havebegin---beonIhavehadthisdictionaryfor10years.Thefilmbeganfiveminutesago.Thefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes.某些延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（如：lookfor,watch,waitfor,live,work,develop,teach,learn,study,rain等）與since或for連用時(shí)，表示“從過去的某一時(shí)刻起，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作”，它們的“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”可以與“現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)”互相替換。Hehaslivedherefor20years.Hehasbeenlivingherefor20years.▲havebeento表示“曾經(jīng)去過---” : IhavebeentoBeijingbefore.▲havegoneto表示“已經(jīng)去了---” : TheyhavegonetoJapan.過去完成時(shí)主語+had+過去分詞表示在過去的某個(gè)動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作--“過去的過去”.Bytheendoflastmonth,wehadlearned12Englishsongs.Bythetimehegothome,alltheguestshadleft.Whentheyarrivedattherailwaystation，thetrainhadalreadyleft.BeforeIwenttobed，Ihadfinishedreadingthatbook.AfterIhadfinishedreadingthebook，Iwenttobed.“bytheendoflast---”只能用于“過去完成時(shí)”Bytheendoflastmonth,wehadlearned5000Englishwords.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 主語+have/has+been+現(xiàn)在分詞表示從過去的某一時(shí)刻起到現(xiàn)在，一直在做某事。IhavebeenwaitingforyourreplysinceIsentyoualetterIhavebeenlivingherefor20yearsIthasbeenrainingsincelastnightSince1989,WangGanghasbeenworkinginthiscompany.HehasbeenlearningEnglishfor10years.專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練1.Heoften totheparkwithsomefriendsonSunday;s.hasgoneA.go B.goes C.isgoingD.2.Tom'sfather listeningtoclassicalmusic.A.like B.don’tlike C.likesD.isliking3. yourmother upearlyinthemorning.A.Do/get B.Do/gets C.Does/getsD.Does/get4.Look,theboys footballontheplayground.A.play B.playing C.areplayingD.isplay5.PeterwentswimmingwithMikeyesterday, he?A.did B.does C.didn'tD.doesn't6.I aUFOintheskywhileIwastalkingawalkinthestreetjustnow.A.saw B.haveseen C.willseeD.wasseeing7.Fred amodelplanewhenIwenttoseehim.A.makes B.ismaking C.wasmakingD.made8.I'lltellhertocallyoubackwhenshe back.A.willcome B.comes C.hascomeD.iscoming9.Myfather cigarettes,hethinksitisharmfulforhealth.10.11.A. didn'tsmoke B. don'tsmokeC. doesn'tsmokes D. doesn'tsmokeI 2000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.A. hadlearned B. havelearnedC. wouldlearn D. waslearningHowlong you themobilephone?A.havebought B.have/had C.did/buyD.do/buy12.Mybrother toLondonmanytimes,soheknowsLondonverywell.A.wasgoing B.went C.hasbeenD.hasgone13.Iwanttoknowifyoufreetomorrowevening.Ifyoufree,I’dliketoinviteyoutodinner.A.willbe/are B.are/willbeC.are/are D.willbe/willbeListen,themusicverynice.A. issounding B. sound C.sounds D. issoundedImybesttolearnEnglishwellfromnowon.A. tried B. havetried C.amtrying D. willtryOurteachertoldusthatlightfasterthansound.A.travelled B.travels C.hadtravelledD.istravelledMrBrownisn'tathomenow.Hetohisoffice.A.hadgone B.hadbeen C.hasgone D.hasbeenHesaidhewouldgotothemovieswithusifhefree.

A.willbeB.wouldbe C.is D.was19.Jenny tovisithergrandmathreedaysago.A.wentB.goes C.hasgone D.hadgoneTheGreens A.hasbeeninC.hascometo Chinaforfiveyears.B.havebeeninD.havegoneto21.There _abasketballmatchinourschoolthedayaftertomorrow.A.willhavehaveB.willbe C.wouldbe D.isgoingto22.I toHainanforvacationinthreedays.A.wentB.go C.willgo D.wasgoingHowlong A.had/studiedC.do/study you FrenchbeforeyouwenttoParis?B.have/studiedD.would/study24.Hi,Peter.I A.don’tknowC.hadn’tknown youwerehere.B.haven’tknownD.didn’tknow25.Wewillgeteverythingreadybeforeshe here.A.willcomeB.comes C.wouldcome D.came26.Tom hiscoatandthenwentout.A.putonB.putson C.hadputon D.wouldputon27.Neitherofus interestedinfolksongs.A.wereB.am C.is D.are28.Iheardher inthenextroomwhenIgothome.A.playB.playing C.toplay D.playedLindaTVsince6o'clockthismorning.A.waswatching B.hasbeenwatchedC.hadwatched D.hasbeenwatchingHetoworkinafactoryattheageof17.A.began B.hasbegunC.wouldbegin D.hadbegunOnedaywhileIalongthestreet,Isomeonecallingme.A. walked/heard B. waswalking/was hearingC. waswalking/heard D. walked/washearingNeitherInorheinphysics.A. areinteresting B. areinterestedC. isinteresting D. isinterestedIinthebarforanhourbeforeshe.A. hadwaited /arrived B. waited/hadarrivedC. waswaiting/had arrived D. havewaited/arriveHehemebefore.A. said/has met B. said/hadmetC. says/had met D. issaying/hasmetTinasaidthatsheapartyathomethenextSaturdayevening.

36．37．A.hadheld B.willhold C.Whenhearrivedatthecinema,thefilm_A.was/starting B.C.has/started D.--Where’sMrGreen?——He Japanonbusiness.Hewouldhold D.isholding already .would/starthad/startedbackintwoweeks.38．39．A.hasgoneto/isC.hasbeento/comesHehasneverseensuchawonderfulA.hasn’the B.didn’tJean mewhetherIB.D.movieC.hasbeento/willbehasgoneto/willbebefore, hashe D.toLondonbefore.?didhe40．A.C.Iasked/hadasked/hasbeenbeenhersince2007.B.D.asked/wouldgoasked/wentA.seeing41.Ididn’tseeB.hadn’tseenlateinthemorningC.haven’tseen D.haven’inthepast,butnowItbeenearly.42.A.B.C.D.Iusedtogetamusedtousedtogetamusedforup/amusedtogetupgetting/usedtogetupup/amusedtogettingupgetting/usedtogetupthe