【高考專題】被動(dòng)語態(tài)

被動(dòng)語態(tài)語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用來表明主語與謂語動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。英語的語態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語闔表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。學(xué)習(xí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)，除了要熟練掌握各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成外，還要注意哪些動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，避免將一些不及物動(dòng)詞，如happen,occur,belong,remain等，誤當(dāng)作及物動(dòng)詞而用在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)之中。另外，一些特殊現(xiàn)象，如主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義與被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義等，也是學(xué)習(xí)中應(yīng)注意的問題?！镏鲃?dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，通常采用如下步驟：主動(dòng)語態(tài)f 被動(dòng)語態(tài)賓語f主語（若為賓格須變?yōu)橹鞲瘢?謂語動(dòng)詞fbe+過去分詞（注意be有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化）;3.主語f （根據(jù)句意需要）by+主動(dòng)語態(tài)句子的主語（若為主格須變?yōu)橘e格）;3.其余部分 f 其余部分。e.g.主動(dòng)語態(tài)：WespeakEnglisheveryday.主語調(diào)動(dòng)賓語 狀語（其余部分）被動(dòng)…被動(dòng)語態(tài)：Englishisspoken（byus）everyday.考點(diǎn)一被動(dòng)赭態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)由【be+過去分詞】構(gòu)成，成動(dòng)詞有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。被動(dòng)語態(tài)常見的時(shí)態(tài)變化:時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成be動(dòng)詞人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的形式變化主語謂語狀語be動(dòng)詞過去分詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Theworkisdoneeveryday.am/is/aredone一般過去時(shí)wasyesterday.was/weredone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)Theworkisbeingdoneatthemoment.am/is/arebeingdone過去進(jìn)行時(shí)wasbeinglastweek.was/werebeingdone一般將來時(shí)Theworkwillbedonenextweek.will/shallbedone過去將來時(shí)wouldbebeforeyoucame.wouldbedone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Theworkhasbeendonesinceyouleft.has/havebeendone過去完成時(shí)hadbeenbeforeyourarrival.hadbeendone將來完成時(shí)Theworkwillhavebeendonebytheendofnextterm.will/shallhavebeendone1/6

主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的5種1.跟雙賓語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)可接兩個(gè)賓語(即sb.sth.)的動(dòng)詞如give,send,teach,show,tell,pay,offer,promise,make等變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)f①sb.bedonesth.②sth.bedone了tosb.(表動(dòng)作"向誰做")tforsb.(表動(dòng)作“為誰做”)Theyofferedhimaposition.—Hewasofferedapositionbythem.—Apositionwasofferedtohimbythem.Mymommademeapairofpants.—Iwasmadeapairofpantsbymymom.—Apairofpantswasmadeformebymymom.2.【5看3使2聽1感覺】跟復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補(bǔ)）的被動(dòng)語態(tài)5看：see,lookat,watch,notice,observe3使：let,make,have2聽：hear,listento1感覺：feel,Isawherentertheroom.—Shewasseentoentertheroom(byme).特殊變化+sb.do變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞原形do前須加to,即:V+sb.do—sb.beV-edtodo3.動(dòng)詞短語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)動(dòng)詞短語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，要注意動(dòng)詞短語的完整性，動(dòng)詞后面的介詞或副詞不可遺漏。★【動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞】構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)有兩種變化形式。常見的此類短語有：takecareof,payattentionto,putanendto,makeuseof等。,Theysentforthedoctor.—Thedoctorwassentfor(bythem).★Peoplepaidnoattentiontome.—Iwaspaidnoattentionto.—Noattentionwaspaidtome.4.含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)f情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞★一些不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，如begoingto,haveto,beto,beaboutto,belikelyto,seemto在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)也有類似變化。,Thecomputermightberepairedbytomorrow.★Theplanisgoingtobecarriedoutnextweek.Thesedifficultiesaresuretobeovercome.5.謂動(dòng)為say,report,believe,think,know,consider等帶有賓從的句子的被動(dòng)語態(tài)f通常用it做形式主語，真正的主語在后面用主語從句來表示。?此結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)可改為【主語+be+過去分詞+不定式】的形式。,Peoplesaythathehasgotthefirstplaceintheexam.—Itissaidthathehasgotthefirstplaceintheexam.—Heissaidtohavegotthefirstplaceintheexam.,Peoplethinkheisasmartboy.—Itisthoughtthatheisasmartboy.—heisthoughttobeasmartboy.考點(diǎn)二被動(dòng)語態(tài)的適用范圍.強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者，將承受者作為談話的中心時(shí)，e.g.Immediateactionshouldbetakentoprotecttheenvironment..不知道或無需說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，e.g.--Haveyouheardaboutthatfireinthemarket?--Yes,fortunatelynoonewashurt.Manybuildingswillbebuiltinourcity.3.動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是無聲民的事物時(shí)，e.g.Thewindowglasswasbrokenbyastone.考點(diǎn)三主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義.謂語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義①|(zhì)系動(dòng)詞+j構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，系動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。?be動(dòng)詞：am/is/are/was/were?感官系動(dòng)詞：look/sound/smell/taste/feel系動(dòng)詞《?表“像”系動(dòng)詞：seem/appear?表“保持"系動(dòng)詞：keep/stay/remain?表"變化"系動(dòng)詞：become/go/get/turn/grow/fall（asleep）/come（true）?表“結(jié)果"系動(dòng)詞：prove/turnout（tobe）e.g.Theseflowerssmellsverynice.Thestorysoundstrue.Hisdreamhascometrue.Einstein,stheoryproved（tobe）correct.②一些由及物動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的不及物動(dòng)詞，如sell,wash,burn,cook,clean,cut,read,write,open,lock,shut,keep保存）等，當(dāng)他們與well,easily等副詞連用，說明主語的某種屬性特征時(shí)，常用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。e.g.Thispenwritessmoothly.Theknifecutswell.Mycoatwasheseasily.；Thebooksellswell.（書本身很好）、一Thebookissoldwell.（銷售人員賣的好，與書本身好壞無關(guān)）TThedoorcan,tlock.（鎖子壞了）IThedoorisn,tlocked.（有人沒鎖門）③表開始、結(jié)束的詞（如begin,start,finish,end等），當(dāng)主語為事物且不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，可用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。e.g.Classbeginsateighteveryday.ThistermwillendonJuly2nd.2.謂語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義1）動(dòng)名詞的主表被need/want/requiredoing(=tobedone) 需要被做deservedoing(=tobedone) 應(yīng)該/值得被做be(well)worthdoing 值得被做_beworthy、tobedonee.g.Thechildrenneed/want/requirelookingafter.1tobelookedafter.Thisreportiswellworthlisteningto.=Thisreportisworthyofbeinglistenedto./tobelistenedto.

2）不定式的主表被①betoblame（應(yīng)受責(zé)備），betorent/let（出租）e.g.Heistoblamefortheaccident.Thehouseistorent.主語+系動(dòng)詞+adj.+todo

f 邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 |★此時(shí)不定式主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義，不定式中的動(dòng)詞須為vt.主語+系動(dòng)詞+adj.+todo

f 邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 |e.g.Thequestioniseasytoanswer.Goodmedicineisbittertotaste.Theproblemseemsdifficulttosettle.Thepictureispleasanttolookat.Thechairiscomfortabletositon.（使）（使）make 、「think（認(rèn)為）find,+名詞/代詞+adj.+todo]feel 1邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系|、consider）★此時(shí)不定式主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義，不定式中的動(dòng)詞須為vt.；若為vi.,須在vi.后加適當(dāng)介詞。e.g.Ifoundhislecturedifficulttounderstand.Ithinkthemaneasytogetalongwith.邏輯I■的主謂關(guān)系sb.havesth.todo.★此時(shí)不定式主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義，不定式中的動(dòng)詞若為vi.,須在邏輯I■的主謂關(guān)系sb.havesth.todo.邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系e.g.試比較「Ihavealettertotype,soIcan,tgooutforawalk.Ihavenomoreletterstobetyped.Thanks.Shehasalotofhouseworktodoafterwork.I,llgoshopping.Doyouhaveanythingtobebought?考點(diǎn)4【get+過去分詞】【get+過去分詞】則多用于表示動(dòng)作的結(jié)果或動(dòng)作變化的逐漸性；而【be+過去分詞】多用來表示一般的動(dòng)作或情況。能夠用于get后構(gòu)成被語態(tài)的過去分詞不多，常見的有arrested,broken,caught,cheated,confused,delayed,divorced,dressed,drowned,drunk,elected,engaged,hit,killed,lost,married,stuck等。這類結(jié)構(gòu)的主要用法如下：IgotdressedasquicklyasIcould.我盡快穿好衣服。Igotcaughtinthedelugeonthewayhome.我在回家的路上遇到傾盆大雨。Igotdrunkforthefirsttimeinmylifelastnight.昨晚我有生以來第一次喝醉了。Shenearlygothitbyacar.她差點(diǎn)被汽車撞上了。Don,tplaywithknives.Youmightgethurt.不要玩刀子，說不定會(huì)傷著自己。Happilynonegotkilledinthataccident.幸虧那起車禍沒有造成死亡。Igaveyouamapsoyouwouldn,tgetlost.我給你一張地圖這樣你就不會(huì)迷路了。Theywerewalkingoutforyearsbeforetheygotmarried.他們戀愛多年才結(jié)婚。【夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)鞏固提升】把下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)Theyarerepairingthebike.Wesawhimsittingtherewithoutdoinganything.Wemustpreventhimfromgoing.Sheheardhimsingasongjustnow.Peoplestilllookdownuponwomeninsomecountries.Mysistermademeadol.Theyhadfinishedtheworkwhenwegotthere.Dr.Smithwillgivealecturetomorrow.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Sheshould(work)forherwork.Bythetimeyoucomeback,thelecture(finish).I(tell)thatthesportsmeetisputoff.Thepolicy(prove)effective.Thismuseumiswellworth(visit).Therockishard(break).Theshop(close)at6p.m.everyday.Officialsbelievethatmorethanonepersonmaybe(blame)forthefire.【滾動(dòng)練習(xí)熟能生巧】CristianoRonaldowith2013FIFAGoldenGlobeAward(regard)tobethebestplayertodayinfootballbymanyyoungfans.28billiondollars(give)awaybythecharitableorganizationsetupbyBillGatesandhiswifesofar.Thewetweatherwillcontinuetomorrow,whenacoldfront(expect)toarrive.5/6Theroad(build)anditwillbefinishedbytheendofnextyear.Alotofpeopleoftenforgetthatoralexams(design)totestourco