高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)課外閱讀導(dǎo)學(xué)案：人與社會(huì)：在咖啡店會(huì)更有創(chuàng)造力

英語(yǔ)課外閱讀導(dǎo)學(xué)案：人與社會(huì)：在咖啡店會(huì)更有創(chuàng)造力一、語(yǔ)篇泛讀Ifwe’realreadyworkinginisolationathome,whydowemissworkingwithourheadssimilarlydowninapublicsetting?Someofthemostsuccessfulpeopleinhistoryhavedonetheirbestworkincoffeeshops.PabloPicasso,JKRowling,SimonedeBeauvoirandJean-PaulSartre,BobDylan—whetherthey’repainters,singer-songwriters,philosophersorwriters,peopleacrossnationsandcenturieshavetappedintotheircreativityworkingawayatatableinacafé.Ofcourse,Covid-19hasputthekiboshonlingeringforhoursincozyroomspackedwithpeoplesippinglattes.Aswebeginanotheryearlivingamidapandemic,manyofuscontinuetoworkremotelyonourown.Andifremoteworkbecomespermanentforsome—asmanyexpertspredict—wemightaskourselveswhy,whenthingssettledown,weshouldbothergoingbackouttoworkinpublic,onlytoostensiblyisolateourselveswithourheadsdown—somethingwe’realreadydoingathome.Butputtingonyournoise-cancellingheadphonestotoilawayatyourdeskisactuallydifferentthandoingthesamesurroundedbyotherpeoplebuzzingoveryourshoulder.Therearemanywayscoffeeshopstriggerourcreativityinawayofficesandhomesdon’t.Researchshowsthatthestimuliintheseplacesmakethemeffectiveenvironmentstowork;thecombinationofnoise,casualcrowdsandvisualvarietycangiveusjusttherightamountofdistractiontohelpusbeoursharpestandmostcreative.(So,no,it’snotjustthatdoubleespresso.)AsweetspotofnoiseandcrowdsSomeofusstickinourearbudsassoonaswesitdowntoworkinapublicsetting.Butscientistshaveknownforyearsthatbackgroundnoisecanbenefitourcreativethinking.A2012studypublishedintheJournalofConsumerResearchshowedthatalow-to-moderatelevelofambientnoiseinaplacelikeacafeteriacanactuallyboostyourcreativeoutput.Theideaisthatifyou’reveryslightlydistractedfromthetaskathandbyambientstimuli,itboostsyourabstractthinkingability,whichcanleadtomorecreativeideageneration.Anotherstudyfrom2019,whichhadsimilarfindings,zeroesinonwhat’scalled“stochasticresonance”:originallyobservedinanimals,it’sthephenomenoninwhichjusttherightamountofnoisebenefitsoursenses.Andwhilethat‘Goldilocks’levelofnoiseisdifferentforeveryone,audiostimuliinthebackgroundalsohelpusimprovedecisionmaking.Somehaveevendubbed“thecoffeeshopeffect”.So,thejazzmuzak,lightconversationandbaristabangingcoffeegroundsoutofthegrinderaren’tanuisance—theycouldhelpyoucomeupwithyournextmagnumopus.There’salsothefactthatinacoffeeshop,we’resurroundedbypeoplewho’vecometodothesamethingasus,whichactsasamotivator.A2016studybackedupthisideawhenresearchersaskedparticipantssittingnexttoeachotherinfrontofacomputertodoataskonthesamescreen.Thestudyshowedthat“simplyperformingatasknexttoapersonwhoexertsalotofeffortinataskwillmakeyoudothesame”.

二、語(yǔ)篇精讀Ifwe’realreadyworkinginisolationathome,whydowemissworkingwithourheadssimilarlydowninapublic

setting?Someofthemostsuccessfulpeopleinhistoryhavedonetheirbestworkincoffeeshops.PabloPicasso,JKRowling,SimonedeBeauvoirandJean-PaulSartre,BobDylan

—

whetherthey’repainters,singer-songwriters,philosophersorwriters,peopleacrossnationsandcenturieshave

tappedinto

theircreativityworkingawayatatableinacafé.l

setting

n.

環(huán)境；背景；（戲劇、小說(shuō)等的）情節(jié)背景l(fā)

tapinto

利用；挖掘；打入Ofcourse,Covid-19hasputthekiboshon

lingering

forhoursincozyroomspackedwithpeople

sipping

lattes.Aswebeginanotheryearlivingamidapandemic,manyofuscontinuetoworkremotelyonourown.Andifremoteworkbecomespermanentforsome

—

asmanyexpertspredict

—

wemightaskourselveswhy,whenthings

settledown,weshould

bother

goingbackouttoworkinpublic,onlytoostensibly

isolate

ourselveswithourheadsdown

—

somethingwe’realreadydoingathome.l

linger

v.

徘徊；逗留；流連；磨蹭l

sip

v.

小口喝；抿

n.

一小口（飲料）l

settledown

定居；成家；移居；平靜下來(lái)l

bother

v.

打擾；花費(fèi)時(shí)間精力（做某事）；使（某人）煩惱（或擔(dān)憂、不安）

n.

麻煩；困難；令人煩惱的情況（或事物、人）

int.

表示對(duì)某事或某人煩惱l

isolate

v.

孤立；將……剔出（以便看清和單獨(dú)處理）；使（某物質(zhì)、細(xì)胞等）分離【長(zhǎng)難句解析】Andifremoteworkbecomespermanentforsome—asmanyexpertspredict

—

wemightaskourselveswhy,whenthingssettledown,weshouldbothergoingbackouttoworkinpublic,onlytoostensiblyisolateourselveswithourheadsdown

—

somethingwe’realreadydoingathome.

譯文：如果像許多專家預(yù)測(cè)的那樣，遠(yuǎn)程工作對(duì)一些人來(lái)說(shuō)成為常態(tài)，我們可能會(huì)自問(wèn)一句，既然已經(jīng)塵埃落定，我們?yōu)楹芜€要費(fèi)事地回到公司工作，到頭來(lái)也還是埋頭自己工作——而這和在家里的狀態(tài)沒(méi)什么兩樣。解析：主句是wemightaskourselveswhy...,if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，asmanyexpertspredict是插入語(yǔ)。why引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,whenthingssettledown是賓語(yǔ)從句里的狀語(yǔ)從句。Butputtingonyour

noise-cancelling

headphonesto

toilaway

atyourdeskisactuallydifferentthandoingthesamesurroundedbyotherpeople

buzzing

overyourshoulder.Therearemanywayscoffeeshops

trigger

ourcreativityinawayofficesandhomesdon’t.Researchshowsthatthestimuliintheseplacesmakethemeffectiveenvironmentstowork;the

combination

ofnoise,casualcrowdsand

visual

varietycangiveusjusttherightamountofdistractiontohelpusbeoursharpestandmostcreative.(So,no,it’snotjustthatdouble

espresso.)l

noise-cancelling

消噪音的；降噪l

toilaway

埋頭苦干l

buzz

n.

嗡嗡聲；傳聞；蜂鳴聲；唧唧喳喳的談話聲

v.

發(fā)出嗡嗡聲；發(fā)出蜂鳴聲；充滿興奮（或活動(dòng)等）；用蜂鳴器（發(fā)信號(hào)）l

trigger

n.

觸發(fā)器；（槍的）扳機(jī)；（尤指引發(fā)不良反應(yīng)或發(fā)展的）起因；引爆器

v.

觸發(fā)；引起；發(fā)動(dòng)；開(kāi)動(dòng)l

combination

n.

結(jié)合；聯(lián)合；混合；結(jié)合體l

visual

adj.

視力的；視覺(jué)的

n.

視覺(jué)資料（指說(shuō)明性的圖片、影片等）l

espresso

n.

濃咖啡；一杯濃咖啡AsweetspotofnoiseandcrowdsSomeofus

stickin

ourearbudsassoonaswesitdowntoworkinapublicsetting.Butscientistshaveknownforyearsthatbackgroundnoisecan

benefit

ourcreativethinking.A2012studypublishedintheJournalofConsumerResearchshowedthatalow-to-moderate

levelof

ambient

noiseinaplacelikeacafeteriacanactuallyboostyourcreativeoutput.Theideaisthatifyou’reveryslightlydistractedfromthetaskathandbyambientstimuli,itboostsyourabstractthinkingability,whichcan

leadto

morecreativeideageneration.l

stickin

添注l

benefit

n.

益處；優(yōu)勢(shì)；成效；福利費(fèi)（政府對(duì)失業(yè)者、病人等提供的補(bǔ)助金）

v.

對(duì)（某人）有用；使受益；得益于；得利于l

moderate

v.

緩和；使適中；審核評(píng)分（查看不同閱卷人所打分?jǐn)?shù)是否公平一致）

adj.

適度的；中等的；溫和的；不激烈的

n.

持溫和觀點(diǎn)者（尤指政見(jiàn)）l

ambient

adj.

周圍環(huán)境的；周圍的；產(chǎn)生輕松氛圍的l

leadto

導(dǎo)致；引起；通往

【長(zhǎng)難句解析】Theideaisthatifyou’reveryslightlydistractedfromthetaskathandbyambientstimuli,itboostsyourabstractthinkingability,whichcanleadtomorecreativeideageneration.譯文：這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是，如果周圍的刺激讓你從手頭的任務(wù)中輕微分散了注意力，它會(huì)提高你的抽象思維能力，從而產(chǎn)生更多的有創(chuàng)造性想法。解析：Theidea是主句，is主句系動(dòng)詞，that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句；在表語(yǔ)從句中if引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；whichcanleadtomorecreativeideageneration為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。Anotherstudyfrom2019,whichhadsimilarfindings,zeroesinonwhat’scalled“stochasticresonance”:originallyobservedinanimals,it’sthe

phenomenon

inwhichjusttherightamountofnoisebenefitsoursenses.Andwhilethat‘Goldilocks’levelofnoiseisdifferentforeveryone,audiostimuliinthebackgroundalsohelpusimprove

decisionmaking.Somehaveevendubbed“thecoffeeshopeffect”.So,thejazzmuzak,lightconversationandbaristabangingcoffeegroundsoutofthegrinderaren’ta

nuisance

—

theycouldhelpyoucomeupwithyournext

magnumopus.l

phenomenon

n.

現(xiàn)象；杰出的人；非凡的人（或事物）l

decisionmaking

n.

決策；做出決策的過(guò)程l

nuisance

n.

麻煩事；討厭的人（或東西）；妨害行為l

magnumopus

n.

代表作；杰作There’salsothefactthatinacoffeeshop,we’resurroundedbypeoplewho’vecometodothesamethingasus,whichactsasamotivator.A2016study

backedup

thisideawhenresearchersaskedparticipantssittingnexttoeachotherinfrontofacomputertodoataskonthesamescreen.Thestudyshowedthat“simplyperformingatasknexttoapersonwho

exertsalotofeffort

inataskwillmakeyoudothesame”.

l

backup

支持l

exertalotofeffort

付出很大努力【長(zhǎng)難句解析】There’salsothefactthatinacoffeeshop,we’resurroundedbypeoplewho’vecometodothesamethingasus,whichactsasamotivator.譯文：還有一個(gè)事實(shí)是，在咖啡店里，周圍的的人和我們做著同樣的事情的話，會(huì)對(duì)我們產(chǎn)生激勵(lì)作用。解析：本句是一個(gè)Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)。that引導(dǎo)的是的同位語(yǔ)從句，作thefact的同位語(yǔ)。同位語(yǔ)從句中who’vecometodothesamethingasus是定語(yǔ)從句修飾people,whichactsasamotivator是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。三、讀后練習(xí)——單句語(yǔ)法填空1.

Peopleacrossnationsandcenturieshavetappedintotheir

(create)

workingawayatat